集權主義 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [jíquánzhǔyì]
集權主義
英文
totalitarianism-
In an authoritarian system anyone who wants to remain part of the leadership inevitably stumbles into fields of force where political battles are in progress.
在一個極權主義的制度下，誰要想呆在領導集團里，誰就不可避免地會捲入到勾心鬥角的政治傾軋中去。It is no accident that the twentieth century should be the century of highly centralized governments and totalitarian dictatorships.
20世紀應當是高度集權的政府的世紀，是集權主義專政的世紀，這決非偶然的事情。It is no accident that the twentieth century should be the century of highly centralized governments and totalitarian dictatorship.
20世紀應當是高度集權的政府的世紀，是集權主義獨裁政治的世紀，這決非偶然的事情。Had he been a socialist, he might have nationalized the banks and set the country upon the road toward extreme collectivism.
如果他是個社會主義者，他也許已經把銀行國有化，並把該國引上極端集權主義的道路了。It includes : the dauntless revolutionary spirit with perseverance ; the challenging spirit of opposing doctrinism ; the self - reliance spirit with self - confidence, self - improvement and self - supporting ; the people - oriented spirit of serving the people heart and soul ; and the spirit of collectivism and socialism
它具體包括以下的內容：一，堅韌不拔、不屈不撓的大無畏的斗爭精神；二，不唯書、不唯外、不唯權威的反教條主義精神；三，自信、自強、自立的自力更生的精神；四，全心全意為人民服務、以人民為「本位」 、以人民為「主體」的精神；五，集體主義、社會主義精神。Part iiilegal issues upon the reform of toll and tax in countryside this part is concentrated to show six problems that the reform of toll and tax in countryside is to be up against and is to be peremptorily settled as following : the first one, in the confirming of agricultural tax, it is very difficult to protect the farmer ' s rights fairly because of unscientific of the evidence at assessment, highly of tax rate, and the absence of law and statute correlatively ; the second one, on the tax levying, there lack of legal systems that is to supervise and run, especially lack of law and statute which lead to collect agricultural special tax canonically ; the third one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside extrudes unbalance burden among farmers and countries, and lead to unevenly between subject of tax payment, which breaches the legal rule of balanceable tax ; the fourth one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside faces the danger that farmers " burden tends to rebound because of weakly carry through legal rule on tax statutory and absent of law and statute correlatively ; the fifth one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside affects the finance and revenue - expenditure auditing of the grass roots and father affects the grass roots to raise fee upon public construction and education, as a result, there ' s more charge that is out of law, the monocracy of grass roots " finance ought to be carry out ; the sixth one, legal measures connect with the reform of toll and tax in countryside in dire need of to be built, which mainly conclude legal system that adjust country social security, country compulsory education and country debt
第三部分? ?農村稅費改革的法律課題集中展示了農村稅費改革所面臨且亟待解決的六大法律問題。即：其一，在確定農業稅上，計稅依據不科學、稅率偏高、相關法律規范缺失，無法平等保護農民的合法權益；其二，在農村稅收的徵收上，缺乏行之有效的法律監督和運行機制，尤其是農業特產稅的徵收缺乏保障據實徵收的法律規范;其三，稅費改革凸顯農民之間、農村之間的負擔不均，使納稅主體的權利義務失衡，有悖稅負均衡的法律原則;其四，由於稅收法定主義沒有得到有效貫徹，規制農民負擔反彈方面的法律法規缺位，致使農村稅費改革潛伏著農民負擔反彈的風險;其五，稅費改革影響基層組織的財政收支，進而影響鄉村公益事業建設及教育經費的籌措，引發稅外亂收費沉渣泛起，基層財政體製法治化勢在必行;其六，與稅費改革相關的配套法律措施巫待構建，主要是農村社會保障法律體系、鄉村義務教育和鄉村債務疏導的法律支撐魚待構建與完善。第四部分一一農村稅費改革與相關法律制度的構建基於上一部分提出的法律問題，力圖構築農村稅費改革的法律框架並提出相應對策。Over the years from 1926 - 1935 and under the influence of the highly developed centralization, the personality cult and the theory of " socialism could be built into within one nation " in the soviet communist party ( or the bolshevik party ), the communist international ( or the comintern ) had become increasingly centralized in organization and inclined towards " left " in politics and had come to be a tool for pursuing soviet union ' s foreign policy
