距離常數 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [jùlíchángshǔ]
距離常數
英文
distance constant-
The famous mirror maker, john dobson, routinely uses the street lamps few block away from his home to star test his mirrors
著名的反射鏡製造者約翰多布森先生經常利用距離他住屋數座之外的街燈進行星點測試他的反射鏡。For the measured value of the hubble constant, this distance is about 14 billion light - years
由量測到的哈伯常數值來推斷，這個距離大約是140億光年遠。The asteroids are the most important small bodies in the solarsystem, and they mainly lies in the two locations - a main belt between the mars ' s orbit and the jupiter ' s and the near - earth space. the most feature of the orbits of near - earth asteroids ( neas ) is that the semi - major axes of the orbits are nearly equal to that of the earth or the perihelia distances are approximate to or even less than the mean distance between the sun and the earth, thus they could move into inside of the earth ' s orbit, so that they might close approach or even colliside with the earth ( or other planets, such as the venus, the mars, etc. ). the characteristic brings about some difficulties in the numerical research during their orbital evolution, which leads to the failure of the normalization technique in the general removal impact singularities of celestial mechanics methods and the symplectic algorithm which is successfully applied to the investigation in quality. by comparing the computation effects of several common numerical methods ( including symplectic algorithm ), and considering the nature of the movement of the small bodies, the corresponding treatments are provided here to improve the reliability of the computation
小行星是太陽系最重要的一類小天體，主要分佈在兩個區域；火星和木星軌道之間的一條主帶和近地空間.近地小行星軌道的最大特點是其軌道半長徑與地球軌道半長徑相近，或近日距離接近甚至小於日地平均距離，其運動可深入到地球軌道的內部，這將導致該類小行星與地球（還有金星、火星等）十分靠近甚至發生碰撞.這一特徵給其軌道演化數值研究帶來一些困難，包括天體力學方法中一般消除碰撞奇點的正規化處理以及對定性研究十分成功的辛演算法都將在不同程度上失效.通過對幾種常用數值方法（包括辛演算法）計算效果的比較，根據小天體運動自身的特性，給出了相應處理措施，從而可提高計算結果的可靠性The result is " constant distance " - exceptional yardage, shot after shot
結果是在重復擊球后的"正常距離" -再增加額外的碼數。21 pajarola r, sainz m, lario r. extreme splatting : external memory multiresolution point visualization. department of computer science, university of california irvine, 2004, uci - ics - 04 - 14. 22 airey j m, rohlf j h, brooks f p jr. towards image realism with interactive update rates in complex virtual building environments
二是考察各個層次結點的幾何誤差情況，並為每種幾何誤差記錄序列中最先滿足該誤差要求的層次片段，以便成象時能很快剔除太粗糙的點數據，這對于模型的近距離成象是非常有用的。According to the characteristic of ieee 1394 with wide bandwidth, common and real - time, the author put forward ieee 13 94 should be applied into real - time digital video transfer in optics - electronics theodolite. before engineering realization, carried out a video image transfer test on three types of digital video tape recorders and camera with ieee 1394 interface. we found that digital videos without compression transfered under ieee 1394 standard ( transfer from 4. 5m to 100m ), compared with analog videos, have no geometric distortion, and have better luminance, contrast, definition
作為工程實現前的實驗研究，對三類具有ieee1394介面的數字錄像機和攝像機進行了視頻圖像傳輸實驗，發現無壓縮格式的按ieee1394標準傳輸的數字視頻圖像（傳輸距離從4 . 5米到100米之間） ，較原始模擬視頻圖像在幾何位置信息上沒有衰變，而在亮度、對比度、邊緣清晰度這些方面有明顯的優勢；但是按dvcam壓縮格式（常見于sony公司的系列產品，是5 ： 1的dct幀內壓縮）壓縮的數字視頻圖像，較原始模擬參照圖像有明顯的幾何畸變。The essence of edid is to set up a normal behavior fuzzy sub collection a on the basis of watching the normal system transfer of the privilege process, and set up a fuzzy sub collection b with real time transfer array, then detect with the principle of minimum distance in fuzzy discern method the innovation point of this paper is : put forward the method of edid, can not only reduce efficiently false positive rate and false negative rate, also make real time intrusion detection to become possibility ; have independent and complete character database, according to the classification of monitoring program, design normal behavior and anomaly behavior etc., have raised the strongness of ids ; use tree type structure to preservation the character database, have saved greatly stock space ; in detection invade, carry out frequency prior principle, prior analysis and handling the behavior feature of high frequency in information table, have raised efficiency and the speed of detection, make real time intrusion detection to become possibility ; have at the same time realized anomaly intrusion detection and misuse intrusion detection, have remedied deficiency of unitary detection method
