電子對的形成 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [diànziduìdexíngchéng]
電子對的形成 英文
pair creation
  • 電 : Ⅰ名詞1 （有電荷存在和電荷變化的現象） electricity 2 （電報） telegram; cable Ⅱ動詞1 （觸電） give...
  • 子 : 子Ⅰ名詞1 （兒子） son 2 （人的通稱） person 3 （古代特指有學問的男人） ancient title of respect f...
  • 對 : Ⅰ動詞1 （回答） answer; reply 2 （對待; 對付） treat; cope with; counter 3 （朝; 向; 面對） be tr...
  • 的 : 4次方是 The fourth power of 2 is direction
  • 成 : Ⅰ動詞1 （完成; 成功） accomplish; succeed 2 （成為; 變為） become; turn into 3 （成全） help comp...
  • 電子 : [物理學] [電學] electron
  1. In superconductors, the bosons are the pairs of bound electrons that form at the fermi surface.

    在超導體中，玻色子是在費密表面形成的束縛態電子對。
  2. It not only gains the physical contrastive datum mark, but also improves the blm stability. cyclic voltammetry is used to study the characteristic of blm attached to metal surface, as the forming of blm, the voltammetric characteristics of blm, the selection of ion and measurement of different ki concentration

    就以上提出的處理方法，採用循環伏安法詳細研究了金屬表面所覆blm的基本性質，如：膜形成液的配製、膜的形成、膜電阻、膜的伏安特性、膜的擊穿電壓、離子的識別性及對不同濃度的碘化鉀溶液的測試。
  3. For electrodeposition by dc methods, the metals deposite uninterrupted and the particles were also embeded uninterrupted into the coatings ; for electrodeposition by pc method, the particles with biggish volume were desorbed from the coatings and returned to the electrolyte again owing to the presence of pulse interval ; for electrodeposition by prc method, the particles carried positive charges are much more easy to desorb from the coatings owing to the effecf of reverse pulse current combined with pulse interval, in addition, the reverse pulse current also could dissovle the metals, further accelerates the desorption of particles, thus the particles size embeded in the coatings by prc method is the least

    直流電沉積時，基質金屬的沉積連續進行，粒子在電極表面不間斷嵌入鍍層;單脈沖電沉積由於脈沖間歇的存在使得具有較大體積的粒子會脫附，重新回到溶液中;採用周期換向脈沖時，反向脈沖電流使表面荷正電的較大的粒子更易從電極表面脫附，同時，反向脈沖電流對基質金屬的溶解作用，也會促進粒子的脫附，因此鍍層中復合粒子尺寸最小。隨著鍍層中粒子復合量的增加，三種鍍層的晶粒都明顯細化，說明al _ 2o _ 3的存在阻止了晶粒的長大，提高了電沉積過程中晶核的形成速率。
  4. To select a cylindrical plane cathode ; to design proper focus electrodes in order to control the formation of beam in methods of solving equations, electrobath and simulation aided by computer. to correct effects of anode hole and work out curves of designing guns ; to discuss plasma cathode guns at last

    選用圓形平面陰極;設計恰當的聚束極形狀以控制電子束的成形，並使用解析法、電解槽法和數值方法三種方法進行設計;考慮陽孔效應對電子束傳輸的影響，修正陽孔效應，給出電子槍設計曲線;最後討論一下等離子體陰極電子槍。
  5. In the present dissertation, friction - induced noises emitted by a flat specimen rubbing against another flat specimen or a ball specimen under reciprocating sliding are studied. the detailed observation of the scars is conducted by means of a scanning electrical microscope ( sem ), laser scanning microscope ( lsm ), optical microscope and profilometer. the dynamic state variables are analyzed in detail using the discrete wavelet transform

