退行律 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [tuìhánglǜ]
退行律
英文
law of retrogression-
With more and more practice of financial institution withdrawing from the market, a correct system is need to be set up, otherwise it will result in blue ruin
我國金融機械市場退出實踐日益豐富，亟需法律制度的指導、規范，否則，這種行為可能因失范無序而引發不良的甚至是災難性的後果。Example : in the 19th century there were few laws protecting american consumers, and so the slogan of the marketplace was caveat emptor
19世紀保護美國消費者的法律很少，因此市場的流行口號是「商品售出，概不退換」 。Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law
再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。In a word, it presents a comprehensive and systemic analysis on mbo in china and foreign countries, from the followly fire aspects : the background of mba, the policy environment, the objective firms, the pricing methods, the financing system, find out differences of mba and the causes of them, and combinating special eco - nomic environment and economic traces of our country, the author puts forward counterplan. these counterplans primarily include : from strengthening laws, enhancing the information to publish, culturing to agency and etc to come to perfect the mbo policy environment on our country ; defining objective firms of mbo in realm that the state - owned property is decided to withdraw ; with the clean property worth for the foundation, synthesize to consider managers " contribute and the value of control powers with company, and pass the market mechanism to come for right price of the objective firms ; pass growing the organization investor, creative financing tool and optimizing the assistant financial system, establishing the valid withdrawing way of financing etc to resolve the financing problem
在此基礎上，論文從收購背景、政策環境、目標企業、定價方法、融資體制等五個方面對中外mbo做了全面系統的對比分析，找出了兩者的差異及原因，並結合我國特有的經濟環境和經濟軌跡，提出了相應的對策措施。這些對策主要包括：從健全法律法規、加強信息披露、培育中介機構等方面來完善我國mbo的政策環境；在國有資產決定退出的領域內對mbo的目標企業進行界定；以凈資產值為基礎，綜合考慮管理層貢獻和公司控制權兩個因素，通過市場機制來為目標公司正確定價；通過培育機構投資者、創新融資工具和優化配套金融制度、建立有效的融資的撤出渠道等來解決融資問題。What is more, they are likely to increase legal costs, waste board time and deter future companies from going public
另外，它們可能還會增加法律成本、浪費董事會的時間，並嚇退一些公司的未來上市行動。Based on measurement of strains of both horizontal stirrups in the joint core and longitudinal reinforcement passing througth the joint, in different stages, transfer mechanism and factors affacting seismic behavior of the joint, were analysed. under different shear compression ration, effect of axial force ratio on seismic behawior of the joint was also evaluated, static shear and seismic shear of the joint based on capacity design were investigated. on this basis, new governing criteria and conditions of seismic behavior of the joint were put forward
通過對節點區水平箍筋以及貫穿節點梁、柱縱筋在不同受力階段應變的精細量測，對節點的傳力機理以及影響抗震性能的因素進行了分析研究；對不同剪壓比條件下軸壓比對節點抗震性能的影響規律進行了分析研究；對不同受力階段梁筋的粘結退化規律以及節點區的剪切變形進行了分析研究；對節點的靜力抗剪與建立在能力設計思路上的抗震抗剪問題進行了深入研究，提出了建立在新思路基礎上的節點抗震性能控制準則和控制條件。He was the chairman and senior partner of johnson stokes master and following his retirement from the firm on 30th september, 2004, he was appointed that firms honorary adviser
葉先生為?士打律師行的前主席兼首席合人，於2004年9月30日退休后，獲該律師行委任為名譽顧問。