這種方法的實質是在監控特權進程的正常系統調用基礎上建立正常行為模糊子集a ，用檢測到的實時調用序列建立模糊子集b ，然後用模糊識別方法中的最小距離原則進行檢測。本文的創新點是：通過對特權進程的系統調用及參數序列的研究，提出了基於euclidean距離的入侵檢測方法edid ，不僅能有效降低漏報率和誤報率，而且使實時入侵檢測成為可能；設計有獨立而完整的特徵數據庫，根據被監控程序的類別，分別設計正常行為、異常行為等，提高了檢測系統的強健性和可伸縮性；特徵數據庫按樹型結構存儲，大大節省了存儲空間；在檢測入侵時，實行頻度優先原則，優先分析和處理信息表中的高頻度行為特徵，提高檢測的速度和效率，使實時入侵檢測成為可能；同時實現了異常入侵檢測和誤用入侵檢測，彌補了單一檢測方法的不足。The euclidean distance is usually chosen as the similarity measure in the conventional k - means clustering algorithm, which usually relates to all attributes
傳統的k -均值演算法選擇的相似性度量通常是歐幾里德距離的倒數，這種距離通常涉及所有的特徵。In the application of mini - micro - robot visual perception, there is a need for fish - eye lenses for capturing wide field of view for navigation. though fish - eye lenses provide a wide field of view ( 180 ), they introduce significant distortion in images and the acquired images are quite warped, which makes conventional camera calibration algorithms no longer work well. this paper presents an accurate calibration framework for fish - eye lens ( a high distortion lens ) camera stereo vision system. the accurate calibration model is formulated with radial distortion, decentering distortion and thin prism distortion based on the fisheye deformation model. using fish - eye and non - linear camera model, the author employs levenberg - marquardt method to realize precise non - linear calibration for wide - view - scene dense depth image recovery
魚眼鏡頭成像立體視覺系統在微小型機器人視覺導航和近距離大視場物體識別與定位中有著廣泛的應用.盡管魚眼鏡頭攝像機具有很大的視場角（接近180 ） ，但同時也引入嚴重的圖像變形，常規的攝像機標定方法無法使用.該文提出一種標定魚眼鏡頭攝像機立體視覺系統的方法.在魚眼鏡頭變形模型的基礎上，通過考慮魚眼鏡頭成像的徑向變形、偏心變形和薄棱鏡變形，建立了魚眼鏡頭成像的精確成像模型，然後，利用非線性迭代演算法，精確求解攝像機外部參數、內部參數.實驗表明，使用該方法得到的立體視覺系統參數滿足精確恢復大場景稠密深度圖的要求Experts had not bothered to study closer - in data in detail because they believed that radiation pressure of the sun and the many flight maneuvers would make it difficult to measure the anomaly
專家們不曾詳盡的研究較近距離內的數據，因為他們認為太陽的輻射壓與許多太空飛行任務會使異常現象不好量測。This thesis explains the necessity of the character recognition technology of the computer at first, describe the meaning in which the handwritten numeral discerns ; pretreatment technology of handwritten numeral recognition, including two value, line segmentation, word segmentation smooth, removing noising, standardization and thinning are discussed two value concretely discusses whole threshold value, some threshold value, dynamic threshold value and utilize space information to carry on threshold, which are several kinds of common method of choosing threshold value, especially utilize space information to carry on threshold value is describe in detail ; adopting to the foundation of thinning based on mathematics morphology, thinning algorithm of serials same and thinning algorithm of protecting shape are discussed ; afterwards, according to principle ' s diagram of the on - line character recognition, by analyzing the structure feature of the handwritten numeral, this thesis has proposed the online recognition te chnology of the free handwritten numeral based on the stroke feature and the online recognition technology of the free handwritten numeral based on the multistage classifying device. detail narrated noise removing, stroke characteristic definition and discernment, distance criterion of whole word match ; then under the foundation of handwritten numeral segmentation, off - line handwritten numeral recognition is researched. especially minimum distance classifying device, tree classifying device and adaptive resonance ( art ) network classifying device is discussed at the same time, believes degree analyses are introduced to integrate a lot of classifying devices ; at the end, the typical application of the handwritten numeral recognition was briefly narrated, its application in extensive data statistics, financial affairs, tax, finance and mail sorting have been explored
二值化時對整體閾值二值化、局部閾值二值化、動態閾值二值化和利用空間信息進行閾值選取幾種常用的閾值選取方法進行討論，特別對利用空間信息進行閾值選取進行了詳細論述；在對通過對基於數學形態學的細化的基礎上，討論序貫同倫形態細化演算法和保形的快速形態細化演算法；然後依據聯機字元識別原理框圖，分析了手寫數字的結構特點，提出了基於筆劃特徵的任意手寫數字在線識別技術和基於多級分類器任意手寫數字在線識別技術，對其中涉及的筆劃識別前的噪聲處理、筆劃間特徵量的定義及識別、整字匹配的距離準則進行了詳細敘述；繼而在對手寫數字的分割的基礎下對脫機手寫數字識別進行了研究，對基於最小距離分類器字元識別、基於樹分類器的字元識別、基於自適應共振（ art ）網路的字元識別分別進行了詳細討論，並引入置信度分析將多個分類器進行了混合集成；最後簡單闡述了手寫數字識別的典型應用，對其在大規模數據統計、財務、稅務、金融及郵件分揀中的應用進行了探索。If we know the value of the hubble s constant, we can determine the distance of a galaxy by means of hubble s law
