輕災區 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [qīngzāiqū]
輕災區
英文
threshold area-
Abstract : this paper analyzes causal factors of flood in the middle reaches of changjiang river. due to neglection of environmental management, soil erosion in the upper and middle reaches of the changjiag river, lake sedimentation, large - scale reclamation of marshes, the flood regulation capacity of the lake was descended, and flood stage was risen and prolonged. consequently more and more river levees and lake dikes were reinforced almost every year to prevent the disasters, which made flood level go up and flood period last for more days. the frequency of flood and waterlogging disasters rose and their damage was enlarged. several proposals for flood prevention including agricultural modernization are put forward
文摘: 1998年長江大洪水后開始實施的「平垸行洪，退田還湖」的土地利用調整方案，從長遠來說應尋求農業安全且收入逐漸提高條件下的土地利用，長江中游地區應積極推進農業現代化，提高農業勞動生產率，轉移，減少分蓄洪區的人口，移民建鎮，對區內的土地要促進其規模經營，由優秀的有文化的農民經營，平時只有少量的直接從事農業生產的經營管理人員，農忙時則大量地使用季節性合同工或實現機械化，大洪水時退田還湖，減輕長江幹流大洪水的壓力，減少分洪與特大洪災時的損失，這樣還可促進避洪、冬季農業等的發展，也有利於長江中上游地區陡坡耕地的退耕還林，還可在糧食充足時進行休耕，在旱災、糧食緊張時擴大糧食生產?( 3 ) the idea suggested in this paper of converting flood into utilizable resource 、 attempering flood by engineering means and supervising human behaviors in the flooded area. to overcome the various barriers arising from ideology 、 systems 、 technology and economy which the establishment of risk management system of flood will be confronted with, this paper also suggests a statistical approach to estimate extremum and the concept of gray - uncertainty risk in figuring flood risk and analyses the severe harmfulness of accidents of extremum risk, furthermore, supplements and perfects present quantity - analyzing method of risk loss
3 、本文提出洪水資源化的觀念，以工程手段對洪水進行調節，以法律、行政、經濟、教育等綜合性的手段對人類在洪泛區中的行為進行管理，是削弱洪水的危害性、減輕洪水風險的有效方式，提高的防洪安全保障需求，實行洪水風險管理是必由之路。洪水風險管理體制的建立必然面臨觀念方面、體制方面、技術方面與經濟方面的重重障礙，並提出洪災風險評價的極值統計學方法和灰色-隨機風險率的概念，建立了其表達形式與計算方法，它完善了現有的風險損失量化方法。Present methods generally based on the statistics of earthquake damage, expert experiences, theory analysis and experimental researches have obvious advantages, disadvantages and certain scopes of application ; ( 2 ) different prediction methods should be adopted against different building conditions, sites, intensity and experiences etc to predict earthquake damage of buildings for prospective accuracy, dependability and availability ; ( 3 ) earthquake damage matrix, which is the foundation of earthquake damage prediction, of 7 kinds of building in the urban areas of zhangzhou city under intensity 6 to 9 has been set up. the damage conditions of different buildings under different intensity are as followings : all kinds of structures are basically intact under intensity 6 ; the reinforced concrete structures are basically intact under intensity 7, but other kinds of structures are destroyed slightly ; the reinforced concrete structures are still basically intact while other kinds of structures are destroyed intermediately under intensity 8 ; the reinforced concrete structures are destroyed slightly, single - story factories and open houses are destroyed intermediately and other kinds of structures are destroyed seriously under intensity 9 ; ( 4 ) the results of earthquake damage predicting of buildings embody the damage when earthquake happens in the future. thus, further identifications and reinforcements should be considered to buildings that will be destroyed intermediately or more under the earthquake with 10 % exceeding probability in future 50 years ; ( 5 ) the direct economic losses caused by damage of buildings resting with the area, structural type, intensity and damage of all kinds of buildings are the main part of the losses of the city in an earthquake ; ( 6 ) the direct economic losses increased progressively toward high intensity by 2 or 3 times
