進水速率 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [jìnshuǐsùlǜ]
進水速率
英文
intake rate-
In this thesis, the development of emulsion polymerization theory and related new technologies are comprehensively reviewed, and the synthetic technologies of acrylate latex modified by organosilicon both at home and abroad are also reviewed. based on the current development and research in this field, attentions of this study are focused on three ways for preparing novel acrylate latexes modified by organosilicons, that is, 1 ) the acrylate monomers are copolymerized with unsaturated silicons by emulsion copolymerization ; 2 ) a new latex with microphase separation morphology is synthesized, which shows a core - shell structure character ; 3 ) soap - free polymerization is explored for preparing a higher - performance latex using an unsaturated silicon monomer, different acrylates and a reactive emulsifier. by using techniques of delaying addition of organosilicon monomer and a hydrolysis inhibitor, the hydrolysis and condensation of 3 - ( trimethoxysilyl ) propyl methacrylate during polymerization can be effectively prevented, as a result, organosilicon content in the macromolecular chain is increased
同時採用有機硅單體延遲滴加及添加水解抑制劑等技術，有效防止了-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷在乳液聚合過程中的過渡水解及縮合反應，提高了聚合物大分子鏈中有機硅鏈節的含量；利用紅外光譜與差示掃描量熱儀對產物分子結構進行了表徵，並通過對共聚產物力學和吸水率的測試，證實了本研究所制備的有機硅改性丙烯酸酯共聚物具有比純丙烯酸酯聚合物更優良的力學及耐水性能；從分子設計角度出發，利用醇解反應合成出水解、縮合反應速率較慢的兩種新型不飽和有機硅單體： ?甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷和?甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三異丙氧基硅烷；利用核磁共振對新型硅烷單體結構進行了證實；研究表明利用新型硅烷單體可以制備出高硅烷含量的有機硅改性丙烯酸酯乳液，且其聚合產物具有較高的力學及耐水性能。The error caused by the photoperiodic induction changes along with the initiatory and terminative radiation level. and the effect of photosynthetic oscillations should be emphasized in fast measurement of photosynthesis
在誘導期間（光誘導期或光合振蕩期）進行光合速率測定造成的誤差與葉片光環境變化前後的強度水平及光質有關。This is normally closely related to the rate of water loss by transpiration, and the potometer can be used to compare transpiration rates under different conditions
通常與由於蒸騰作用而喪失水分的速率緊密相關，蒸騰計可被用於在不同條件下進行蒸騰速率的比較。Abstract : soil incubation experiments were conducted in lab to delineate the effect of soil temperature and soil water content on soil respirations in broad - leaved / korean pine forest ( mountain dark brown forest soil ), dark coniferous forest ( mountain brown coniferous forest soil ) and erman ' s birch forest ( mountain soddy forest soil ) in changbai mountain in september 2001. the soil water content was adjusted to five different levels ( 9, 21, 30, 37 and 43 ) by adding certain amount of water into the soil cylinders, and the soil sample was incubated at 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35 for 24 h the results indicated that in broad - leaved / korean pine forest the soil respiration rate was positively correlated to soil temperature from 0 to 35. soil respiration rate increased with increase of soil water content within the limits of 21 to 37, while it decreased with soil water content when water content was over the range. the result suggested the interactive effects of temperature and water content on soil respiration. there were significant differences in soil respiration among the various forest types. the soil respiration rate was highest in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, middle in erman ' s birch forest and the lowest in dark coniferous forest. the optimal soil temperature and soil water content for soil respiration was 35 and 37 in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, 25 and 21 in dark coniferous forest, and 35 and 37 in erman ' s birch forest. because the forests of broad - leaved / korean pine, dark coniferous and erman ' s birch are distributed at different altitudes, the soil temperature had 4 - 5 variation in different forest types during the same period. thus, the soil respiration rates measured in brown pine mountain soil were lower than those in dark brown forest and those measured in mountain grass forest soil were higher than those in brown pine mountain soil
