預算流用 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [yùsuànliúyòng]
預算流用 英文
budgetary transfer
  • 預 : Ⅰ副詞（預先; 事先） in advance; beforehand Ⅱ動詞（參與） take part in
  • 算 : Ⅰ動詞1 （計算數目） calculate; reckon; compute; figure 2 （計算進去） include; count 3 （謀劃;計...
  • 流 : Ⅰ動1 （液體移動; 流動） flow 2 （移動不定） drift; move; wander 3 （流傳; 傳播） spread 4 （向壞...
  • 用 : Ⅰ動詞1 （使用） use; employ; apply 2 （多用於否定: 需要） need 3 （敬辭: 吃; 喝） eat; drink Ⅱ名...
  • 預算 : budget1991
  1. But as a kind of mature management system, it has n ' t been applied successfully in most of chinese companies. the reasons of that include misunderstanding of science property of overall budget management 、 unfit budget management organization 、 lack of scientific management methods, and another important reason is that most of companies use the traditional building method of budget management system. the traditional building method based on the company ' s existing department functions, keeping the existing management process and work process fixedness, and expressing the department ' s work plan in quantity or currency form as their budget

    然而全面預算管理作為一項比較成熟的管理體系，在我國大部分企業卻並沒有得到很好的實施，這其中固然有對全面預算管理科學性認識不足、預算編制工作的組織不到位、缺乏科學的預算管理手段和控制手段等原因外，另一個重要原因是大部分企業在構建全面預算管理體系時使用的是傳統的構建方法，即基於企業現有的部門職能劃分而進行的，在保持作業流程和管理流程不變的情況下，將部門工作計劃以貨幣或數量的方式表示出來，即成為公司預算。
  2. In order to calculate difficult transportation cost between plants and distribution centers in the fitness value function, flow prediction algorithm was presented to find an minimum - cost flow patterns on an network composed of plants, consolidation centers and distribution centers with concave transportation costs and to obtain the appropriate fitness value

    為了解決適應度函數中的工廠與分銷中心之間的運輸成本計算困難的問題，提出了流預測演算法，用於確定產品在工廠、集貨中心和分銷中心構成的凹費用流網路中的最優運輸路徑，進而獲得適應度函數值。
  3. Then we introduce the character of the atmosphere channel, which we emphasized on the atmosphere scatter, absorption and scintillation ' s effect on the laser beam. in chapter, we explain why we used cassegrain telescope to collect the optical signal at first, then the lightsource, detector, front amplifier used in optical communication has been compared to that of fiber communication, the noise including shot noise, thermal noise and background light noise has been explained here for analysis the snr and ber in the next section

    在第三章介紹無線光接入系統的光收發單元，採用多孔徑卡塞格倫式的收發天線對消除減小大氣湍流影響有較大作用，針對大氣通道的特點無線光系統收發單元在光源、光探測器、前置放大電路上存在許多有別于光纖通信的技術，同時還闡述了光接收機包括背景噪聲的噪聲機制和接收靈敏度、誤碼率等指標，最後給出了一個整個傳送鏈路的功率預算。
  4. To analyze some key technologies of optical network relative with rwa in detail, such as transmission, switching and internetworking ; to emphasize on the research of function, fabric and performance of optical cross - connection ; to carry out numerical simulations for crosstalk introduced by optical cross connect and to present measurements for suppressing it such as doubly filtering, fixing optimum decision threshold and appropriately choosing the number of multiplexed wavelengths ; 3. to research the fundamental principle and some problems relative with rwa, including the type of optical network, the type of traffic, the type of service, the survivability of optical network ; to classify and compare rwa algorithms and particularly research some dynamic rwa algorithms ; 4. to present reserved light - path and classify network resource such as used, unused and reserved status, to emulate establishment of all - optical connection in optical network through modified rwa algorithm and show effectively reducing setup time of all - optical connection utilizing reserved light - path ; to research rwa algorithms of multi - fiber network, to present new link weight functions dependent on node degree, unused fiber ( s ) per wavelength - layer and routing policies, to perform emulation of rwa based wavelength layer graph applying new link weight functions and show them make algorithms better performance and network lower blocking rate ; 5