1926 - 1935年間，共產國際受聯共（布）黨內高度集權、個人崇拜及「一國建成社會主義」理論的影響，組織上日益集權、政治路線日益「左」傾同時，逐步淪為推行蘇聯外交政策的工具。Within parts of the developing world, resentments against the developed world have fed an ideological sullen solidarity of shortsightedness focused on objectives such as confiscation of wealth, obligatory and non - economic transfers of technology, statist principles, strangling regulation of capital, and protectionism
發展中世界的一些國家對發達世界的怨恨導致了一種意識形態上的灰暗的短淺目光，著眼點放在沒收財富、強制性和非經濟手段的技術轉讓，實行國家集權原則，對資本的扼殺性控制以及保護主義。This study mainly focuses on the rights and obligations between the government and tax bearers. research is based on the documentary materials and information resources concerning the tax theory in germany and japan. with these supportive information and by laying special emphasis on the operation and the administrative procedures on practical cases under the existing macao tax law, a thorough exploration and analysis is made
本文的研究范圍集中在稅務行政機關與納稅義務人之間的權利義務關繫上，論文的研究方法是以文獻分析法為主，搜集德國和日本稅法學說的資料，進行詳細的探討及分析，並用以檢視有關澳門現行稅法在實務中的運作問題。In adversary system or verhandlungsmaxime, the parties have the right to control evidence collection
當事人主義承認了當事人對證據收集的支配權。The eminent dutch management researcher, greet hofstede, made investigations twice for ibm corporation. he classified four major dimensions in work - related value by means of a statistic analysis of the data collected. basing on hofstede ' s theories and by comparing with those of other researchers, we can possibly identify some of the major dimensions along which cultures differ
荷蘭著名的管理研究學者霍夫斯泰德（ greethofstede ）為美國通用機器公司（ ibm ）主持的調查共進行了兩次，對搜集的資料進行統計分析，最後分離出價值觀念對比的四個尺度，根據hofstede提出的理論並比較其他學者的成果，得出以下四個重要的對比尺度，即個人主義?集體主義，對權力距離的態度，對不確定因素的迴避程度，以及成就?關系。Under the drive of this kind of benefits, each local government, profession section and several big business enterprises abuse the administrative power, limiting or expelling the fair competition. numerous business enterprises feel it difficult to speak their minds or dare not speak out. thus, the rights of consumers are injured hardly, the development of national economy loses its balance seriously, which of course destroys the establishment and perfection of a unified big market
壟斷的理由多種多樣，五花八門，但究其動力來說，就是追求直接或間接的經濟利益，在這種利益驅動下，各地方政府、各行業部門以及各個規模龐大的企業集團濫用自己的地位與權力，限制和排除公平競爭，不僅使眾多企業有口難言，更是嚴重侵害了消費者的利益，破壞了社會主義市場經濟的聲譽，造成國家經濟發展的嚴重失衡，損害了統一大市場的建立與完善。The essence of the party in power is that the party gives political leadership to state power. this is scientific orientation for the relationship between the party and the government in contemporary china
長期以來，社會主義各國普遍存在的黨政不分、以黨代政、權力過分集中的領導體制實質上是把黨混同於國家政權組織，把黨政之間的政治領導關系變成了組織上的上下級關系。But in the struggle of anti - scattering and anti - locality, the centralized leading of the party goes to the extreme - from strengthening unitary to high centralization of state, even shows the phenomena of vital confuse between the party and the government, replacing the government by the party and excessive centralizing power
但在反分散主義和反地方主義的斗爭中，黨的一元化領導走向了極端，由加強集中統一走向高度集權，甚至出現「文革」時期嚴重的黨政不分、以黨代政、權力過分集中的情況。Their functions include looking into public affairs and welfare in rural villages, mediating disputes among local residents, helping maintain public order, supporting and organizing villagers in improving production, providing service and coordination for production, managing land and other properties collectively owned by villagers in accordance with law, protecting the legal property rights and other rights and interests of collective economic organizations, villagers, contractors and associates, organizing various activities to promote socialist cultural and ethical progress, assisting town ( township ) people ' s governments in their work, and voicing opinions and demands on behalf of the villagers and putting forward proposals