    使用電子掃描顯微鏡（ sem ） 、激光掃描顯微鏡（ lsm ） 、光學顯微鏡和表面輪廓測量儀等設備對摩擦噪聲發生的區域進行了詳細的觀察和分析，運用小波變換技術對摩擦噪聲狀態下的動力學變量進行了深層次的研究，應用matlab simulink語言對摩擦系統進行了振動動力學模擬，系統地研究了摩擦噪聲的形成機理。
  6. The transport of reb is examined by 2d3v particle simulation in the xy plane. the filamentation and coalescence of currents and related magnetic field pattern, caused by the two - dimensional electromagnetic - beam - plasma ( embp ) instability, are observed

    在xy平面上對電流輸運過程進行了2d3v粒子模擬，觀察到電流絲的形成、聚合和磁場產生。
  7. This new radial reflex klystron oscillator with virtual cathode is designed and simulated by 2. 5 - d pic code

    分析了電子束在徑向反射腔中形成虛陰極的過程和虛陰極對電子束的調製作用。
  8. The content of each part follow as : in the first chapter, as start point and base of the paper, this part focuses on the basic study of definition characteristic of no, and the existing base of no - e - commerce environment ; in the second one, this part studies the theory base of no comprehensively applying the theories of core competence competent strategy and transaction cost ; chapter three studies the no from the coordination of no, and gives the structure clarification and characteristic of no firstly, at the same time, put forward the concept of virtual enterprise cluster ; based on such conclusion, studies the model of no from life cyc organization level process and value chain, and operational mode ; in chapter four, a theoretical explanation was addressed on the above structure by modeling no with game theory and graphic theory ; in the fifth chapter, on the bases of analysis of no operational risks, coordination mechanism of no was studied by individually modeling the no without core and no with core, and then put forward the solution for coordination mechanism of no ; as an important component of coordination mechanism of no, chapter six explored some basic concept of trust and importantly put forward the way of how to build trust in no, especially investigated the supporting function of valid reputation mechanism of no for the trust building, importantly an operational method on building reputation mechanism and evaluation method in no were given ; the last chapter applied the conclusion of the paper to investigate the famous trade web - sunbu. com analyzed its shortcoming and gave the advices of developing

    全文共分為七章，主要內容如下：第一章作為全文的理論出發點和基礎，圍繞網路組織的定義、特徵以及網路組織生存基礎- -電子商務環境等方面對網路組織的基本概念進行了闡述；第二章綜合運用核心能力、競爭戰略和交易費用理論對網路組織產生的理論基礎進行闡述；第三章首先從組織協調的角度對網路組織進行了研究，給出了網路組織的結構，分類和特徵，同時並給出了虛擬企業群簇；然後在此基礎上分別研究了網路組織的生命周期模型、層次模型、過程模型、價值鏈模型，以及運行模式；第四章綜合運用博弈論、圖論的相關知識，通過構建網路組織的模型，對上一章所研究的網路組織結構的形成機理給出了一種理論解釋；第五章在分析網路組織運行風險的基礎上，分別建立無盟主網路組織的博弈論模型和有盟主網路組織的博弈論模型，詳細研究了網路組織的協調機制，然後給出了網路組織協調機制的解決方案；第六章作為網路組織協調機制的重要組成部分，本章在討論了網路組織中建立信任機制的必要性的基礎上，研究了網路組織信任關系的類型，提出了在網路組織中如何建立信任機制。
  9. The effect of the dust charging process becomes significant when the charging time is longer than either the pulse period or the ion response time ( measured by the inverse of the ion plasma frequency )

    因為塵埃粒子的充電時間長于離子響應時間或者負脈沖時間，塵埃粒子的充電過程對鞘層的形成將有很大影響。
  10. In simulations, all important phenomena, such as non - neutral sheath widening near cathode, cathode electron emitting, current channel migrating to the load side of the plasma, ion accelerating toward cathode and magnetic insulation of cathode emitting electrons etc, have been observed and depict the internal physics of this device. also presented is the influence of cathode emitted electrons on phenomena in the conduction processes of pegs. the simulation results show, without cathode emitted electrons, rapid magnetic field penetration takes place only in region near the cathode, with cathode emitted electrons, magnetic field penetration takes place in all plasma region

