難行線 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [nánhángxiàn]
難行線
英文
hard running track-
Conscious that the human organism, normally capable of sustaining an atmospheric pressure of 19 tons, when elevated to a considerable altitude in the terrestrial atmosphere suffered with arithmetical progression of intensity, according as the line of demarcation between troposphere and stratosphere was approximated, from nasal hemorrhage, impeded respiration and vertigo, when proposing this problem for solution he had conjectured as a working hypothesis which could not be proved impossible that a more adaptable and differently anatomically constructed race of beings might subsist otherwise under martian, mercurial, veneral, jovian, saturnian, neptunian or uranian sufficient and equivalent conditions, though an apogean humanity of beings created in varying forms with finite differences resulting similar to the whole and to one another would probably there as here remain inalterably and inalienably attached to vanities, to vanities of vanities and all that is vanity
人體組織通常能夠抗得住十九噸的氣壓169 ，可是一旦在地球的大氣層里上升到相當的高度，越是接近對流層與平流層的境界線，鼻孔出血吸呼困難以及眩暈，隨著算術級數就越發嚴重起來。他曉得這一點，尋求解答時就設想出這樣一個難以證明是不可能的行之有效的假定：倘若換個更富於適應性，解剖學上的構造也有所不同的種族，說不定就能在火星水星金星木星土星海王星或天王星那充足而相同的條件下生存下來。然而那個遠地點170的人類種族，盡管在構造方面與地球上的人類有著一定限度的不同之處，整個來說彼此卻有著相似的種種形態。The late ordovician - silurian - devonian - early carboniferous stratigraphic division and correlation, including the chronologic correlation of the donghe sandstone, which are the old great difficult key stratigraphic problems interfering with the development of the oil and gas exploration in the tarim basin, are synthetic studied by systematically applying chemobiostratigraphy. several important relevant stratigraphic boundaries are recognized, and the donghe sandstone is attributed to the frasnian, late devonian. the results of the study in particular proves that chemo - biostratigraphy has great significance and is a practical tool for high resolution stratigraphic division and correlation, especially for the region and or the bed with rare fossils
首次系統應用化學生物地層學對長期遺留的嚴重阻礙了油氣勘探開發步伐的塔里木盆地重大疑難地層問題：晚奧陶世志留紀泥盆紀早石炭世地層劃分對比和東河砂巖時代等進行了綜合研究，釐定了幾條重要的相關地層界線，並將東河砂巖的時代確定為泥盆紀晚泥盆世弗拉斯期。這些研究成果表明，化學生物地層學對高解析度地層劃分對比尤其是對在化石缺乏地區和層段進行地層劃分對比工作有重要的意義和實用價值。Conclusion the mtdna sequencing system using new primers was useful for forensic purpose. for difficult samples, dna typing with this system was especially available and practical, and has been validated in criminal cases
結論本課題所建立的線粒體dna序列分析體系是一種對法醫疑難檢材進行鑒別的有效、實用的方法，並且本方法已經在實際案件檢驗中得到驗證。At first, this paper analyzes the factors of water - sand influencing water level of yellow river and the feasibility just using the factors of water - sand to study water level, and collects the corresponding data ; secondly, because there are strong nonlinear relation in the corresponding data, by meticulous theory analysis, this paper integrates basic nonlinear analysis method, theory of random analysis, method of least squares and so on. it puts forward a method which can get the high accuracy simulation of the data, perfects the multi - factor analysis of variable ( over three factors ) of the statistic ; thirdly, it applies the method to the approximation of corresponding water level process which belong to the capacity of sand of middle - high and middle - low, and get the high - accuracy simulation about the typical nonlinear relation ; at last, this paper definitudes the main influence mode that the capacity of sand. it mainly unite with other factors to work on the water level in the yellow river lower reaches ; mor eover, this paper analyzes the difficult point and the direction of improvement to realize the accuracy forecasting of the flood level of erodible - bed channel