The obligation of person of the change that be torn open : ( 1 ) after tearing open change compensation to find a place for the agreement is signed, should refer estate of building of the change that be torn open to the person that tear open change according to consultative agreement authority certificate and cancel estate right a power of attorney ; do not have estate right certificate ought to refer corresponding property right to prove file and the declaration that abandon estate right ; ( 2 ) after tearing open change person to give compensation to find a place for, finish inside the deadline of the regulation that tear open change remove ; ( 3 ) the agreement that fulfils the agreement that tear open change, be in transfer after expiring, vacate room of have enough to meet need remove the person that tear open change ; ( 4 ) fulfill director office and relevant people government already the legal copy clerk of become effective ; ( 5 ) book of the judgment that fulfills people court to had produced legal effectiveness, mediation and ruling book, the arbitral adjudication book that arbitral perhaps orgnaization makes and arbitration mediate a book ; ( 6 ) other and legal or the agreement is voluntary
被拆遷人的義務： （ 1 ）在拆遷補償安置協議簽訂后，應按照協議的約定向拆遷人提交被拆遷房屋房地產權證書及注銷房地產權利委託書；沒有房地產權利證書的則應當提交相應的產權證實文件及放棄房地產權利的聲明書； （ 2 ）在拆遷人給予補償安置后，在規定的拆遷期限內完成搬遷； （ 3 ）履行拆遷協議的約定，並在過渡期滿之後將周轉房騰退給拆遷人； （ 4 ）履行主管機關及相關人民政府已經生效的法律文書； （ 5 ）履行人民法院已經發生法律效力的判決書、調解書和裁定書，或者仲裁機構作出的仲裁裁決書和仲裁調解書； （ 6 ）其他法定或約定義務。Visit labor and social security office according to heibei " plan as a whole about former trade the enterprise rested with backing down on january 1, 1999 personnel annuities plan hair transfers the announcement of method " ( ji lao company [ 1999 ] 36 ) file regulation, right due to illness ( contain because labour causes damage, be not ) deal with retire ahead of schedule ( quit working ) personnel, its are basic old - age pension is same send by country of the state council [ 1998 ] the plan hair way that 26 files provide and the specific measure that heibei saves plan hair
根據河北省勞動和社會保障廳《關于原行業統籌企業1999年1月1日以後退休人員養老金計發過渡辦法的通知》 （冀勞社1999 36號）文件規定，對因病（含非因工緻殘）辦理提前退休（退職）人員，其基本養老金一律按國務院國發1998 26號文件規定的計發辦法和河北省的具體辦法計發。Money and goods obtained through the violation of administrative discipline, which should be confiscated, recovered, or ordered to return or compensate according to laws
（二）違反行政紀律取得的財物，依法應當沒收、追繳或者責令退賠的。Past experiences had also shown that when members of political parties were appointed to serve as principal officials, they resign from their respective parties
按照現行法律，行政長官不得?政黨中人。高官獲委任后，即使身為政黨中人，也選擇退黨。The third part of this paper starts from the present condition of chongqing venture capital, and it analyses the problems ( it primarily is that investment main - body is singularity, capital scale is little, the condition of policy and law is shortage and the exited channel is little ) existed in chongqing venture capital. the paper analyses the indispensability and feasibility of developing venture capital and clarifies that developing venture capital is important to solving capital shortage of chongqing high - tech industry, bringing up person with ability of chongqing high - tech industry and venture capital, assimilating social idle capital and solving employment problem. and it analyses that developing venture capital is feasible from some parts of economy circumstance, industry condition, person with ability market, government attitude and successful cases
文中第三部分從重慶創業投資發展的現狀出發，分析了重慶在發展創業投資中存在的問題（主要是投資主體單一、資金規模小、缺乏人才、完善的政策法律環境和通暢的退出渠道） ，並且指出重慶發展創業投資的必要性和可行性，闡明了在重慶現有的條件下發展創業投資對解決重慶市高新技術產業投資不足、培養重慶市高新技術產業人才和創業人才、吸收社會富餘閑散資金及解決勞動就業問題的重要作用，而且從經濟環境、產業條件、人才市場、政府態度、成功案例等幾個方面分析了重慶市發展創業投資是完全可行的。To serve a range of employment - related purposes, including appointment, integrity checking, postings and transfers, offerrenewalextension of agreement, incremental credit, training and career development, revision of terms or conditions of service, promotion, conduct and discipline, continuation in or removal from office, pensions, and provision of testimonials