文摘:為了研究土壤溫度和土壤含水量對闊葉紅松林（山地暗棕壤） 、雲冷杉暗針葉林（山地棕針葉林土壤）和岳樺林（生草森林土）的土壤呼吸的影響，於2001年9月在長白山進行了土壤實驗.利用增加土壤樣柱的含水量，將土壤含水量分為9 ， 、 21 、 30 、 37和43 5個等級，土壤樣品分別在0 、 5 、 15 、 25和35的溫度下保持24小時.闊葉紅松林土壤在0 （ 35范圍內，土壤呼吸速率與溫度呈正相關.在一定的含水量范圍內（ 21 （ 37 ） ，土壤呼吸隨含水量的增加而升高，當含水量超出該范圍，土壤呼吸速率則隨含水量的變化而降低.土壤溫度和水分對土壤呼吸作用存在明顯的交互作用.不同森林類型土壤呼吸作用強弱存在顯著差異，大小順序為闊葉紅松林>岳樺林>雲冷杉暗針葉林.紅松闊葉林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是土壤溫度35 ，含水量37 ;雲冷杉暗針葉林下的山地棕色針葉土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是25 ， 21 ;岳樺林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是35 ，含水量37 .但是，由於長白山闊葉紅松林，雲冷杉林和岳樺林處在不同的海拔帶上，同期不同森林類型土壤溫度各不相同，相差4 ~ 5 ，所以野外所測的同期的山地棕色針葉林土呼吸速率應低於暗棕色森林土呼吸速率，山地生草森林土呼吸速率應高於山地棕色針葉林土的呼吸速率.圖2表1參25Soil incubation experiments were conducted in lab to delineate the effect of soil temperature and soil water content on soil respirations in broad - leaved / korean pine forest ( mountain dark brown forest soil ), dark coniferous forest ( mountain brown coniferous forest soil ) and ermans birch forest ( mountain soddy forest soil ) in changbai mountain in september 2001. the soil water content was adjusted to five different levels ( 9, 21, 30, 37 and 43 ) by adding certain amount of water into the soil cylinders, and the soil sample was incubated at 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35 for 24 h the results indicated that in broad - leaved / korean pine forest the soil respiration rate was positively correlated to soil temperature from 0 to 35. soil respiration rate increased with increase of soil water content within the limits of 21 to 37, while it decreased with soil water content when water content was over the range. the result suggested the interactive effects of temperature and water content on soil respiration. there were significant differences in soil respiration among the various forest types. the soil respiration rate was highest in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, middle in ermans birch forest and the lowest in dark coniferous forest. the optimal soil temperature and soil water content for soil respiration was 35 and 37 in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, 25 and 21 in dark coniferous forest, and 35 and 37 in ermans birch forest. because the forests of broad - leaved / korean pine, dark coniferous and ermans birch are distributed at different altitudes, the soil temperature had 4 - 5 variation in different forest types during the same period. thus, the soil respiration rates measured in brown pine mountain soil were lower than those in dark brown forest and those measured in mountain grass forest soil were higher than those in brown pine mountain soil
