非基因突變 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [fēijīyīntūbiàn]
非基因突變 英文
extragenic mutation
  • 非 : Ⅰ名詞1 （錯誤） mistake; wrong; errors 2 （指非洲） short for africa 3 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞1 ...
  • 因 : Ⅰ動詞[書面語] （沿襲） follow; carry on Ⅱ介詞1 [書面語] （憑借; 根據） on the basis of; in accord...
  • 突 : Ⅰ動詞1 （猛沖） dash forward; shoot out 2 （高於周圍） protrude; bulgeⅡ副詞（突然） abruptly; sud...
  • 突變 : 1 （突然急劇的變化） sudden change; change suddenly; transilience; accident; saltation; revulsion...
  1. Neutral mutation - - evolution at the molecular level is primarily determined by mutational input and random genetic drift, rather than by natural selection

    天然突變- -演化過程中在分子的層次上主要是經由隨機的基因流而決定，並非藉由天擇所影響。
  2. Combined with methods of economics, finance, management, and psychology, this article breaks through the theory that financial development in only the change of its structure. this article firstly brings up the conception non - bankization for the very first time and points out that a general rule of financial development is the non - bankization of financial intermediary system. basing on this, the structure change of financial intermediary system and china ' s case are studied

    本文結合使用經濟金融學、管理學和心理學等領域的方法，突破了金融發展只是金融結構變化的理論，首次提出金融發展「非銀行化」的概念，明確指出金融發展的一般規律是金融中介機構系統的非銀行化，並從此概念出發，系統地研究了金融中介機構體系結構的變化及其動因和績效，並在此基礎上研究了中國的金融發展。
  3. For the tectonic coal ， the properties of higher porosity and lower permeability make it capable of keeping higher gas pressure ； both of the “ isolating action ” and “ gas - cushion action ” cut down the resistance against outburst ； the specifity of high - defomed - extent makes desorption ， escape and flowing quickly become possible ； the existing of weak - seam or “ thoroughfare - seam ” create suitable conditions for the initial erupting and continued developing of coal and gas outburst. on the whole ， it is the synhesis action of all factors ， which leads to outbursts. the existing of tectonic coal with certain thickess is the essential condition of coal and gas outbursts ， but not the sufficient condition

    高空隙率、低透氣性使構造煤能夠保持較高的瓦斯壓力；破碎性、 「隔離」作用及「氣墊」作用，使構造煤抵禦外力作用的能力大大降低；構造煤變形幅度大的特性，為瓦斯的迅速解吸、放散和快速流動創造了條件；構造煤薄弱分層或「通道層」的存在，則為煤與瓦斯突出的初始激發和持續發展奠定了基礎；上述因素的共同作用，影響和制約了煤與瓦斯突出的強度和分佈.盡管如此，一定厚度的構造煤的存在只是發生煤與瓦斯突出的必要條件和有利條件，而非充分條件
  4. Therefore, it is important to study the profiles of gene expression, which will help understand the global cellular stress responses to chemical carcinogens, and further elucidate the mechanisms of nontargeted mutagenesis

    所以，從整體上研究烷化劑作用后細胞基因表達譜改變，對于了解化學致癌物誘發的哺乳動物細胞應激反應的全貌和揭示非定標性突變的發生機制具有非常重要的意義。
  5. In our laboratory, a unique mutation detection system using a shuttle vector plasmid has been established to demonstrate that a low concentration of mnng ( 0. 2 m ) can induce nontargeted mutation in mammalian cells : the mammalian cells were exposed to 0. 2m mnng for 2. 5h, then a shuttle plasmid pz189 carrying supf trna gene was transfected into cells after 24h culture. we found a 5 - fold higher mutation frequency of the plasmid replicated in pretreated cells than the spontaneous mutation frequency of the plasmid replicated in control cells. this kind of mutation did not occur immediately after mnng exposure

