難度總和 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [nándùzǒnghé]
難度總和 英文
total of degrees of difficulty
  • 難 : 難Ⅰ形容詞1 （做起來費事的） difficult; hard; troublesome 2 （不容易; 不大可能） hardly possible 3...
  • 度 : 度動詞[書面語] （推測; 估計） surmise; estimate
  • 總 : Ⅰ動詞（總括; 匯集） assemble; gather; put together; sum up Ⅱ形容詞1 （全部的; 全面的） general; o...
  • 和 : 和動詞（在粉狀物中加液體攪拌或揉弄使有黏性） mix （powder） with water, etc. : 和點兒灰泥 prepare some plaster
  • 難度 : degree of difficulty; difficulty
  1. The thesis has summarized the development of the oblique - pull bridge, its construction technology and the importance of bridge construction control, then has introduced project general situation, and has narrated detailed regulation, organization construction, the major work and difficult part of this bridge construction control. the following is the key part of this thesis, firstly, it has introduced the experiment work of early stage, structural calculation and its theoretical result : the absolute altitude of each operating mode, the absolute altitude of building mould in each section and the absolute altitude after pouring concrete ; then, it has discussed the method and content of the line shape control of the main beam, actual absolute altitude of building mould is put forward, and it has described the method of structural stress monitoring, how to arrange measure point and collect data, and how to analyze data. it has also narrated the method of rope force detection and structural temperature inspection

    本論文在總結了斜拉橋的發展及其施工工藝，並指出了橋梁施工控制的重要性之後，簡要的介紹了工程概況，敘述了炳草崗金沙江大橋監控細則、組織機構及監控的主要工作和難點部分；論文的核心部分，在介紹了炳草崗金沙江大橋施工控制與監測工作的前期實驗工作和施工各工況標高、各節段支模標高、澆注混凝土后的標高的結構計算和其理論計算結果之後，詳細論述了主梁的標高線形控制方法和內容，實際支模標高的提出，結構應力監控的方法、布點、測讀及其對測讀數據的合理分析方法，索力檢測和結構溫度監測的方法。
  2. In view of bearing capacity of the elastoplastic theory analysis, the author made a comparison between the achieved bearing capacity limit load pi / 4 of round base ( space problem ) and the limit load pi / 4 of bar groundwork foundation design ( plane problem ) from soil mechanics at home and abroad as well as foundation criterion, and explained why the value of formula in present design criterion from soil mechanics is inclined to be conservative. in the light of the author ' s many years experience of vibration test on the spot and the research work of relevant projects, the author worked over the dynamic pile testing of the bearing capacity of foundation and batholith, and gathered the parameter of dynamic analysis and testing. the author also talked over the difficult point of pile foundation design criteria in present batholith engineering world, i. e. the confirmation of batholith bearing capacity of pile end, from the following aspects : a ) confirmation of single axis counter - pressure strength of rock in house ; b ) f. e. m calculation of elastoplastic model ; c ) calculation of soil mechanics ; d ) deep well load test

    然後，對巖土工程領域至今尚未解決，甚至不為人注意的考慮地基變形的地基承載力問題進行了實用化的探討，提出了考慮地基變形的地基承載力上程計算方法；對基於彈塑性理論分析的地基承載力國內尚未見報道的空間問題得到了圓形基礎（空間問題）的承載力界限荷載p _ （ 1 / 4 ） ，並與國內外土力學專著及地基基礎設計規范中的條形基礎（平面問題）的界限荷載p _ （ 1 / 4 ） ，進行了對比，從而定量上解釋了目前設計規范引用土力學承載力公式值偏於保守的這一情況；根據本文作者多年從事現場地基工程振動試驗及相關課題的研究工作，本文以截頭錐模型模擬地基，對地基（巖基）承載力的動測法進行了研究，為各類地基（包括巖基） ，匯總了動力分析和檢測川的參數：針對日前巖土工程界應用樁基設計規范中的難點? ?樁端巖基承載力的確定問題，從巖石室內單軸抗壓強度確定、基於彈塑性模型的有限單元法計算、土力學計算及深斤載荷試驗四方面進行了深入討論；本文作者根據多年現場載荷試驗的工程實踐，對深井荷試驗裝置的核心部分? ?反力裝置，設計了側壁支撐反力加載系統，該加載系統具有實用、簡便、穩定及安個等優點。
  3. Individual income distribution should base on action value, namely the difficulty of having certain effect ion and risk of action or position, then constitute a reasonable standard and modify the budget income according to personal action of practical performance and efficiency