基於上述研究，得出的主要結論有：建築物震害預測是一個模糊的、系統的、復雜的問題，現有的方法很多一般都是以震害統計規律、專家經驗、理論分析和試驗研究為依據，有其自身的優缺點和一定的適用范圍；應針對不同的建築物條件、場地條件、地震強度和已有經驗等，採用不同的預測方法進行建築物震害預測，以使預測結果達到預期的精確性、可靠性和可操作性；建立了漳州市區7類建築物在6度9度地震作用下的震害矩陣，成為指導抗震防災的重要依據，各類結構的震害情況表現為： 6度地震作用下各類建築物基本完好； 7度地震作用下除鋼筋混凝土結構基本完好外其餘以建築輕微破壞為主； 8度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構仍以基本完好為主而其餘建築以中等破壞為主； 9度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構以輕微破壞為主，單層工業廠房和空曠房屋以中等破壞為主，其餘建築以嚴重破壞為主；建築物的震害預測結果體現了未來地震來臨時的震害程度，在編制漳州市區抗震防災規劃時，對于遭遇50年超越概率10的地震影響發生中等以上破壞的建築物應考慮進行抗震鑒定和加固；由建築物的破壞所造成的直接經濟損失是城市地震經濟損失的主要部分，重慶大學碩士學位論文中文摘要其主要與建築物總面積、結構類型、地震烈度和各類建築物的震害程度有關;不同烈度造成的直接經濟損失按2一3倍向高烈度方向遞增，漳州市區直接經濟損失由6度至9度的比例關系為1 : 2 . 8 : 8 . 6 : 22 . 8 ;遭遇基本地震設防烈度（ 7度）時，漳州市區直接經濟損失約4 . 5億元，無家可歸人員約40000人，且以磚木結構和多層磚混結構的震害損失最大;地震造成的人員傷亡主要與建築物倒塌及嚴重破壞的程度和總面積以及震時的建築物室內人數密切相關，地震時無家可歸人員主要與住宅倒塌、嚴重破壞及中等破壞的程度和總面積以及城市人均居住面積密切相關。Typhoon toraji did not cause great damage to the northern region of formosa. however, the local fellow initiates remained on high alert on the day the typhoon struck
此次桃芝臺風雖未釀成北部地區重大災害，但臺風來襲當天，北部的同修亦不敢掉以輕心。The degree of flood impact was divided into four grades according to the percentiles of the index of comprehensive assessment, which is mild flood ( < p50 ), intermediate flood ( p50 - p74 ), severe flood ( p75 - p94 ), and very severe flood ( > = p95 )
根據百分位數法，將受災區的綜合評價值分為四個等級： p50為輕度受災、 p50 - p74為中度受災、 p75 - p94為重度受災， = p95為極重度受災。Instead, having failed to regain his ground following his own initial clearance, robinson took the catastrophic option of pushing it back into his own six - yard box, straight into the path of kuranyi, who could barely believe his luck as he tapped into an empty net
相反的，在首次清除皮球后沒能回到自己的位置，羅賓遜災難性地選擇將球推回自己的六碼區，直接送到了庫蘭伊的路徑上，後者剛好幸運地將球輕推入空門According to the facts of chemical spill accidents in waterway transport, systematic analysis is made on the suitable dispersion models and source strength calculation models of multiple spilled substance, resource and environment respectively, so as to decide the poison and fire & explosion danger area of an accident through the way of dispersion simulation. to resolve the problem to the calculation of spill amount from tanks, calculation formulas on various types of tanks were worked out ; at the same time, research is carried out on the source strength calculation of mixtures with regard to the possible spillage of chemical mixture in waterway transport. for the sake of convenient application, a computer software for the simulation of dangerous area is developed which can provide great assistance to the decision - making of emergency response and reach the target of reducing the damage of the life, property and environment to the smallest degree
根據水運化學品泄漏事故的具體實際，針對各種泄漏物質、泄漏源和環境條件研究了各自適用的擴散模式和源強計算模型，以便通過擴散模擬確定事故的毒害和火災爆炸危險區域；為解決儲罐泄漏量計算困難的實際問題，推導了適用各型儲罐、液艙的泄漏量計算公式；針對化學品水路儲運泄漏事故中泄漏物質可能會以混合物形式存在的情況，探討了混合物的蒸氣釋放源強計算；為方便實用，開發了蒸氣擴散危險區域模擬計算機軟體，從而為事故應急決策提供了有力的輔助支持，以達到盡可能減少人員傷亡和財產損失，減輕環境污染的目標。Gandhi ' s son, rahul, a member of parliament and the young star of the gandhi family political dynasty, visited the scene on saturday
甘地夫人的兒子拉胡，同時也是議會的一員，甘地家族政治王朝最年輕耀眼的一顆星，星期六也探訪過災區。分享友人