    詳細分析了與rwa相關的光網路關鍵技術，包括傳輸、交換、組網等，重點研究了光交叉連接的功能和結構、性能，對其引入的串擾進行了詳細分析，選擇恰當的器件參數進行了數值模擬，並提出了抑制措施（如雙重濾波、優化判決門限、選擇恰當的復用波長數） ; 3 .研究了光網路的r認叭的基本原理、與r認叭的幾個相關問題（光網路類型、業務類型、流量類型、光網路生存性） 、 r認人演算法的分類和比較，具體研究了幾種動態r場人演算法; 4 .研究了以全光連接建立時間為優化目標的r認認演算法，提出預置光路的概念，對網路資源進行狀態分類（佔用、未佔用、預置） ，利用改進的r認叭演算法模擬，預置光路可為部分新到的連接請求快速建立連接，從而提高網路性能;研究了以多光纖網路連接阻塞率為優化目標的r認城演算法，提出了以節點度數、每個波長分層的空閑光纖數以及路由策略決定的幾種鏈路權重函數，利用基於波長分層圖模型的并行r場人演算法模擬，利用新的鏈路權重函數使得演算法具有更優的性能，使網路具有更低的連接阻塞率。
  5. The inner and self control of human being are more effective than any other outer control, so the best way to stimulate the human activities and make them take initiative action against evil behaviors is motivation. with the coordination and guidance as the main aim, internal equilibrium system introduces motivation and implies " motivation & restraint ", it is suggested that the practical internal equilibrium system should be established on the basis of inve stors, managers and common employees and perfect corporate governance system. in addition, the paper concerns some points in implementation of internal equilibrium, such as how to reform the mode of current accounting system, how to extend the function of internal audit and how to motivate human behavior through budget management

    其新穎之處為解決當前企業面臨最大問題「搭便車」和「代理成本」問題，提供了設計思路：以激勵機制為核心，在制度基礎上實現「激勵相容」 ，以「市場鏈」為紐帶的業務流程再造，把人的管理與財和物的管理結合起來；最後本文論述了內部制衡的實施是新經濟時代的要求，在實施中關注的問題：變革現行會計「見物不見人」的核算模式、擴大內部審計職能、提高預算管理的激勵作用等。
  6. The budget of the investment : the total investment capital is 14. 5 million yuan rmb, the construction cost is 9. 5 million yuan rmb, the investment of equipment fixing is 1 million yuan rmb, the cost for purchasing the equipment and tools is 1 million yuan rmb, the other costs are is 2 million yuan rmb, the current fund is 1 million yuan, the self capital is 4. 5 million yuan rmb and the capital importation is 10 million yuan rmb

    投資預算：總投資1450萬元人民幣，建築工程費950萬元人民幣，安裝工程費100萬元人民幣，設備工器具購置費100萬元人民幣，其他費用200萬元人民幣，鋪底流動資金100萬元人民幣，其中自有資金450萬元人民幣，引進資金1000萬元人民幣。
  7. Discount rate - interest rate used to determine the present value of cash flows. for analyzing capital budgeting projects, the discount rate is usually the cost of capital

    貼現率?用於確定現金流的現值的利率。在分析資本預算項目時，貼現率通常就是資本成本。
  8. For these purposes, we research on the budgeting modes which started by profit and cost emphatically, towards both of the budgeting modes, by using the theorys and methods of forecasting and variety cvp, and by using the models of standard cost compute and unit cost adjusting based on bom / bop, we table two kinds of budget targets forecasting and calculating method systems, and design two kinds of budgeting flow, various methods and models we mention above make sure that the two modes are rational. based on the research of the two budgeting modes, we table the evaluation method of budget result data rationality and then we analyse the excuting and controlling manner of compositive budget system, later we teble a compositive budget excuting and controlling model