    個人收益分配應以行為價值即獲取某效用的難度、行為或崗位的責任風險等為基礎，制定合理的標準並依據總體和個人實際績效表現對預算收入進行升降調整。
  4. The calculation methods of shelters ’ capacity and the discount method of road capacity under the situation of emergency evacuation were given. then, taking emergency evacuation of the beijing 2008 olympic games as an example, we make out the emergency evacuation preplan for olympic games. on the aid of the advanced computer system simulation techniques, using emergency evacuation simulation software to animate the whole process of olympic evacuation for the fist time, and got some key parameters that can provide decision making supports for decision - makers, such as, the whole evacuation time, the average evacuation speed etc. and the simulation results were analyzed

    本文首先分析了我國大城市的交通狀況和突發事件發生狀況，在分析國內外應急疏散研究現狀的基礎上，借鑒國內外應對突發事件應急疏散的經驗和教訓，結合我國大城市突發事件應急疏散的具體特點，提出了大城市突發事件應急疏散研究的總體框架，提出了突發事件應急避難所和應急疏散道路的選擇原則，給出了應急避難所的容量計算方法和疏散道路在應急狀態下的道路通行能力的折算方法;然後以北京2008年奧運會突發事件的應急疏散為例，制定了奧運會突發事件應急疏散預案，藉助先進的計算機系統模擬技術，首次利用應急疏散模擬軟體orems對整個疏散過程進行了模擬，得到了總體疏散時間、平均疏散速度等可以為決策者提供決策支持的關鍵參數，並對模擬結果作了分析。
  5. In this paper, the main research works are as follows : 1 ) survey and analysis previous work in auv navigation and summarize : as the cumulate error, the dead - reckoning and inertial navigation systems ca n ' t be used without other modified system ; the acoustic navigation system is used only in small range, and is very expensive. 2 ) two important approaches in geophysical navigation techniques are summarized, one is terrain contour based navigation, this approach is investigated keystone today ; the other is image based navigation, due to no perfect image sensors and image seabed map, this approach has seldom been practised. 3 ) two important terrain contour based navigation algorithms has been applied to auv, one is match algorithm - based terrain contour match ( tercom ) ; the other is kalman filter - based sandia inertia terrain - aided navigation ( sitan )

    主要研究內容包括：一、總結分析了當前水下導航的常用方法和不足之處，指出基於航位推算的導航方法，存在著最大的問題就是導航誤差的積累問題，如果沒有修正系統，這種方法很難滿足使用要求；其次指出基於聲學的導航方法，造價昂貴，導航范圍有限，難以滿足自主水下航行器大范圍導航的需求；二、總結了當前水下地形輔助導航的主要技術路線，一是基於地形高程的匹配方法，這是當前研究的重點；二是基於地形圖像的匹配方法，由於缺乏良好的圖像傳感器，和可用的海底圖像地圖，目前這種方法還有待研究發展；三、將兩種地形高程匹配的常用方法應用到自主水下航行器上：以相關演算法為前提的地形輪廓匹配（ tercom ）方法和以卡爾曼濾波為基礎的桑迪亞慣性地形輔助導航（ sitan ）方法，前者演算法簡單可靠，但是導航精度不高，後者雖然精度比較高，但存在著演算法較為復雜、有可能發散和出現奇異值等問題。
  6. Since algeria has no official diplomatic relationship with formosa, delivering, transporting, and gaining customs clearance for the materials posed great difficulties. fortunately, however, the wholehearted assistance of european fellow initiates, the international red cross, and consul general abdiche made it possible for this transoceanic relief operation to be speedily accomplished