供作多個與雇傭有關的用途，包括聘用、操守審查、派任及調職、提供續訂延長合約、遞加增薪、培訓及職業前途發展、修訂服務條款或條件、晉升、行?及紀律、留任或免職、退休金及發給評核證書。To serve a range of employment - related purposes, including appointment, integrity checking, postings and transfers, offer renewal extension of agreement, incremental credit, training and career development, revision of terms or conditions of service, promotion, conduct and discipline, continuation in or removal from office, pensions, and provision of testimonials
供作多個與雇傭有關的用途，包括聘用、操守審查、派任及調職、提供續訂延長合約、遞加增薪、培訓及職業前途發展、修訂服務條款或條件、晉升、行?及紀律、留任或免職、退休金及發給評核證書。Taxation rebate is a mechanism that entitles the enterprises or companies, based on the laws and regulations of a country, to get back some indirect tax from the government after exporting their products, value added tax and excise tax for example, so that they could sell their products in the international market at a more competitive price. generally, the mechanism is implemented in the hope that the export sales of the whole country would be improved, and the macro economic condition could be ameliorated as a result
出口退稅是指一個國家根據本國稅收法律的規定，對已經報關離境的出口商品，將其在出口前生產和流通各環節已經繳納的國內增值稅或消費稅等流轉間接稅的稅款退還給出口企業，使出口商品以不含稅的價格進入國際市場，從而促進該國的對外出口貿易，同時調節與控制經濟運行的做法。The conversion includes two constitutive elements, one is that the actor enters upon another ' s property wrongfully, the characteristic of which is to turn legal possession into wrongful ownership ; another is that the actor refuses to return and deliver another ' s property which he converts illegally
由此可見，合法持有他人財物既包含對行為人持有他人財物行為的具體要求，又包含對行為人持有他人財物行為的法律評價。侵佔行為的構成要素有兩個方面:一是非法佔有他人財物，其特點是變合法持有為非法所有，二是對非法佔有的他人財物拒不退還、拒不交出。Their cooperation conduced to the collection of arrears and unpaid tax, the imposition of tax upon unregistered taxpayers, the assessment and examination of tax refunding, the campaign against evasion, deceit and violence, and the maintenance of the right order for taxation and the collection of all the taxes stipulated in the law
這個合作使稅務部門在清理欠稅、清理漏管戶、審理出口退稅、打擊偷騙稅和暴力抗稅、維護稅收秩序等方面的工作比較順利地進行，從法律上保證了國家稅款應收盡收。Based on the study of strength degradation of material in the fatigue process, a strength degradation model is proposed. a stochastic differential equation, which controls strength degradation, is obtained from the model randomized by markov process. by using the theory of stochastic, the distributions of residual strength at any given lifetime and lifetime of any given residual strength are attained. under a few suitable hypotheses, inverse gaussian distribution of fatigue life is derived, and verified by means of experimental data. the result shows that the model and the method are reasonable
在研究疲勞過程中材料強度退化規律的基礎上，建立了一個強度退化模型.對其進行隨機化處理，得到控制強度退化過程的隨機微分方程.在一定假設條件下，獲得了剩餘強度概率密度函數的封閉解，並推導出疲勞壽命的反高斯分佈形式.給出一種考慮損傷狀態對隨機漲落影響的近似處理方法.與試驗數據的比較結果表明，本文的模型和方法是合理的Chapter four - this chapter introduces the functions of government authority such as accessing the appropriate tax on taxpayers ; defining ways to include taxes based on accounts and records ; explaining the calculation of tax based on valuations as well as discussing the concepts of legitimacy of tax notification, tax relief, tax refund, administrative remedy chapter five - this chapter examines the measures of collecting taxes and imposing interests, fines, tax preservation and tax execution when the taxpayers violate the tax law
第四章-本章介紹征稅機關確定稅捐債務的功能，例如徵收法定的金額、以會計制度為基礎的確定稅捐方法、基於指數方法評定稅收的方式以及討論課稅處分的法律效力、稅務減免、退稅、行政救濟的概念。第五章-本章探討稅務機關征稅權利的行使以及對納稅人違反稅法時課以過期利息、處罰、稅務保全及稅務執行的手段，並且討論稅務機關征稅權因5年法定期間屆滿而歸于消滅的問題。American astronomer edwin hubble in 1929 discovered that the recession rate of galaxies was directly proportional to their distance. this is what we call the hubble s law which defines that v h
美國天文學家哈勃於1929年發現星系退行速度與其距離存在著正比的關系，即所謂哈勃定律：退行速度v h分享友人