例如上例中的星系，如果哈勃常數是60的話，它便距離地球150百萬秒差距。Multivariate morphometrics was conducted on the endemic asian genus sinibrama wu, 1939 in east asia in order to investigate the morphological variations among the 4 nominal species and subspecies known from south china. principal component analysis ( pca ) was performed respectively for seven meristic and thirty - two morphometric characters that were based on 224 specimens
運用多變量形態度量學方法，研究東亞特有魚類類群?華鯿屬魚類的形態差異，對其在分類學上存在疑問的物種的不同地理居群的18個框架測量距離、 14個常規測量距離和7個可數性狀進行了主成分分析。The underwater - radio buoy for use as obtaining the ocean " s acoustical parameters is a underwater acoustic signals record system which has long distance radio remote control and data transmit function. the technology key of the dissertation study is that under the requirements of the system the monitor and record equipment on the acoustic source vessel, the monitor and record equipment on control vessel command and control the work slate of the buoy system by radio data transmitting mode of short wave transmitter - receiver
海洋環境參數獲取浮標監測系統屬于具有長距離無線電遙控?數傳功能的水下聲信號接收記錄系統，本論文研究目標的技術關鍵在於根據系統要求，指揮船和發射船監控記錄設備通過短波電臺以無線數傳方式，對浮標系統的工作狀態進行指揮和控制，浮標則通過同一短波通道向指揮船上報浮標方位、工作狀態、關鍵數據及非常狀態下的報警信號等。Under our task experimental condition, we calculated the sensitivity of our planning to develop dial system with direct detection, besides, we studied the relationship between the sensitivity of measurement and atmospheric refractive - index structure constant and applied matlab program simulated the system parameters such as beam diameter, laser divergence angle, detection distance and gained relevant relationship curves
在課題實驗條件下，模擬計算了直接檢測dial系統的測量靈敏度。在考慮大氣折射率結構常數對系統測量靈敏度影響的基礎上，並對各種系統參數如光束半徑、束散角和探測距離對測量靈敏度的影響運用matlab程序做了模擬計算，為合理選擇系統設計參數提供了依據。General method of similar sequence mining based on time series is to transform time series into discrete character series and cluster them into different sets, then compute the euclidean distance between querying series and these sets to measure their similarity
摘要時間序列數據庫中相似子序列的搜索，常用滑動窗口、分形插值逼近等方法將時間序列分割成各子序列，線性擬合各分段子序列，計算查詢序列與各子序列的歐氏距離，滿足距離閾值條件的為相似子序列。The paper puts forward the clustering algorithm includes : clustering based on grid and iterative, enhanced clustering algorithm base on density and k - medoids, enhanced k - means algorithm ( optimize chooseing consult _ points in iterative process ), enhanced clustering algorithm base on distance. they can overcome many limitations ( some traditional algorithms terminate in local optimization. many results of cluster are roundness, too many times in partition iterative process ), which are related to the static architecture of traditional model
在傳統聚類演算法的基礎上，結合我們科學數據挖掘的應用對象?分子動力學數據，提出了迭代網格聚類演算法， k -平均和基於密度結合的聚類演算法，迭代過程中優化選擇中心點的k -平均方法，以及改進型的基於距離的聚類演算法等模式識別方法，能夠解決傳統演算法帶來的諸多問題（比如一些傳統的聚類演算法常常收斂于局部最優，發現都模式都趨近於球形，劃分方法中迭代次數過多帶來的效率問題） 。Calibration typically entails an iterative process that computes coefficients such that the gravity model replicates the trip length frequency distribution and matches base year productions and / or attractions
典型的校準在系數計算中通常有一個迭代過程，好像重力模型復制了出行距離頻數分佈，同時匹配基年發生和吸引。The performance of similarity indexing structures in high dimensions degrades rapidly. in lower dimensional space, we often use lp - norm to measure the proximity between two points, but in many case the concept of this proximity is never meaningless in high dimensional space. these issues bring high dimensional data mining two challenges
隨著數據維數的升高，高維索引結構的性能迅速下降，在低維空間中，我們經常採用l _ p距離作為數據之間的相似性度量，在高維空間中很多情況下這種相似性的概念不復存在，這就給高維數據挖掘帶來了很嚴峻的考驗，一方面引起基於索引結構的數據挖掘演算法的性能下降，另一方面很多基於全空間距離函數的挖掘方法也會失效。Besides, factors that affect the results of subdivision driving are discussed. furthermore, after analyzing popular methods applied in laser distance measure, waveform analysis is used in the laser scanner. a high - speed a / d card is used to acquire the signal, related software of this part is programmed and the time of waveform analysis is estimated
然後對常用的距離計數法進行了精度分析，確定在三維激光掃描儀中採用波形記錄法實現時間間隔測量，根據三維掃描儀的精度要求採用高速採集卡對激光的主、回波波形進行採集、分析與處理，並編寫了波形採集、分析程序，同時對波形分析處理所需要的時間進行了估算。分享友人