    由於阿爾及利亞與福爾摩沙素無邦交，加深了救援物資在運輸接駁和通關的困難度，幸而在世界會歐洲同修國際紅十字會及阿爾及利亞駐法國總領事阿博帝赫先生的全力協助下，這場跨洋賑災活動才得以在最短時間內圓滿達成。
  7. In recent years, the housing authority has undertaken a large number of construction projects, and its housing production is more than double the total private sector production. together with the housing bureau and the housing department, the housing authority is structurally part of a troika. yet each part has its own independent duties, it is difficult to control the overall operation

    房委會在近年間，大興土木，現時的建屋量已超過私營市場總和的雙倍，但在架構上卻又和房屋局及房屋署，形成各有獨立職責三頭馬車的局面，因而在運作上不免難以操控，再加上在龐大的建築事務上，過份迷信通才的文官制度，以外行管理內行，過度依賴外判顧問公司作為工程監察工具。
  8. The thesis is based on the performance testing system of the automobile fittings for shaoxing automobile fittings factory. the aim is not only to develop a testing system which is rapid, wieldy and exact, but to improve the level of r & d for the fittings testing and short the cycle of the development and production of the new products, so that the factory can compete with profitably and benefit great from it

    本論文以紹興汽車配件總廠的「汽車配件性能測試系統」為主要研究背景的，目的在於建立一套能快速、易用、精確的汽車配件性能測試系統，提高汽車配件測試的研究開發水平，縮短汽車配件的開發和出廠周期，減少試驗勞動強度，解決了汽車配件測試困難的問題，從而能增強廠家的競爭能力，提高其經濟效益。
  9. The speciality of chinese traditional medication decoction pieces means the hard job of its quality controlling and management, which covers identification of the confusion, falsify and counterfeit, checking of medicate part, impurity, humidity, bitten by insect, mustiness and oil - releasing, counting of package and number, and the quality controlling and storing management in warehouse. the author here would like to share some experiences which from both theory and the practices

    中藥飲片的特殊性決定了其質量控制和管理的難度，從飲片入庫前的驗收，包括易混品、摻偽品、假冒品的鑒別，藥用部位、飲片雜質、濕度、蟲蛀、發霉和走油等方面的檢查，及包裝和數量的清點，到飲片的在庫養護如庫房的管理和飲片的保存等，都需要在實踐中結合理論進行摸索和總結。
  10. Focused on " understanding media ", the article analyses in chapter i the key media theory of employing what could be of mcluhan in a thoughtful angle ， and advances the viewpoint of " human being - the extending of media ? ". in chapter ii 、 in the following third part ， the idea of " media ' s endding " is expounded and demonstrated ， which is composed of three parts ： extreme of speed ， content of the content ， and human being ' s last extending - the extending of central nerves 。 in the final part ， the general conclusion ? ? electronic media ' s influence on human behavior is given ， that is human are under universal narcissism and pacing to the bottom of it impelled by electronic speed. the article has five original points in it ： first of all, in virtue of " content theory " ， it analyzes the theory of " meida equals to information " by mcluhan from a scale theory stand. secondly, the tremendous power of electronic media is emphasized from an implosion view. in the third point, the article advanced originally that, after extension of central nerve system, human themsevels reverse to an extension of media and turns into a node of it ; at the same time, the article proposes that, all extensions before that of central nerve are " controllable extension ", however, it reverses to " uncontrollable extension " while extending ; then the authur put forward for the first time that, the concernful reason obsessing human is the failure of their in - body central nerve system " s jointing and controlling on out - body central nerve system naturally. 。 the fourth point is, the article demonstrates systematically the idea of " media ' s endding " from three levels solely by thoughtful means, and this is the most revolutionary point of it all

    論文的創新之處有五點：一是從「尺度論」的角度，藉助「內容論」來解讀麥克盧漢的「媒介即訊息」的思想；二是從「內爆」的角度突出電子媒介的巨大力量；三是獨創提出在電子媒介時代，人類延伸了自己的中樞神經系統之後，人類本身被逆轉為媒介的延伸，成為電子媒介的一個節點；同時在本章節中提出中樞神經延伸之前的所有延伸為「可控延伸」 ，而中樞神經被延伸時「可控延伸」逆轉為「不可控延伸」 ，並首次提出，困擾人類種種問題的重要原因是體內的中樞神經系統無法無縫地對接和控制被延伸出去的體外中樞神經系統；四是獨自運用思辯的力量從三個層面綜合論證了「媒介的終結」的觀點，此處論證為本文最大創新之處，而此結論也將具有重大的理論與現實意義；五是根據以上幾個部分的論述，對人類目前的總體狀態作了一個定性的判斷，即：我們這個時代的迷惘在於我們深陷於自戀的漩渦里難以自拔，在電子媒介以其固有的電力速度的推動下，我們走向自戀的盡頭。
  11. The ideal state of the ftc regime is to unify the two factors of avoiding international double taxation and maintaining u. s. fiscal jurisdiction. however, by various reasons in reality the unification is impossible to be perfect and there are always conflicts between the two factors. the third chapter discusses qualifications of ftc in u. s. internal law

