進化梯度 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [jìnhuàtīdù]
進化梯度 英文
evolutionary gradient
  • 進 : 進構詞成分。
  • 梯 : Ⅰ名詞1 （梯子; 樓梯） ladder; stairs; steps; staircase 2 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ形容詞（形狀像樓梯的...
  • 度 : 度動詞[書面語] （推測; 估計） surmise; estimate
  • 進化 : evolution
  1. At the same time, on the condition of different value of ph ( substrates : benzidine and a - naphthol ), catalytic reaction reveal distinct results as well

    接著進行了ph梯度實驗，發現不同ph條件下， dna和辣根過氧化物酶也表現不同之處。
  2. On the basis of foreign documents, the dissertation firstly describes the morphology, taxonomy, and biological characters of cochineal insects. then, by using artificial climate cases in the lab, according to orthogonal design, 8 lands of combinations of temperature, humidity and light is set, while the temperature has four levels : 15, 20, 25 and 30, and the relative humidity has two levels : 60 % and 80 %, while the light also has two levels : 980 lux and 60 lux. through observations and analysis of hatching percentage, survival percentage of the first instar and during from the second instar to the adult, the population tendency index, generation life cycle, size and eggs of female adult, the development of the cochineal under different conditions is studied

    在收集、整理國外對胭脂蟲的研究資料基礎上，首先從胭脂蟲的形態學、分類學、生物學特性入手，進而在實驗室內利用人工氣候箱，應用正交設計方法，設計了4種溫度、 2種濕度、 2種光照梯度的不同組合，通過測定胭脂蟲的孵化率、 1齡若蟲的存活率、 2齡若蟲至成蟲期存活率、種群趨勢指數、世代歷期、雌成蟲的大小、懷卵量等生物學指標，深入研究胭脂蟲在這些組合下的生長發育狀況，應用數理統計方法，分析出溫度、濕度和光照對各項生物學指標的影響，找出胭脂蟲適宜的室內培育條件，並為野外胭脂蟲的培育提供一定的理論依據。
  3. In chapter 2, the meteorological knowledge, data and the methods of the data processing, related to the study on the atmospheric loads, are simply presented. the model for the perfect gas constant, describes by the relative moisture, is developed. the influences of the variation in the vapor component in the atmosphere on the perfect gas constant are evaluated by using the changing characteristics of the temperature on the surface, its spatial gradient and the barometric pressure

    第二章：簡要介紹大氣負荷研究所需的氣象科學知識、資料及其數據處理方法；建立相對濕度表示的大氣比氣體常數模型，利用地面溫度和空間垂直溫度梯度、壓力變化的規律估算大氣水汽組分變化對比氣體常數的影響；對中國及鄰區的地面氣壓記錄進行了預處理和網格化
  4. As a result, in the paper, considering the altitudinal effect ( topography factor ) and the influence on the temperature lapse rate by topography and latitude and longitude and moisture transfer, the study on the daily surface air mean, max and min temperature in the reaches of yangtze rive is attempted by five models, which include the gaussian weighted model, the gaussian weighted model associated with the error - modification, the gradient plus inverse distance squared model and the modified gaussian weighted model a and b that take topography - factor into account

    本文考慮海拔高度和溫度直減率受地形和經、緯度及水汽等因素的影響，通過利用高斯權重法、結合逐步訂正的高斯權重法、梯度距離權重反比法和加入地形影響項（地形因子）的兩種改進高斯權重法的方案a 、 b ，對長江流域的地面日平均、最高和最低氣溫場進行了空間化插值研究。
  5. In the analysis of ecological relationship between vegetation and environment, we got 11 community types by combining twinspan with dca. the first axis of oca indicated the elevation level and heat gradient while the second axis indicated slope factor. the analysis shows that the resource of tourism in pangquan gully is abundant and the construction is rational

    第一軸基本上反映了各植物群落所在環境的海拔和熱量梯度，從左到右，海拔在體呈升高趨勢，熱量呈下降趨勢；第二軸基本反映了各植物群落所在的坡度梯度，從下到上呈良好的發展趨勢，從群落類型來看，各群落類型在排序圖上有規律地分佈，得出龐泉溝植被結構合理，分佈符合自然進化規律，龐泉溝生態旅遊資源未受到破壞，人為因素不明顯。
  6. It includes two aspects in content : one is the best choice for plane disposal of pipeline, and its methods follows as decision - making plot, simple trapeziform and optimizing trunkform etc ; the other one is optimizing pipe parameter when the plane disposal of pipeline has been fixed, and the methods of which are linear programming, unlinear programming, dynamic optimizing, direct optimizing, hereditary arithmetic and so on