首先，系統分析了影響黃河水位的水沙因素，及僅用水沙因素有效研究水位的可行性，並按變量對應思想採集它們的相應數據；其次，由於相應水位過程數據中含極強的非線性關系，本論文經細致的理論分析，將基本的非線性分析方法、統計建模方法、隨機分析理論、最小均方誤差原則等等數學理論及方法有機揉合，提出了能有效實現這類數據高精度擬合的分層篩選法，並改進了統計學中多因子（三個以上）方差分析法；再次，將這一方法用於黃河中高及中低含沙類洪水相應水位過程的擬合，實現了這一典型非線性關系的高精度擬合，各年汛期上下游相應洪水位過程的擬合誤差都較小；最後，明確黃河下游含沙量對水位的主要影響方式，即含沙量主要是與其它因素聯合對水位作用；另外分析了要實現變動河床洪水位過程準確預報的困難所在及改進方向。By hydraulic modeling, this paper describes studies on the stability of a floating bulkhead operating in standing water and flowing water, and it ' s hydrodynamic stability characteristics that distinguish in standing water from in flowing water ; and direct measurements of the forces acting on the model floating body during floating and sinking is taken. as a result, the rotation stress curves are produced and analyzed ; to provide data for optimum operation schedule analyses of the sluice, the relationship of the impact forces acting on the side wall of the gate and the running speed is studied ; the reasons of unstably uplifting of the bulkhead are discussed and the method to solve the problem is also given in this paper
本文結合常州新閘防洪控制工程水工模型試驗，系統分析了浮箱門在靜水和動水中的穩定性及其影響因素，指出靜水穩性和動水穩性的不同特點；試驗測定了浮箱門動水運行時的受力情況，給出並分析了定位過程轉動力的變化過程曲線；根據浮箱門啟閉速度與門體和岸墻之間撞擊力大小的關系，選擇合理的動力設備，為設計和工程實踐提供可靠依據；分析浮箱門難以穩定上浮的原因，並給出解決方案。This thesis tries to update the cmdsr system to achieve the characters below : real - time, better robust, higher recognition rate, non - special - man. considering the disadvantages of traditional improved spectrum subtraction speech enhancement, this thesis proposes the theory of fuzzy spectrum subtraction based on the fuzzy theory and improved spectrum subtraction speech enhancement ; as for the difficulties of detecting the endpoint of speech signal, the thesis gives the table of initial and the improved parameters, with which we can confirm the endpoints of mandarin digit speech ; the thesis puts forward two - level digit real - time speech recognition system, the first level is based on discrete hidden markov model which is linear predictive coding cepstrum ( lpcc ) and difference linear predictive coding cepstrum ( dlpcc ), the second level is based on formant parameters ; as for the realization of hardware, the thesis depicts the realization of every part of cmdsr based on the tms320vc5402 in detail ; as for the development of software, the thesis gives the software design flow chart of cmdsr, simulates the basic theory with matlab language and gives the simulation results
針對傳統的「改進譜相減法語音增強」參數設定單一、環境適應能力差的缺點，提出了一種利用模糊理論和「改進的譜相減法」結合的「模糊譜相減法語音增強」 ;針對語音信號端點檢測困難的特點，通過matlab模擬試驗，給出了能夠準確確定數碼語音端點的初始和改進參數表;提出了利用基於線性預測編碼倒譜參數和差分線性預測編碼倒譜參數相結合的離散隱含馬爾可夫模型進行第一級識別、利用共振峰參數進行第二級識別的兩級漢語數碼語音識別系統，在保證系統實時性的同時，實現連接漢語數碼語音識別系統識別率的提高;在硬體實現上，詳細闡述了基於tms320vc5402的連接漢語數碼語音識別系統各部分硬體設計;在軟體開發上，給出了連接漢語數碼語音識別的軟體設計各部分的流程圖，並對各部分進行了matlab模擬，並給出了模擬結果。In order to solve the problem of engineering roadblock of abnormity wall template design, program alternatives, construction techniques and engineering roadblock, this paper discusses the difficulty of hyperbola template construction on the innovation of traditional simple curve zoom type huge template by combining the three dimensional space hyperbola rinse concrete wall in art performance theater of qingdao art center project construction, provides a method to design and choose heteromorphy component template