為了研究土壤溫度和土壤含水量對闊葉紅松林（山地暗棕壤） 、雲冷杉暗針葉林（山地棕針葉林土壤）和岳樺林（生草森林土）的土壤呼吸的影響，於2001年9月在長白山進行了土壤實驗.利用增加土壤樣柱的含水量，將土壤含水量分為9 ， 、 21 、 30 、 37和43 5個等級，土壤樣品分別在0 、 5 、 15 、 25和35的溫度下保持24小時.闊葉紅松林土壤在0 （ 35范圍內，土壤呼吸速率與溫度呈正相關.在一定的含水量范圍內（ 21 （ 37 ） ，土壤呼吸隨含水量的增加而升高，當含水量超出該范圍，土壤呼吸速率則隨含水量的變化而降低.土壤溫度和水分對土壤呼吸作用存在明顯的交互作用.不同森林類型土壤呼吸作用強弱存在顯著差異，大小順序為闊葉紅松林>岳樺林>雲冷杉暗針葉林.紅松闊葉林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是土壤溫度35 ，含水量37 ;雲冷杉暗針葉林下的山地棕色針葉土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是25 ， 21 ;岳樺林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是35 ，含水量37 .但是，由於長白山闊葉紅松林，雲冷杉林和岳樺林處在不同的海拔帶上，同期不同森林類型土壤溫度各不相同，相差4 ~ 5 ，所以野外所測的同期的山地棕色針葉林土呼吸速率應低於暗棕色森林土呼吸速率，山地生草森林土呼吸速率應高於山地棕色針葉林土的呼吸速率.圖2表1參25The application of the software hardware advanced techniques, such as an algorithm for continuously outputting high - rate gps position data, voice data trucking system ( vdt ), a new gps ( avl ) system framework, an up - to - date mutual communication method and so on, enlarges the system capacity and the covering area, realizes the voice data transmitting in the present mobile communication channel, meets the need of kinetic positioning. in a word, it enhances the capability of management and decision
系統中gps定位數據的高速率連續輸出演算法、話音數據集群（ vdt ） 、新的gps車輛系統結構和全新的通信交互手段等先進技術的採用，人人提高了系統的容量和覆蓋面積，實現了在現有移動通信通道上數話兼容、高動態定位的需求，使科學管理和決策水平得到很大提高。This paper investigates the types of acrylic modified solvent ( methyl and dimethyl benzene ), the usage of acrylic acid, the usage of initiator, esterification time, and preliminarily tests the dehydration rate of modified demulsifier
摘要對丙烯酸改性溶劑的種類（甲苯和二甲苯） 、丙烯酸的用量、引發劑的用量以及酯化時間進行考察，並針對改性后的破乳劑的脫水速度和脫水率進行了初步的檢測。Under normal water and drought condition mosuchun can raise photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency ( wue )
正常和乾旱條件下摩素淳能明顯提高光合速率和水分利用效率，促進有機物質的積累。The basin - formed mechanism, evolution model and petroliferous geological features of compresso - shear basins in the world are analyzed, by which six aspects of the features are summarized as follows : 1 ) in the compresso - shear process, the sedimentary speed of basin is high, forming thicker coarse - grained clastic rocks which normally shape good petroleum reservoir ; 2 ) the source rocks of basin tend to coming from the organic matter - enriched rocks formed in pre - compresso - shear stages, except that in intense compresso - shear process, deep water - semi deep water source rocks are possibly developed in pre - compresso - shear stages, e4xcept that in intense compresso - shear process, deep water - semi deep water source rocks are possibly developed in frontal of deep depression ( fore deep ) of thrust belt ; 3 ) the en echelon folds ( including anticline and fault - nose structure ) are generally as good oil traps ; 4 ) the compresso - shear process is helpful to hydrocarbon accumulation ; 5 ) it may promote the maturity and hydrocarbon - generating process of organic matte, and 6 ) the thrust belts in the surrounding areas of compresso - shear basin are favorable are favorable domains for petroleum concentration
摘要通過對世界上壓扭性盆地的成盆機制、演化模式和油氣地質特點分析，總結壓扭性盆地具有6個方面的石油地質特徵：壓扭作用期間盆地的沉積速率較高，一般形成較厚的粗碎屑沉積，它們常構成很好的油氣儲集層：盆地的烴源巖往住來自於前壓扭期砂成的富含有機質的巖石，但在強烈的壓扭作用期間，在沖斷帶的前緣深坳陷（前淵）中有可能發育深水半深水相的烴源巖；壓扭（張扭）作用期間形成的雁行式褶皺（包括背斜和斷鼻等）往住是很好的油氣圈閉；壓扭作用易於成藏；壓扭作用可以促進有機質的成熟生烴作用；壓扭性盆地的周邊沖斷帶是油氣賦存的有利部位。Therefore, the safety of bulk carrier is widely concerned ; the theory of insubmersibility is followed by the introductions of domestic and international regulations, solutions, rules and requirements on the floodability ; introduced are the conditions of hold in flooded condition, and provided are the calculation methodology of the stability and buoyancy when flooding. the concept of cargo permeability is concretely defined, and the calculation methods of the amount of flooding waters are executed ; the application of the influence numbers simplify the calculation of the still water bending moment and shearing force in flooded conditions. a new method to calculate the maximum still water bending moment and shearing force is developed by means of the influence numbers ; the simulation system provides a means of evaluation and forecast on ship ' s danger extent after ship is damaged