    污水管網優化設計包括兩個方面的內容：一是管線平面布置的優化選擇；其方法有：決策圖法，簡約梯度法，優化樹法等。二是在管線平面布置已定情況下進行管道參數的優化；其方法有：線性規劃法，非線性規劃法，動態優化法，遺傳演算法，直接優化法等。
  7. Short - term optimal dispatch of cascaded hydropower stations based on improved ant algorithm

    基於改進螞蟻演算法的梯級水電站短期優化調度
  8. A soft sensor modeling algorithm based on improved fuzzy neural network is presented. the normalized average output membership functions are defined as fuzzy basis functions for defuzzification calculation. in order to improve the property of convergence, some parameters of the fuzzy neural network are trained by levenberg - marquardt algorithm, and the others are trained by gradient descent algorithm

    提出了一種改進的模糊神經網路軟測量建模方法，採用規則化的平均輸出隸屬度函數作為模糊基函數進行反模糊化運算；在訓練網路時，部分參數採用levenberg - marquardt演算法來訓練，另一部分採用一階梯度下降法。
  9. In order to promote the integrated efficiency of electric power generation of both stations, this thesis demonstrates the study on cooperating operation of the two - hydropower stations of cascade

    為了提高兩座電站的發電效益，論文對石泉、喜河兩個梯級電站進行聯合優化調度研究。
  10. Compared with the classical bp algorithm, robust adaptive bp algorithm possesses some advantages as following : ( 1 ) increasing the accuracy of the network training by means of using both the relative and absolute residual to adjust the weight values ; ( 2 ) improve the robustness and the network convergence rate through combining with the robust statistic technique by way of judging the values of the samples " relative residual to establish the energy function so that can suppress the effect on network training because of the samples with high noise disturbances ; ( 3 ) prevent entrapping into the local minima area and obtain the global optimal result owing to setting the learning rate to be the function of the errors and the error gradients when network is trained. the learning rate of the weights update change with the error values of the network adaptively so that can easily get rid of the disadvantage of the classical bp algorithm that is liable to entrap into the local minima areas

    與基本bp演算法相比，本文提出的魯棒自適應bp演算法具有以下優點： （ 1 ）與魯棒統計技術相結合，通過訓練樣本相對偏差的大小，確定不同訓練樣本對能量函數的貢獻，來抑制含高噪聲干擾樣本對網路訓練的不良影響，從而增強訓練的魯棒性，提高網路訓練的收斂速度； （ 2 ）採用相對偏差和絕對偏差兩種偏差形式對權值進行調整，提高了網路的訓練精度； （ 3 ）在採用梯度下降演算法對權值進行調整的基礎上，通過將學習速率設為訓練誤差及誤差梯度的特殊函數，使學習速率依賴于網路訓練時誤差瞬時的變化而自適應的改變，從而可以克服基本bp演算法容易陷入局部極小區域的弊端，使訓練過程能夠很快的「跳出」局部極小區域而達到全局最優。
  11. The numerical algorithm of solving the adjoint equations for different design cases have been developed by using finite volume methodology which is usually used to solve the flow governed equation. it includes the some important aspects, such as flux formulation, wall and far - field boundary treatment methodology, dissipative term formulation, etc. after the solution of the adjoint equations is obtained, the derivatives of the cost function with respect to all the design variables can be evaluated with the same operation. this can yields a significant saving over the other gradient - based techniques when there are many design variables

    （ 3 ）進行了應用控制理論和三維歐拉方程的機翼氣動反設計研究，以及有升力約束情形下機翼跨音速減阻問題研究，分別推導了相應的共軛方程及邊界條件數學表達形式，研究與發展了三維共軛方程的有限體積數值求解方法，及相應梯度公式的數值求解方法，通過對計算網格生成、流場計算、共軛方程數值求解、梯度求解和優化演算法等多方面的有效結合，成功發展了三維機翼的氣動反設計和跨音速減阻優化設計程序，成功地進行了多個設計算例研究。
  12. This method is of high reliability and efficiency. it ' s regarded the one of the best designing method nowadays. to choose the best parameter of frication piece and make sure that the cloth ' s mechanical function is the aim of friction piece ' s parameter priority