摘要為了解決異形墻體模板設計、方案選擇及施工工藝等技術難題，筆者結合青島市藝術中心工程藝術表演劇場三維空間雙曲線清水砼墻施工，在傳統的單曲線可調式大模板的基礎上進行了創新，很好的解決了雙曲線模板施工的技術難點，為異型構件模板的設計、選擇開拓了又一條思路。It is generally impossible to obtain the analytic optimal guidance law for complex nonlinear guidance systems of homing missiles, and the open loop optimal guidance law is often obtained by numerical methods, which can not be used directly in practice. the neural networks are trained off - line using the optimal trajectory of the missile produced by the numerical open loop optimal guidance law, and then, the converged neural networks are used on - line as the feedback optimal guidance law in real - time. the research shows that different selections of the neural networks inputs, such as the system state variables or the rate of los ( line of sight ), may have great effect on the performances of the guidance systems for homing missiles. the robustness for several guidance laws is investigated by simulations, and the modular neural networks architectures are used to increase the approximating and generalizing abilities in the large state space. some useful conclusions are obtained by simulation results
對于復雜的非線性導彈制導系統，很難求得其解析的最優制導律，只能求得開環的數字解，不能適用於具有時變不確定性的導彈制導系統.利用神經網路的學習和推廣能力，對開環的數字最優制導律進行離線的學習，作為閉環的神經最優制導律在線應用.研究分別選擇系統狀態變量和視線角速率等不同的神經網路輸入對制導系統性能的影響，以及各種制導律的魯棒性問題，並採用模塊化神經網路結構提高神經網路的學習和推廣能力，模擬結果得到一些有益的結論Because color isochromatic fringes appear in the stress model based on a plane polariscope in white light, we studied the problems systematically by a digital camera as image inputting device, digital image processing technique and bp artificial neural network. based on the work that has been reported before, a technique named five - step color phase shifting technique ( fcpst ) to acquire single isoclinics is presented
根據白光入射時應力模型在偏振儀光學系統中的等色線條紋是彩色的特點，本論文採用彩色數碼相機作為數據採集與輸入設備，結合彩色信息圖像處理和bp神經網路等新技術，對上述兩個難題進行了系統的研究，獲得以下成果：在綜合前人工作的基礎上，提出獲得全場單純的等傾角相圖的五步彩色相移法。Disigning coolant channel on the firebox of liquid rocket engine to loxodrome ( equal - angle helix ) groove can improve firebox coolant capability greatly. because the width dimension of loxodrome groove is narrow and the depth is deep, some machining methods are incapable, such as end - milling or electrochemistry. according to the peculiarities, a cnc disk - cutter - milling method which is composed of five motion axes with four simultaneously interpolated ones is researched. because most firebox generatrix is composed of complex curves, it is very difficult to get cnc cutting program with manual means. in order to deal with the problem, the loxodrome mathematics model is studied, and an auto - programming software system is developed. the software system can generate cnc cutting program of loxodrome on many kinds of turned surface. the constriction - distension segment of firebox is the most representative workpiece. the sharp changing of its generatrix slope makes loxodrome milling difficult. with the theory analyzing and practice cutting experiment, some applied techniques, which include milling mode and direction, choosing cutter diameter and cutting start point setting, are developed. adopting the technology above, tens regular workpiece have been manufacturing. the two - year manufacture practice has confirmed the validity and feasibility of developed loxodrome coolant channel milling method. the developed technology is also worth to be referenced to other similar workpiece