    基於以上目的，重點研究了以利潤和成本為起點的預算編制模式，針對兩種不同的模式，結合預測和多品種量本利分析的相關理論和方法，並利用基於bom / bop的標準成本計算與單位成本調整模型，分別給出了兩套不同的預算指標測算方法體系，設計了以利潤預算和成本預算為起點的預算編制流程，以上所用到的各種方法和模型保證了兩種模式的合理性。在研究兩種預算模式的基礎上，提出了綜合預算結果的合理性評價方法，並分析了綜合預算的執行與控制機制問題，給出了綜合預算的執行與控制模型。
  9. The results should be improved by reconsidering the boundary conditions. the research is useful for hydrodynamic calculation of the submerged body by using cfd technique

    本論文的研究為用計算流體動力學（ cfd ）方法預報潛體的水動力性能打下了一定的基礎。
  10. Based on netomac, a software package for power system simulation, the model and algorithm of pre - dispatch schedule in generation markets, excitation system parameter setting, and power system small signal stability anaylsis are studied in this thesis. the main work is as follows : a model of pre - dispatch schedule is proposed, whose target is to minimize the market purchasing price ( mpp ) in the whole pre - dispatch period. then according to the characteristics of pre - dispatch schedule, the model of pre - dispatch schedule is simplified to minimize the mpp in each pre - dispatch time, and a three - step algorithm of pre - dispatch schedule is designed : dealing with the optimal problem in the whole period of pre - dispatch with static planning method, solving the problem of combination of machines with pr1 method, resolving problem of optimal power flow ( opf ) with modified powell method

    本文基於netomac模擬軟體，以發電市場預調度計劃模型及演算法、勵磁系統參數整定和電力系統小擾動穩定性分析為研究內容，主要做了以下工作：建立了以整個預調度計劃周期內的市場購電價格最小為目標的發電市場預調度計劃模型，並根據預調度計劃問題狀態數多、變量多、混合整數、非解析的特點，將預調度計劃模型的目標函數簡化為各時段的市場清算電價最小，設計了三段式預調度演算法：用靜態規劃法求解整個預調度計劃周期內的優化問題；用優先級法求解機組組合問題；用改進的powell法求解最優潮流問題。
  11. This thesis attempts to build the enterprise group overall budget management system with value chain analysis method of michaele ? porter. after value chain and value activity analysis, we can find out the emphases of overall budget management, we can find out the information 、 opportunity and method to reduce the value activity cost, and confirm the emphases of process revolution, optimize the management process and work process. and then, design the overall budget management system according the circulation of the budget management, apply the system in idiographic enterprise group

    本文嘗試利用波特的價值鏈分析方法進行企業集團全面預算管理體系的構建，對企業的價值鏈和價值活動進行分析，確定全面預算管理的重點；在價值鏈系統中尋找降低價值活動成本的信息、機會和方法，確定流程改進的重點，對管理流程和作業流程進行優化；在經過流程化整合的組織結構基礎上，按照預算管理過程的循環進行全面預算管理體系的系統設計，並結合具體企業加以應用。
  12. With the rapid development of computational fluid dynamics and combustion theory, applying the computer to numerically simulate the complicated processes in the plasma ignition is possible. using numerical simulation can estimate the parameters which are not essay to measure and not doing so many experiments can improve its reliability and reduce the cost. so numerical simulation is a new pattern way to study the inner mechanism of the plasma ignition

    隨著計算流體力學和燃燒理論的發展及計算機的廣泛應用，用數值模擬等離子點火器內部燃燒系統流動、傳熱、傳質、化學反應等復雜的過程已成為可能。應用數值模擬的方法可以對實驗難以測量的量進行預估，而不需要大量的試驗，應用數值模擬的方法來解決等離子點火器燃燒性能的分析和工程設計，有利於提高工作的可靠性和經濟性。
  13. ( 1 ) the cfd model for the pulse combustion spray drying process. the computational fluid dynamics ( cfd ) based on the two - phase flow theory was employed in this paper, which used the standard k - e model and the particle trajectory model to simulate the gas - particle flow in the drying chamber. the momentum, heat and mass transfer regarding both gaseous and particulate phases during the spray drying inside the drying chamber was also revealed