    診斷發現了陰極表面非中性鞘層的形成、陰極電子發射、電流通道的漂移、等離子體離子加速以及陰極電子磁隔離等物理現象，揭示了這一斷路器件的物理機制；分析了陰極電子對peos導通過程中的物理現象的影響，模擬結果顯示：忽略陰極電子作用，磁場滲透現象主要出現在陰極表面區域，考慮陰極電子作用，磁場滲透現象出現在整個等離子體區域。
  11. The gap formation process, in the last stages of conduction phase of high density ( 1015 / cm3 ) pegs, is examined by pic simulation. in simulations, evolution plots of plasma and current streamline are used to analyze the mechanism of gap formation

    利用粒子模擬程序，對高密度（ 10 ~ （ 15 ） cm ~ 3 ） peos導通電流最後階段真空鞘層的形成過程進行了模擬研究。
  12. The bioactivity of the anodized substrate is evaluated when it is subjected to alkali and heat treatment to form a sodium titanium hydrogel and bonelike apatite on the surface of titanium alloys in simulated body fuild ( sbf ) with ion concentrations near ly equal to those of human blood plasma

    藉助掃描電鏡、 x射線衍射儀、俄歇電子能譜儀和x射線能譜儀，對氧化鈦膜的結構、阻止離子釋放作用、表面活性骨質磷灰石的形成及結合強度進行了較為系統的研究。
  13. In this paper, the microstructures of the joints of aluminum - bronze surfacing on mild steel and on stainless steel are analyzed by means of sem, and the division and formation of bronze / steel joint bond are studied

    藉助于電子顯微鏡技術對在低碳鋼和不銹鋼上堆焊鋁青銅的接頭的組織進行了分析，並對鋁青銅接頭熔合區的形成和區域劃分進行了探討
  14. Abstract : in this paper, the microstructures of the joints of aluminum - bronze surfacing on mild steel and on stainless steel are analyzed by means of sem, and the division and formation of bronze / steel joint bond are studied

    文摘:藉助于電子顯微鏡技術對在低碳鋼和不銹鋼上堆焊鋁青銅的接頭的組織進行了分析，並對鋁青銅接頭熔合區的形成和區域劃分進行了探討
  15. Experimental results revealed that the carrier mobility increased with increasing of the annealing temperature, in the range of the annealing temperature from 650 ? to 850 ?, which implied that the crystal lattice structure was damaged by ion implantation and restored after annealing. furthermore, the square carrier concentration decreased, and the square resistance of the samples implanted by mn + and c increased with the raising of annealing temperature. these results indicated that the second phase such as mnga, mnas ferromagnets was formed by more mn + ions with increasing of the ( gaas ) annealing temperature, so the mn + ions which can provide carriers decreased

    由實驗結果可以知道在退火溫度為650 850范圍內，樣品的載流子遷移率隨著退火溫度的提高呈上升趨勢，說明雜質元素的注入對樣品造成晶格損傷，但退火對這些損傷具有修復作用；此外，隨著退火溫度的上升，樣品的方塊載流子濃度不斷下降，加c樣品的方塊電阻不斷上升，這都是因為隨著退火溫度的提高，摻入的mn ~ +離子不再提供載流子，而是形成了mnga 、 mnas等磁性第二相。
  16. The thesis mainly investigated the bati _ 4o _ 9 ( bt _ 4 ), which has the lowest dielectric loss in ba - ti system, and ( ba, sr ) tio _ 3, the a position substitute compound of batio _ 3. the dielectric properties of bt _ 4 / bst with different preparation way and different elements doping were investigated. a archimedes method, xrd, sem, impedance analyzer, network analyzer and hakki - coleman method were used to investigate the density, phase formation, microstructure, dielectric properties and doping mechanisms