在抗沉性公式的推導過程中採用一些假設，並分析了這些假設對結果的影響；然後介紹了船舶強度的概念和計算方法，鑒于現有的剪力彎矩計算方法工作量大、效率不高的缺點，引用影響數計算船舶進水后的剪力和彎矩；最後根據船舶抗沉性理論對散貨船破艙進水進行模擬，在模擬中根據船舶破艙的實際危險情況，採用直觀的圖形輸入的辦法，判斷船舶的危險程度並計算船舶到達危險狀態的時間以助於船長做出正確快速的決策。Thermodynamic analysis on wet compression process is done in this thesis and studies are done on ideal wet compression process, actual wet compression process, water droplet evaporative rate, wet compression work, inlet evaporative cooling, wet compression efficiencies and water droplet breaking. and thermodynamic model of wet compression process is established, which gives out rules of and methods to calculate wet compression parameters
本文從熱力學的角度對濕壓縮過程進行了分析，分別對理想濕壓縮過程、實際濕壓縮過程、水滴的蒸發速率、濕壓縮功、進氣蒸發冷卻、濕壓縮效率和水滴的破碎等進行了研究，建立了濕壓縮過程的熱力學模型，給出了濕壓縮過程狀態參數的變化規律和計算方法。While speaking highly of railway ' s achievement since the 16th cpc national congress, chairman jia noted that the chinese people have built the world ' s top - notch qtr line while relying on our own strength, and chinese railway people have developed and manufactured 200km / h and 300km / h emu trains and high horse - power locomotives through introduction, digestion, absorption and re - innovation, thus making a major contribution to the building of an innovation - oriented country
他對黨的十六大以來鐵路工作取得的成績給予充分肯定，指出，中國人依靠自己的力量，建設了具有世界一流水平的青藏鐵路；通過引進消化吸收再創新，設計製造了達到世界先進水平的時速200公里、 300公里動車組和大功率機車，中國鐵路為建設創新型國家作出了巨大貢獻。It is indicated that the hydration process of cement - based materials with slag, fly ash and silica fume is different in some degree from that of neat cement because of the difference in mineral structure and hydration mechanism. the periods of accelerating, decelerating and terminating are prolonged and hydration reaction decelerates. the second peak of rate curve of the heat evolution could be divided into two small peaks, which are contributed to the hydration of clinkers and mineral mixtures at the temperature of 30 but when temperature comes to 50, the two small peaks combine into one and the reaction accelerates
結果表明，與硅酸鹽水泥相比，由於礦物摻合料與水泥熟料在活性和水化機理上的差異，水化歷程有較大的改變：多組分體系誘導期、加速期和衰減期延長，水化反應速率明顯降低；低溫時，水化放熱速率曲線上的第二放熱峰細化成分別對應于熟料和礦物摻合料水化的兩個小峰；高溫時，反應速率加快，雙峰合併；進一步研究發現，摻合料的種類與摻量對水化歷程也有較大的影響；建立了適用於多組分水泥基材料不同水化階段的水化動力學方程。Thermal stress control system actually gather the real - time data of unit sets ， compute temperature fields ， stress fields and maximum dangerous stress by the math modal ， decide target and speedup rotation in every stage of startup process ， and justify automatically to realize auto control a serial of processes of turbine ， such as speedup ， warm - up ， connecting net ， load changing ， stop and unsteady condition etc ， and improve automatic level of the unit sets. turbine auto startup ( tas ) system can automatically evaluate steam turbine ' s startup and load changing process according to thermal stress of
熱應力控制系統實際是對機組運行參數進行實時採集與監控，通過數學模型實時地計算高、中壓缸轉子的溫度場、應力場分佈，以及最危險熱應力，以確定啟動過程各階段的目標轉數及升速率，並進行自動調整，實現機組沖轉、升速、暖機、並網、升負荷、停機以及異常工況下的自動控制，大大提高了機組的自動化水平。Under the condition of different soil humidity and measuring time, a series of ecophysiological indexes, such as net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, the flow of water, atmospheric temperature, relative humidity, photosynthetic available radiation, and hydraulic conductivity are measured in order to find the factors which cause robinia xylem embolism