    為了圓滿解決上述兩個問題，本文採用廣義既約梯度法對摩擦片參數、變速器傳動比及變速器二軸六檔齒輪進行了優化設計，該演算法可靠性和效率都很高，是目前公認最為優秀的優化方法之一。
  13. Among hese method, one of the simplest is the deepest gradient descent algorithm, but it has one disadvantage that the solutions are oscillatory and slowly convergent. a friction term is ntroduced to avoid oscillatory solutions and raise convergence rate. the third major contribution of this dissertation is study on 3 - d diffuse object surface optical automatic measurement

    其次，結合要處理的具體問題，介紹數值優化及幾種常用的無約束最優化計算方法，以最優梯度法為基礎，討論其演算法的優缺點，通過引進阻尼系數，改進了演算法的收斂速度，從而提高迭代精度。
  14. In the algorithm level, currently various training algorithms of neural networks, including gradient algorithms, intelligent learning algorithms and hybrid algorithms, are comparatively studied ; the optimization principle of bp algorithm for neural networks training is analyzed in detail, and the reasons for serious disadvantages of bp algorithms are found out, moreover, the optimization principle of two kinds of improved bp algorithms is described in a uniform theoretic framework ; and the global optimization algorithms of neural networks, mainly genetic algorithm are expounded in detail, it follows that a improved genetic algorithm is proposed ; finally the training performances of various algorithms are compared based on a simulation experiment on a benchmark problem of neural network learning, furthermore, a viewpoint that genetic algorithm is subject to " curse of dimension " is proposed

    在演算法層，本文對目前用於神經網路訓練的各種演算法，包括梯度演算法、智能學習演算法和混合學習演算法進行了比較研究；對用於神經網路訓練的bp演算法的優化原理進行了詳細的理論分析，找到了bp演算法存在嚴重缺陷的原因，並對其兩類改進演算法-啟發式演算法和二次梯度演算法的優化原理，在統一的框架之下進行了詳盡的理論描述；對神經網路全局優化演算法主要是遺傳演算法進行了詳細的闡述，並在此基礎上，設計了一種性能改進的遺傳演算法；最後基於神經網路學習的benchmark問題對各種演算法在網路訓練中的應用性能進行了模擬研究，並提出了遺傳演算法受困於「維數災難」的觀點。
  15. In the summer stratified water column, the deeper the maximum depth of food distribution is, the stronger the dvm is performed ; the increase of the gradient of temperature in the thermocline layer can decrease the magnitude of the dvm and form the thermal barricade to the copepod ; the effects of the predation pressure on dvm is complex. on the one hand, the variations in the distribution depth of the predation pressure vs. the thermocline layer or the depth of the maximum food can modify the dvm patterns of the copepod. on the other hand, different predation pressure induces different dvm patterns

    在夏季分層水體中，食物的最大分佈深度越大，動物向下遷移的幅度也越大；溫躍層的溫度梯度增大可以減小動物遷移的幅度，成為橈足類垂直遷移的溫度屏障；捕食壓力對垂直遷移的影響較復雜，一方面，捕食壓力的分佈深度與溫躍層或食物峰值的相對位置的變化能夠改變橈足類垂直遷移的模式，另一方面，捕食壓力強度不同，橈足類垂直遷移的幅度也不同，捕食壓力越大，遷移的幅度越大，當捕食壓力增加到一定程度，橈足類停止向上的遷移，大部分時間呆在水體深層，可能進入捕食壓力引起的「滯育」狀態。
  16. Also, the author ’ s design strategy and creativity has been given in this paper. specifically, it includes : based on the feasibility analysis of the fit selection of control parameters in the aeration process, the aeration process of wastewater treatment of the joint - constructional complete - mixed activated sludge process has been aimed at in this paper. then, the state equations of the aeration process have been proposed in this paper, which is on the base of dissolved oxygen concentration ( do ) and discharge quantity of sludge ( qw ) as control variables, the concentration of bod and sludge as state variables. based on the present study on optimization control of wastewater treatment, the multivariable optimal control model with restriction factor has been presented in the paper with introducing modern control theory and system analysis into the field of activated sludge wastewater treatment,