    抵免制度的理想狀態是，在消除國際雙重征稅和維護美國稅收管轄權兩個方面達到統一，但在現實中，由於立法和執法上存在的漏洞、美國與外國法律規定的非一致性、法律和經濟現實的矛盾性等原因，完全的統一總難以達到，抵免制度總存在這樣那樣的缺陷。
  12. To change this situation, companies face tow choices : one is to establish a entirely new and large system replacing those old systems ; the other is eai ( enterprise application integration ). considering the cost cycle and the possible difficulties during the process, the latter is obviously relatively feasible nowadays, as main means of enterprise integration : one is microsoft ' s com + system and windows dna platform ; the other is microsystem ' s ejb standard and j2ee platform

    企業要解決這些矛盾，一種方法是對現有系統推倒重來，徹底重新開發一個覆蓋到企業各個部門的統一的新系統，考慮到成本、實施周期和難度等因素，這不是一種切實可行的解決方案。另一種方法是企業從整體上規劃企業各個信息系統，根據實際需要，對各個應用系統進行總體規劃，選擇一個合適的集成平臺，把企業的各個「信息孤島」有機的集成起來。
  13. These characteristics and phenomenons have effect on the quality of gear pump, and it is difficult relatively to research them by theory. at present the research is limited to the phase of examination testing. theoretic research of the characteristics and the phenomenons of polymer gear pump are blank in china when the gear pump feeds the viscous polymer liquid of chemical flow with high temperature and high pressure

    齒輪泵除具有流量和容積效率、扭矩和機械效率、功率和總效率等基本特性外，還存在著困油、噪聲和氣穴等現象，這些特性和現象直接影響齒輪泵的質量，對斜齒齒輪泵的這些特性和現象的理論研究難度較大，目前大多仍局限於實驗測試研究階段，而聚合物齒輪泵在輸送化工流程中的高溫、高壓的粘流態聚合物時特性的理論研究在國內基本還處于空白。
  14. In 2005, 61 physical and chemical parameters were measured and analysed in sediments. these included particle size, electrochemical potential as highly anoxic sediment with negative potential is related to organic pollution, chemical oxygen demand which indicates organic pollutants, total sulphide inorganic constituents, source of the unpleasant - smelling gas hydrogen sulphide, 15 metals and metalloids aluminium, arsenic, barium, boron, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, silver, vanadium and zinc, and trace toxic organics pahs and pcbs - 16 compounds and 18 congeners respectively

    2005年，沉積物監測包括分析61種物理及化學參數，其中有粒子大小電化學勢有機污染促使沉積物缺氧，而讓電化學勢呈負數值化學需氧量顯示有機污染程度總硫化物無機物，是造成難聞氣體硫化氫的主因15種金屬及準金屬鋁砷鋇硼鎘鉻銅鐵鉛錳汞鎳銀釩及鋅和痕量毒性有機物多環芳烴及多氯聯苯分別為16種復合物及18種同質物。
  15. The taking of the income of a single intangible assets is the base valuing intangible assets, which is difficult to obtain because people always make the income together. after the incomes of whole intangible assets are obtained from the whole assets, we use the ahp model to get the income of a single intangible assets

    單項無形資產收益額數據的取得是評估無形資產的基礎，由於有形資產和無形資產所創收益往往被匯總在一起，無形資產收益額的獲取有一定的難度，本文利用層次分析法將無形資產與有形資產相分離，使得無形資產的分割更加科學、合理。
  16. So carry through the construction technology of typical sect of natm by shallow - buried summary on west fourth ring road buried culvert of beijing branch of the middle line of south - to - north water transfer project, which would offer reference for future similar projects