摘要在不同的土壤水分含量和不同的測定時間條件下，對刺槐的一系列生理生態指標：凈光合速率、氣孔導度、蒸騰速率、水勢、大氣溫度、相對濕度、光合有效輻射以及導水率進行測定，探求刺槐木質部發生栓塞的影響因子。Studies have been made shown that under water stress, not only root weight, root specific surface area, root - shoot ratio, root growing potential, root water potential, root vessel diameter, etc which express the indexes of wheat root morphology and architecture have significantly changed, but also bleeding sap, root respiratory rate, root plasma membrane permeability, plasmalemma peroxide level, root protective enzymes and its isoenzymes etc which express root physiological indexes have changed correspondingly
過去進行的研究表明，乾旱脅迫條件下，不僅表達小麥根系形態和構型建成指標的根系數量、根系比表面積、根冠比、根生長勢、根水勢、根導管直徑等發生顯著變化，而且表達根系生理指標的傷流液、根呼吸速率、根系質膜透性、膜脂過氧化水平、保護酶及其同工酶等也發生相應改變。We analyzed the alternative in functional phenotypic plasticity responding to variational entironments, consequently, we interpreted the difference between endangerment and wide - distribution of these closely related species, and the results showed : 1 all of the daily changes of photosynthetic rate responding to different water status show " double apices " except m. d, the daily changes of photosynthetic rate in m. d shows " simple apices " responding to arid soil water content, while " double apices " responding to the other soil water content. emerging time of daily maxim of pn is difference between species and between treatments. daily course of transpiration and stomatal conductance of these for species all show " double apices ", but the emerging time of daily maxim of transpiration rate and stomatal conductance rate are all different between species
結果表明： 1 、除小魚仙草外，四物種的光合速率日變化在不同水分梯度下均表現出「雙峰型」 ，小魚仙草的光合速率日變化在於旱時表現出「單峰型」 ，其餘水分梯度下表現出「雙峰型」 ，種間和梯度間日最大光合速率出現時間有一定的差異；四物種蒸騰速率和氣孔傳導力日進程也表現出「雙峰型」 ，但種間日最大氣孔傳導力和蒸騰速率出現的時間也存在一定的差異。Field and potted trials were adopted. drought adaptive characteristics were tested mainly on dehydration resistance ( dre ) of detached branchs and transpiration rate ( tr ). a new method called turning point ( tp ) was suggested
試驗在呼和浩特進行，以駝絨藜屬植物為主要研究對象，採用大田試驗和盆栽試驗法，主要從離體枝的脫水速率和葉片蒸騰速率兩個方面探討了耐旱性反應或特徵。Pavlova viridis, isochrysis zhanjiangensis and isochrysis galbana 3011 were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen using encapsulation - dehydration. algal cells in early stationary phase were encapsulated in 3 % ca - alginate beads with 30 nacl, 2 million cells in one bead. beads were desiccated with silica gel then directly immersed in liquid nitrogen. the cell viability after warming was evaluated by chlorophyll content. the main factors influencing the cell viability, such as water content of beads, dehydration rate, dehydration procedure, preculture and recovery methods after thawing were studied. the results are as follows : 1
本文以綠色巴夫藻（ pavlovaviridis ） 、湛江等鞭金藻（ isochrysiszhanjiangensis ）和球等鞭金藻（ isochrysisgalbana3011 ）等三種餌料金藻為試驗材料，用包埋脫水法進行冰凍保存。選擇靜止初期的藻細胞包埋在含有30氯化鈉的3 %的褐藻酸鈣膠球中，細胞負載約200萬個細胞/膠球，經過硅膠吸濕法脫水后，探討了膠球含水量、脫水速率、脫水程序、預培養以及化凍后恢復方法對冰凍保存存活率的影響。Thirdly, this paper compared the different responses of plants to these two stresses, the change of the defensive enzyme activity and the rate of losing water of leaves was different at two different stresses. the rate of losing water of leaves at drought stress was more rapid than that at salt stress, the leaves would wither and the change of activity of enzymes notably at drought stress, these results showed that the damage to plants was result from the oxidation at drought stress. at salt stress, the content of relative water of leaves changed slightly as well as did the activity of enzymes, these results showed that the damage to plants was caused by poison of ion and lack of nutrition
三、通過研究兩種冰草植物對兩種脅迫的反應指出乾旱脅迫和鹽脅迫通過不同的途徑對植物進行傷害，主要表現在葉片的失水速率和保護酶活性的變化，乾旱脅迫短時間內葉片失水速率很快，葉片萎蔫，引起保護酶活性顯著變化，表明乾旱脅迫主要是通過氧化脅迫對植株造成傷害，而鹽脅迫下葉片相對含水量幾乎保持不變，表明鹽脅迫對植物的傷害主要通過離子毒害和營養虧缺造成。分享友人