將液體火箭發動機燃燒室的冷卻通道設計為斜航線（等傾角螺旋線）槽形，可以大幅度改善燃燒室的冷卻性能.斜航線冷卻槽的槽寬尺寸較小而槽深尺寸較大，所以無法使用棒銑刀銑削、電化學等加工方式.針對這些特點，提出了五軸控制、四軸聯動的數控片銑刀銑削加工方法.由於燃燒室外表面的母線輪廓復雜，手工編制數控加工程序難度大.為了解決數控加工程序的編制問題，研究了斜航線的數學模型，開發了自動編程軟體系統.使用該系統，可以生成多種母線輪廓回轉體外表面上的斜航線數控加工程序.燃燒室收斂-擴張段的母線斜率變化大，加工難度大，是斜航線冷卻通道加工的最典型工件.經過理論分析和實際切削實驗，研究了針對該類型工件的片銑刀直徑選擇、銑削方式和方向、刀具調整和起刀點的設置等多項實際的加工方案.採用上述的一系列技術，已經成功地加工了數十個合格工件.經過兩年多的實際生產過程應用，驗證了所開發的斜航線冷卻通道加工方法的正確性和可行性.這些加工技術的研製成功，對其他相似類型零件的加工亦具有參考意義Many planets ( for example, ganymede, mercury, the earth, jupiter and saturn ) and stars ( for example, the sun ) possess intrinsic magnetic fields. the explanation for their existence and variation remains a great challenge to planetary scientists and astrophysicists. this article attempts to review some recent developments and difficulties in the study of magnetohydrodynamics for the electrically conducting fluid interiors of planets and stars. it is the fluid motions, usually driven by thermal convection, that generate and sustain magnetic fields through magnetohydrodynamic processes in planets and stars. in planets, the magnetohydrodynamic processes are strongly affected by the combined and inseparable effects of rotation, magnetic fields and spherical geometry. the key dynamics involves the interaction between the coriolis and lorentz forces. in the sun, it is the solar tachocline, a thin shear flow layer located at the base of the convection envelope, that plays an essential role in the solar magnetohydrodynamic processes which produce the 11 - year sunspot cycle. some results of a new nonlinear three - dimensional solar dynamo model are also presented
許多行星（如木衛三，水星，地球，木星和土星）和恆星（如太陽）具有內部磁場.對這些磁場的存在和變化的解釋對行星科學家和天體物理學家是一個巨大的挑戰.本文試圖總結行星和恆星的導電流體內部磁流體力學研究的新近發展和困難.一般由熱對流驅動的流動通過磁流體力學過程產生並維持在行星和恆星中的磁場.在行星中磁流體力學過程強烈地受到轉動，磁場和球幾何位型的綜合影響.其動力學的關鍵方面涉及科里奧利力和洛倫茲力間的相互作用.在太陽中其流線，即處于對流層的薄的剪切流層在太陽的磁流體力學過程中扮演了一個基本的角色，並由之產生了11年的太陽黑子周期.本文也給出了一個新的非線性三維太陽發電機模型The differences between surface creep and saltation are gradual and it is difficult to draw a fixed dividing line.
表面爬行和跳躍之間的差別是漸變的，它很難劃一條固定分界線。In order to solve the technological problem of the dredge of raw material flow on the production line, we ? e carried out as overall theoretical and experimental research on the movement characteristic of the raw material on the surface of sifter in the vibratory machine, the dynamics property of the vibration stimulated by inertial double - axes, the flow property of raw material in these store hoppers, the agglomeration and obstruction mechanism
針對生產實踐急需，提出了本項研究題目。本文為了解決生產線物料流疏通的技術難題，對物料在振動篩分機篩面上的運動特性、雙軸慣性激勵式振動篩分機的動力學特性、儲料倉內物料的流動特性、物料結拱及堵塞機理等進行了全面的理論分析和試驗研究。In this paper, the main research works are as follows : 1 ) survey and analysis previous work in auv navigation and summarize : as the cumulate error, the dead - reckoning and inertial navigation systems ca n ' t be used without other modified system ; the acoustic navigation system is used only in small range, and is very expensive. 2 ) two important approaches in geophysical navigation techniques are summarized, one is terrain contour based navigation, this approach is investigated keystone today ; the other is image based navigation, due to no perfect image sensors and image seabed map, this approach has seldom been practised. 3 ) two important terrain contour based navigation algorithms has been applied to auv, one is match algorithm - based terrain contour match ( tercom ) ; the other is kalman filter - based sandia inertia terrain - aided navigation ( sitan )