    本論文以在ba - ti系中具有最低介電損耗的bati _ 4o _ 9 （ bt _ 4 ）高頻介質陶瓷和batio _ 3a位sr取代而得的（ ba ， sr ） tio _ 3 （ bst ）高頻介質陶瓷作為研究對象，對不同粉體制備方法制備的bt _ 4 / bst高頻電介質材料進行不同元素的摻雜，運用阿基米德方法， x射線衍射分析儀，掃描電子顯微鏡和阻抗分析儀，網路分析儀， hakki - coleman法等方法手段和測試儀器測試燒成樣品的密度，相組成情況，微觀結構和介電性能，探討造成介電性能起伏的形成機理。
  17. With the development of microelectronic products ( integrated circuit, printed circuit board, etc ) directing to high density, thin separation and low defect ratio, its inspection requirement is higher on aspects of precision, efficiency, universal, and intelligence etc. therefore, this paper researched on the general key techniques in the field of microelectronic products vision inspection, covered the shortage of traditional inspection on aspects of fast and precision locating, image mosaic, and fine defect test, completed theory study on physical dimension and defect inspection of microelectronic products based on machine vision, developed the prototype and used lots of experiments to prove its correctness and feasibility

    隨著微電子產品（集成電路晶元、印刷電路板等）向著高密度、細間距和低缺陷方向發展，對其檢測技術在精密、高效、通用和智能化等方面提出了更高要求。由此，本文對微電子產品視覺檢測中的關鍵技術進行研究，彌補了傳統檢測在精確快速定位、圖像全景組合和精細缺陷檢測等方面的不足，最終完成基於機器視覺的微電子產品外形尺寸和缺陷檢測的理論研究和樣機研製，並進行了大量實驗證明其正確性和可行性，力圖為我國自主創新的微電子產品視覺檢測技術提供理論和實際借鑒。
  18. Formation terms of polymeric liquid crystals are introduced, and the structure, properties and applications of five new typies of polymeric liquid crystals are reviewed, such as cellulose liquid crystal, chitin liquid crystal, ferroelectric liquid crystal, discotic liquid crystal and halogenated liquid crystal, the progress of polymeric liquid crystals in future is previewed

    摘要闡述了高分子液晶的形成條件，綜述了纖維素液晶、甲殼素液晶、鐵電液晶、盤狀液晶、鹵代液晶等五種新型高分子液晶材料的結構、性能及其應用前景，並對高分子液晶的發展方向進行了展望。
  19. Covalent bond a chemical bond in which one or more pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms

    共價鍵：一般指兩個原子接合時，通過形成共有電子對而產生的化學鍵。
  20. Firstly, this paper introduces the asynchronous motor model, and compares it with the dc motor ’ s. then the paper studies the principle of vector control, and proposes an improved current model of rotor flux observer. this paper also studies the three - level inverter ’ s topology, working principle, the neutral - potential unbalance mechanism and its controlling strategy. the paper especially studies the svpwm in details. the interface between the vector control and the three - level inverter is studied in details, including the generation of reference voltage vector, its judging of the sector and triangular regions, and the working mechanism after it sent into three - level inverter. when synthesizing the reference voltage vector, select the vector which only includes p and o states as the starting vector, thus eliminate the vector shift problem when sector changes. this paper fully takes advantages of the powerful functions of matlab / simulink to set up the simulation model. this construction is very explicit. the simulation results verify the inverter voltage output is correct, the rotor flux is steady, the asynchronous motor ’ s dynamic and steady state performances and speed modulation are excellent

    本文首先介紹了異步電機的數學模型，在此基礎上將異步電機的數學模型與直流電機的數學模型進行了比較;然後介紹了矢量控制的基本原理，採用了一種改進的轉子磁鏈電流型觀測模型;對三電平逆變器的電路拓撲、工作原理、中點電位不平衡的機理及控制方法進行了介紹，詳細分析了空間矢量脈寬調制策略。本文對異步電機的矢量控制與三電平逆變器之間的介面進行了詳細的研究，包括:參考電壓矢量的形成、所落扇區與具體小三角形區域的判斷、送入逆變器之後的工作機理。在參考電壓矢量的合成時，選擇只包含p 、 o狀態的空間電壓矢量作為起始矢量，解決了扇區切換時的矢量突變問題。
分享友人
分享到 Line

分享到臉書