    我們實驗室曾用一特殊的突變檢測系統，直接證明dna損傷劑可在哺乳動物細胞誘發非定標性突變：首先用低濃度（ 0 . 2 m ）的短壽烷化劑mnng （半壽期為1 . 1hr ）處理細胞2 . 5h后，繼續培養24h ，將重組有用作突變檢測的靶基因supftrna基因的穿梭質粒pz189轉入細胞復制，發現在未受致癌物直接攻擊的穿梭質粒中有較自發突變率高5倍以上的靶基因突變。
  6. In e coli, dna polymerases are key enzymes involved in two distinguished pathways contributing to untargeted mutagenesis. replication of dna by pol v ( umuc ), in the presence of umud1, reca and single strand binding protein ( ssb ), is highly mutagenic and exhibits a predominant mutation pattern of base transversion. another error prone polymerase involved in untargeted mutagenesis is pol iv, encoded by dinb gene

    在umud ' ， reca和單鏈結合蛋白ssb的協助下， polv （ umuc ）能在單鏈模板上催化dna合成並產生高頻率的以堿基顛換為主要形式的突變；另一個與非定標性突變有關的易誤dna聚合酶是pol ，為dinb基因的編碼產物。
  7. The research team of prof chan hsiao chang, director of the epithelial cell biology research centre, in collaboration with zhejiang academy of medical sciences, demonstrated that cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator cftr is involved in transporting bicarbonate into sperm, and thus, is vital to sperm fertilizing capacity and male fertility. cftr is an anion channel, mutations of which cause cystic fibrosis, a disease characterized by defective cl - and hco3 - transport with clinical manifestations in a number of organ systems

    由陳小章教授領導的香港中文大學上皮細胞生物學研究中心的研究人員，與浙江醫學科學院合作，證實囊性纖維化跨膜電導調節器（ cftr ）負責輸送碳酸氫根進入精子，對精子授精能力及男性生育能力非常重要； cftr是一個陰離子通道，其基因突變會導致囊性纖維化，因為氯離子和碳酸氫根（ hco3 - ）分泌缺陷，引發一系列器官病徵。
  8. The phylogenic relation and similarity of the gene is full length of lfy - like gene, which is 99 % similar both in nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequences with that of ginlfy f rom the female. compared with the ginlfy of female, the gene from the male tree is deficient in 3 bp, and mutantion sites exists on the varied region of lfy - like

    該基因與文獻報道的銀杏雌株leafy基因相比，核苷酸序列同源性高達99 ，蛋白質序列同源浙江大學博士學位論文摘要性達99 ，缺少了3個核昔酸，突變均在植物leaf 』 y基因的非保守區內。
  9. Yellow bettas are also called non - red ( nr ) bettas. this mutated gene causes the alteration of red pigment to yellow

    黃斗魚又稱為非紅斗魚，基因的突變讓紅色素轉黃。
  10. This kind of mutation may be not only induced by dna damage but also through the epigenetic pathway other than the nuclear origin including the activation of various signal transduction pathways and altered expressions of many genes

    這種突變除了可能由dna損傷途徑觸發外，也有可能通過非核起源的外遺傳（ epigenetic ）途徑，激活細胞信號轉導通路，引起一系列基因表達的改變而最終導致突變的形成。
  11. This kind of mutation may be not only being triggered by the signals originated from dna damage, but also by the signals of extra - nuclear origin through the epigenetic pathway including the activation of various signal transduction pathways and alterations of gene expressions

    這種突變除了可能由dna損傷觸發的途徑外，已證明還有非核起源的信號觸發的外遺傳（ epigenetic ）途徑介入，激活細胞信號轉導通路，引起一系列基因表達的改變而最終導致突變的形成。
  12. After the discussion of the numerical simulation method based on the fdtd method and the pml technique, the motions of the charges and the electrical field lines were first employed to describe the radiation procedures of the pulse electromagnetic waves. then the causes of how the charges are accelerated and how the motion status of the charges are maintained were further studied from the angle of interaction of charge and field. after these analyses, it was pointed out that the pulse radiation is due to the suddenly occurred time - varying electrical field ( displacement current ) in the open space. this view was further evidenced by two examples : one is the partly resistance loaded antenna, the other is the partly curved antenna. the radiation procedures of the pulse electromagnetic waves of many different situations were simulated throughout this paper with the contours and waveforms of electric field given. these figures are very helpful to the understanding of the radiation mechanism of the pulse electromagnetic waves