    其中，暗涵工程交叉管線眾多，在西四環立交橋樁基中間穿過，淺埋暗挖法施工有一定的難度，為此，對南水北調中線北京段西四環暗涵淺埋暗挖典型段施工技術進行總結，以為今後類似工程提供參考和借鑒。
  17. Taking the qian xue - sen ' s system of modern science and technology as background, this paper has expounded the meaning, way of and difficulty with the founding of systematology, looked back three stages of qian xuesen ' s systematology founding, investigated the present situation, problems and causes, and put forward some personal viewpoints on the different opinions about systemtology in the academic circle, proposing that for the development of systemtology it is necessary to further digest the non - linear mechanics, self - organization theory, cas theory, and so on and make creative conversion of their results with the description of the whole emergency of the system as the general goal and the stress imposed on the working - out of the intrinsic mechanisms and laws of the complicated big systems

    摘要以錢學森的現代科學技術體系為大背景闡述建立系統學的意義、途徑和難度，回顧了錢學森創建系統學的三個階段，考察系統學的現狀、問題及其成因，對學界某些歧見給出筆者的看法提出系統學的發展應該進一步消化非線性動力學、自組織理論、 cas理論等，並對其成果作創造性的轉換，以描述系統的整體涌現性為總目標，重在揭示開放復雜巨系統的內在機制和規律。
  18. The second chapter discusses the methods for statistics and analysis of test results from the point of view of educational statistics and measurement. it includes the application of mathematical statistics methods and the summarization of education measurement targets of test quality analysis, and also the concepts, features, methods and correlation of difficulty, discrimination, reliability and validity are discussed. at the end of this chapter, some typical theories are introduced in brief

    第二章從教育統計和教育測量的角度出發，從理論上探討了考試結果統計分析的方法，包括常用的數理統計方法的應用，歸納總結考試質量分析的教育測量學指標：難度、區分度、信度、效度，論述了四度分析的概念、特點、方法和相互關系，並對目前常用的測量理論進行了簡要介紹。
  19. Through the analysis, the paper reaches the following basic conclusions : the quantity of chaoyang district ' s transient population will increase continuously, residential period will prolong gradually and renting house will still be the major residential way of transient population ; transient population play a positive role in the district ' s socioeconomic development, but on the other side they make city infrastructures more difficult to bear the existent heavy burden, difficulty in city management is increased ; transient labor force mainly undertake the supplementary role of the district labor force, but along with the open of the labor force market step by step and the further improving of the quality of transient labor force, the competition between transient labor force and local labor force tends to be intense ; the current management policy of transient population in beijing exists some problems, which stresses management and makes light of service, stresses duties and makes light of rights and interests, stresses planning and makes light of market, stresses outside and makes light of inside, but the policy is tending to the developing direction that is helpful for transient population to flow

    最後總結了本研究的基本結論，並從外來人口管理體制及制度創新、管理措施的改進和維護外來人口權益，健全社會保險體系三方面提出了改革建議。文章通過分析得出以下基本結論：朝陽區外來人口的數量還會繼續增長，居住時間逐漸延長，租住房屋仍然是外來人口最主要的居住方式；外來人口在為本區社會經濟發展起到積極作用的同時，也使城市基礎設施不堪重負，城市管理難度加大；外來勞動力主要承擔著本區勞動力的補充角色，但隨著勞動力市場的逐步開放和外來人口素質的進一步提高，外來勞動力與本地勞動力的競爭趨于激烈；北京市現行的外來人口管理政策存在著重管理而輕服務、重義務而輕權益、重計劃而輕市場、重外部而輕內部的問題，但正趨于有利於外來人口流動的方向發展。
  20. As the sale scale of the enterprises enlarges, the management difficulty degree of material flow and fund flow flowing to the strange land increases constantly. a lot of enterprises " distribution cost has already become the key element of all the enterprises " running cost

    隨著企業銷售規模的擴大，對異地物流和資金流的管理難度不斷增加，許多企業的分銷成本已經成為企業總體運行成本的第一大構成要素。
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