它負責辦理本村的公共事務和公益事業，調解民間糾紛，協助維護社會治安；支持和組織村民發展生產，承擔本村生產的服務和協調工作；依法管理本村屬于農民集體所有的土地和其他財產，維護集體經濟組織和村民、承包經營戶和聯戶的合法的財產權和其他合法的權益；開展多種形式的社會主義精神文明建設活動；協助鄉（鎮）人民政府開展工作，向人民政府反映村民的意見、要求，並提出建議。With the development of globalization and china ' s enter into wto, group enterprises will play important role in the approaching of our national economy to the world economy improving international market competence and strengthening national economy power. financial management system is a system trying to set the financial rights responsibility and benefit among the various financial management class. its core is how to allocate the financial power and solve the " cost " and " profit " of centralization and decentralization between mother enterprises and its affiliated enterprises. how to build a financial management system which is suitable for the enterprises group and make it operate effectively is a significant task concerning the survival and development to enterprises group
隨著全球經濟一體化的加快推進和我國加入wto ，企業集團這種經濟聯合體形式對我國經濟走向世界、增強國際市場競爭力、提高國家綜合經濟實力將產生重要作用。企業集團財務管理體制是明確各財務管理層級的財務權限、責任和利益的制度，其核心是如何配置財務管理權限，主要是解決母子公司之間集權與分權的「成本」和「利益」的最優度的確定問題。構建適應企業集團發展需要的財務管理體制，使之有效運行，對企業集團的生存與發展具有重大意義。Be opposite this of 1992 cloth " labor law " revise share 44, new after revising " labor law " have the following characteristic : suited to build the real case that realizes formal diversity with the adjustment that develops structure of system of socialist market economy, economy, state ownership already, highlight again was aimed at increasingly complex and changeful working relationship ; the maintenance that highlighted labour union function, made clear workers congress system and collective contract system shift of power of these two main thought, aggrandizement labour union organizes construction, organize broad worker in labour union to provided legal basis and safeguard for utmost ground ; increased the protective strength to labour union cadre, aggrandizement specific safeguard, make labour union cadre ok more the function that fulfils his duty to fulfill labour union responsibly ; protected labour union to produce bridge and bond effect better, fulfilled labour union to share politics, economy, culture and the approach that the society lives, made clear the essential mechanism that labor of labour union mediate concerns ; those who made clear union funds capture range, aggrandizement of union funds capture strength, ensured labour union to organize the necessary material base that develops function of labour union of activity, implementation lawfully ; set legal liability, made clear the punishment to violating principal part, enhanced law to deter force
這次對1992布的《工會法》的修改共有四十四條，新修改後的《工會法》有以下特點：既適應了建立和發展社會主義市場經濟體制、經濟結構的調整、公有制實現形式多元化的實際情況，又突出針對了日益復雜多變的勞動關系；突出了工會的維護職能，明確了職工代表大會制度和集體合同制度這兩個主要維權手段，強化了工會組織建設，為最大限度地把廣大職工組織到工會中來提供了法律依據和保障；加大了對工會幹部的保護力度，強化了具體保護措施，使工會幹部可以更加盡職盡責地履行工會的職能；更好地保護了工會發揮橋梁和紐帶作用，落實了工會參與政治、經濟、文化和社會生活的途徑，明確了工會調處勞動關系的根本機制；明確了工會經費的收繳范圍，強化了工會經費的收繳力度，保障了工會組織依法開展活動、實現工會職能的必要物質基礎；規定了法律責任，明確了對違法主體的處罰，增強了法律威懾力。Rural people s communes, agricultural producers co - operatives, and other forms of co - operative economy such as producers supply and marketing, credit and consumers co - operatives, belong to the sector of socialist economy under collective ownership by the working people
第八條農村人民公社農業生產合作社和其他生產供銷信用消費等各種形式的合作經濟，是社會主義勞動群眾集體所有制經濟。參加農村集體經濟組織的勞動者，有權在法律規定的范圍內經營自留地自留山家庭副業和飼養自留畜。Time : how important is party discipline and loyalty ? is there a danger of totalitarianism, or a cult of personality around you
時代：黨的紀律和對它的忠誠有多重要？會否出現集/權主義，或是對你個人的崇拜？This essay is an analysis on the absence of female consciousness of " the merchant ' s tale " in chaucer ' s canterbury tales by using one of irigaray ' s feminist arguments
摘要本文通過運用艾芮格瑞的女權主義理論來分析了喬叟《坎特伯雷故事集》中《商人的故事》里女性意識的缺席。分享友人