    在討論了基於時域有限差分法和完全匹配層技術的數值模擬方法之後，首先從運動電荷和電力線的角度直觀地描述了脈沖電磁波的輻射過程，然後進一步從場與電荷相互作用的角度分析了天線上電荷是如何被加速以及如何維持其運動狀態的，指出了開放空間中突然出現的時變電場（位移電流）是脈沖電磁波輻射的根本原因.文中還對局部電阻加載的天線和局部彎曲的天線進行了研究，以進一步說明上述觀點.對多種情況下的脈沖輻射過程進行了數值模擬，並給出了電場的等高線和空間波形圖，這些圖形對理解脈沖電磁波的輻射機理非常有益
  13. The mutation allows for the production of igf - ii, a growth factor that ordinarily comes only from the male genome and is crucial for embryonic development

    這項突變讓卵子製造出一般只有雄性基因組才能製造、對胚胎發育非常重要的類胰島素生長因子2 （ igf - ） 。
  14. An expression vector with fragment 9 in antisense orientation was constructed to block the expression of the relevant gene ( fragment 9 related gene, fnr gene ) in vero cells. interestingly, we found that the nontargeted mutation frequency induced by mnng was increased significantly, implicating that the product of the blocked gene may be involved in the inhibition of nontargeted mutation

    利用反義核酸技術構建含反向插入9號片段的真核細胞表達重組體並轉染細胞，以獲得反義rna阻斷vero細胞中相應基因的表達，發現mn 』 ng誘發的非定標性突變頻率顯著增高，提示被阻斷的相關基因的表達產物可能參與抑制非定標性突變的發生。
  15. Using public databases of dna sequences, they found that people who speak non - tonal languages commonly have mutated versions of two different genes

    利用dna序列的公共數據庫，他們發現說非聲調語言的人通常有兩種不同基因的突變形式。
  16. It clearly allows us to engineer enzymes with novel functions and features by strategies, such as error - prone pcr, dna shuffling and stagger extension process ( step ), when very little is known about spatial configuration of proteins. therefore millions of years in nature can in principle be accomplished in the test within several years. according to the basic idea of directed evolution, we modified the a - aldc gene by error - prone pcr

    它不需要事先了解酶的空間結構和催化機制，而通過在體外模擬自然進化機制（隨機突變，重組和自然選擇） ，利用易錯pcr ， dna改組，交錯延伸等方法，改造酶基因，定向選擇（或篩選）有價值的非天然酶，短期內在試管中完成在自然界需要幾百萬年的進化過程。
  17. The absence of the fmr1 gene product, fragile x mental retardation protein ( fmrp ), is believed to be responsible for the typical physical and mental characteristics of the fragile x syndrome. alleles with between 43 and 200 cgg repeats are called permutation. they are generally unmethylated with normal transcript and protein level, but are extremely unstable during transmission to next generation

    帶有前突變（ n = 43 200 ）的個體其fmr1基因通常不會甲基化，可以正常轉錄和翻譯產生fmrp ，故沒有臨床表型出現，但是，在向下一代傳遞的過程中卻是非常不穩定的，會從前突變擴增成為全突變。
  18. The impetus for this change, he theorizes, was not an encounter with another hominid type ( for by this time in africa, h. sapiens was free of competition with other human species ) but rather a genetic mutation some 50, 000 years ago that altered neural processes and thereby unleashed our forebears ' powers of innovation

    克萊恩的理論是，那次轉變的動力，不是與另一種人類的沖突，因為那時非洲已經沒有其他的人類了，而是五萬年前智人基因組發生的一個突變，那個突變改變了神經過程，將我們祖先的創造天賦釋放出來。
  19. Furthermore, we found the mutagenesis relies on the alteration on gene expression profile induced by mnng treatment ; and also, the expression of dna polymerase p ( pol p ) was proved increased after mnng treatment

    這種不依賴于dna損傷的非定標性突變隨后被證明依賴于mn 』 ng引起的細胞內基因表達的變化。進一步我們用rtpcr技術證明dna聚合酶e （ p 。 lp ）的表達在mn 』 ng處理后顯著升高。
  20. Meanwhile, among 12 rifampin - susceptible isolates, 3 non - rifampin - resistant isolates have mutation relating rifampin - resistance in codon 531, 526 or 511 of rpob gene respectively. it probably resulted from the incorrect result of drug susceptibility testing

    同時，在12株利福平敏感株中， 3株耐非利福平菌株分別在rpob基因的531 、 526 、 511位密碼子發生了與耐利福平有關的突變，可能是藥敏結果有誤所致。
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