主要研究內容包括：一、總結分析了當前水下導航的常用方法和不足之處，指出基於航位推算的導航方法，存在著最大的問題就是導航誤差的積累問題，如果沒有修正系統，這種方法很難滿足使用要求；其次指出基於聲學的導航方法，造價昂貴，導航范圍有限，難以滿足自主水下航行器大范圍導航的需求；二、總結了當前水下地形輔助導航的主要技術路線，一是基於地形高程的匹配方法，這是當前研究的重點；二是基於地形圖像的匹配方法，由於缺乏良好的圖像傳感器，和可用的海底圖像地圖，目前這種方法還有待研究發展；三、將兩種地形高程匹配的常用方法應用到自主水下航行器上：以相關演算法為前提的地形輪廓匹配（ tercom ）方法和以卡爾曼濾波為基礎的桑迪亞慣性地形輔助導航（ sitan ）方法，前者演算法簡單可靠，但是導航精度不高，後者雖然精度比較高，但存在著演算法較為復雜、有可能發散和出現奇異值等問題。Though the fieldbus as the communication technology of the automation field can be built as understratum network of intelligent building, but with the increase of the demand of opening, interoperability and integration of control network and information network, the lack of no unified standard, bad opening, difficulty of interoperability, lack equipment, high expense and difficulty of integration was unfolded if the system integration of intelligent building adopts fieldbus completely
雖然現場總線作為自動化領域的通信技術，可以構成智能建築的底層網路，但出於對網路開放性、可互操作性的要求以及控制網路與信息網路集成等需求，若完全採用現場總線進行建築智能化系統集成，現場總線的標準不統一、開放性差、互操作困難、設備少、費用高以及集成困難等弊端便逐漸顯露出來。The architectures of the receiver are rf pass band direct sampling and if pass - band sampling with high - speed analog to digital converter after rf to if conversion. the first kind of architectures is hard to realize because of the requisition of devices is too high
軟體無線電接收機分為射頻直接帶通采樣和將射頻信號變換到中頻后再進行帶通采樣，前者實現較難，對器件的要求太高，然後進行各種數字處理。The following chapter takes advantage of swot analysis to have a bird view on the advantage and disadvantage of chinese retailing industry and holds that the substantial gap between chinese and foreign retailers can be justified by the reality of being local, which may shed light of hope to those pessimist toward globalization
第三章用swot方法分析了中國零售業的競爭劣勢與優勢，認為中國零售業雖然在許多方面與國外同行存在著巨大的差距，但企業的本土優勢卻是那些外來者難以與之相競爭的。而這一點也足以讓那些悲觀論者看到一線希望。Coke oven is a complex plant with the characters of large time - delay, strong non - linear, multivariable coupling and changeable parameters. the dynamic process of the coke oven is driven by both continuous variables and discrete events. the mean flue temperature is affected by many reasons and it is difficult to control the temperature to required precision by the normal control methods
焦爐是具有大時滯、強非線性、多變量耦合、變參數的復雜對象，直行溫度受多種因素的影響，焦爐生產過程既受連續時間信號驅動，又受離散事件信號驅動，採用常規的控制方法難以將直行溫度控制到要求的精度范圍內。It is found that, for the specialty of our 35kv lines, we should adopt synthetic lightning protection measures of power lines as the traditional measure could hardly keep up with the lightning protection requirement for its low line lightning protection level, high stripping outrage and bad maintenance
通過研究發現，目前由於綿陽局35kv線路的特殊性， 35kv線路普遍存在採用傳統的防雷措施線路耐雷水平不高、雷擊跳閘率偏高、運行維護也較為困難等問題，難以滿足生產上的防雷要求，需對現行線路進行防雷綜合措施的處理。For the problem of poor cohesion and the difficult process follow - uply, such as mount the components in the ltcc substrate. besides, it ' s easy to short circuit between each electrode because of the small size of chip. we carried on the experiment of mount components and chip bonding
針對ltcc基板布線附著性較差，貼裝元器件等電路后續加工困難，布線容易脫落和管芯尺寸小，鍵合時各級之間容易短路的問題，進行ltcc基板后續貼裝和管芯鍵合工藝實驗。分享友人