    具體包括:以完全混合、表面曝氣合建式活性污泥工藝的污水處理曝氣過程為研究對象，在闡述了曝氣過程式控制制參數選取可行性的基礎上，建立了以溶解氧濃度do和活性污泥排放量qw為控制變量，以曝氣池中有機物濃度s和微生物濃度x為狀態變量的活性污泥曝氣過程的基本狀態方程;運用現代控制理論的觀點和污水處理理論，在現有關于污水處理最優控制問題研究的基礎上，建立了有約束條件多變量能耗最小數學模型，該數學模型是以有機物排放總量和狀態變量的末值條件作為約束條件，曝氣過程的能耗最小作為目標泛函;採用增廣拉格朗日乘子法對最優控制問題進行轉化，並對應用極大值原理求解能耗最小這一最優控制問題進行了詳細的解析;引入約束運算元，應用具有控制約束的共軛梯度演算法對能耗最小這一最優控制問題進行求解，並進行模擬實驗驗證。
  17. In this dissertation, mgo5 is introduced to form solid solution to restrain the decomposition of at in high temperature. then at is mixed with the al2o3, forming gradient composite to raise the integral intensity of the material and not affecting the thermal properties. the experimental results show that the additive mgo5 can effectively restrain the decomposition of at and promote the sinter process, which enhances the density of at

    本文在充分分析本領域國內外研究現狀的基礎上，首先通過引入添加劑鈦酸鎂（ m2t ） ，使其與鈦酸鋁形成固溶體，以達到抑制鈦酸鋁中溫分解的目的；再通過與強度高、氣密性好的氧化鋁進行梯度復合來提高整體材料的強度並能彌補鈦酸鋁滲透性能差，同時對材料的低熱膨脹性能影響不大。
  18. Based on the above analysis, the research topic of this paper has been focused on 5 parts as follows : 1 ) the algorithms and theory of temporal difference learning ; 2 ) gradient learning algorithms for solving markov decision problems with continuous state or action space ; 3 ) hybrid learning methods for solving markov decision problems ; 4 ) the applications of reinforcement learning in the path tracking problems of mobile robots ; 5 ) reactive navigation methods based on reinforcement learning for mobile robots in unknown environments

    在此基礎上，本文的研究工作主要從5個方面展開，即：時域差值學習演算法和理論；求解馬氏決策問題的梯度增強學習演算法；求解馬氏決策問題的進化-梯度混合學習演算法；增強學習在移動機器人路徑跟蹤控制器優化中的應用；基於增強學習的移動機器人反應式導航控制。
  19. This article emphatically discussed and analyzed following points : load command feed forward function can improve the rapid respond character of steam turbine generator ; lead of load command have advance control function on boiler main control and can highly improve the stability of main steam pressure ; the use of predict control and state space variable function can improve the quality of boiler steam temperature control effectively, control the steam temperature in the defined range and increase the boiler and turbine life and efficiency even if working state changed in a big range ; linear compensation can restrain the vibration of generator load in the condition of big loa d change

    本文重點討論、分析提出負荷指令前饋作用可以提高汽輪發電機快速響應特性；負荷指令的導前功能對鍋爐主控有超前控製作用，能顯著提高主蒸汽壓力的穩定性；採用預測及狀態空間法能有效改進鍋爐蒸汽溫度控製品質，在大幅度工況變化下仍有效控制蒸汽溫度在額定范圍內，提高鍋爐、汽輪機壽命及其效率；汽輪發電機組的快速響應性與汽輪發電機組負荷振蕩問題間的平衡關系，採用線性補償可以有效抑制在負荷變化梯度較大情況下發電機負荷振蕩問題。
  20. Studies were conducted to investigate the foraging guilds of winter birds in hangzhou across an urban gradient from november 2001 to january 2002, which includes different urbanization level habitats of building areas, woody patch areas and west mountain areas

    摘要從2001年11月到2002年1月，沿城市化梯度對杭州城市的建築區、城區斑塊林地、西部山區等不同城市化棲息地的鳥類取食集團進行了研究。
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