    為解決這一難題，本文利用氣體一顆粒兩相流理論和計算流體力學（ cfd ）技術，建立了更符合實際噴霧乾燥過程的數學模型即噴霧乾燥的cfd模型，並進行了脈動燃燒噴霧乾燥過程模擬，其主要內容如下： （ 1 ）建立了脈動燃燒噴霧乾燥的cfd模型該數學模型建立在氣體一顆粒兩相流基礎之上，用標準k -模型預測乾燥室內的氣體湍流運動過程，顆粒軌道模型追蹤乾燥室內顆粒群的運動軌跡，熱質傳遞模型描述空氣和液滴的熱質傳遞過程。
  14. Numerical prediction of ship hydrodynamic performance at design stage using computational fluid dynamics ( cfd ) technique is a most important and challenging subject in the field of ship hydrodynamics. with the rapid development of computational methods and computer technology, cfd is becoming a practical tool in ship design

    採用計算流體動力學（ cfd ）技術實現在船舶設計階段對船舶水動力性能的精確預報，是船舶水動力學學科中一個具有重大理論和實用意義的、富有挑戰性的課題。
  15. Using cfx4. 3 code with finite difference and simplec methods, the temperature distribution of ladle lining baked at different preheating temperature of combustion gas was studied numerically and experimentally

    利用計算流體力學軟體cfx4 . 3 ，採用有限差分方法和修正的速度壓力耦合演算法simplec ，計算了某廠蓄熱式鋼包內襯的溫度分佈，重點分析了不同氣體預熱溫度下鋼包內襯溫度的變化規律，並進行了實驗驗證。
  16. The professional creative procedure and advanced manufacturing craft will effectively strengthen product impact, improve brand image and diminish the budget

    專業的製作流程和先進的製作工藝，可以有效地擴大產品影響力和提升品牌形象，降低預算費用。
  17. It will be interesting to see if the single issue on 25 september last year of rmb190 billion of bills will become a continuous feature. the sale and repurchase of government bonds is, however, predicated upon the undesirable arrangement of the central bank financing budget deficits and therefore should really be phased out, perhaps through outright sales instead

    另一方面，由於出售及回購政府債券可能被誤以為是央行為政府預算赤字融資的一種手段，應該逐漸把規模減少，可考慮利用現在有沖銷外資流入需要的機會，賣斷這些在央行手中的政府債券。
  18. When making estimate of the cash flow after the year of the budget or forecast, the growth rates adopted shall not, unless the enterprise can prove that it is reasonable to adopt higher growth rates, exceed the long - term average growth rate of the products, or the market, or the industrial field which the enterprise belongs to, or the country or region where the enterprise is located, or the long - term average growth rate of the market where the asset is situated

    在對預算或者預測期之後年份的現金流量進行預計時，所使用的增長率除了企業能夠證明更高的增長率是合理的之外，不應當超過企業經營的產品、市場、所處的行業或者所在國家或者地區的長期平均增長率，或者該資產所處市場的長期平均增長率。
  19. Along with the development of computer scientific techniques and wide appliance in shipbuilding, numerical method based on cfd technique has become an effective tool for predicting the resistance and optimum design of ships

    隨著計算機科學技術的發展及其在造船學科的日益廣泛的應用，基於計算流體動力學（ computationalfluiddynamics ， cfd ）技術的數值計算方法已成為預報船舶阻力和優化設計船型的有效工具。
  20. To properly make projects appraisal, staged investments analysis & intangible assets pricing involved in investments under uncertainty, this thesis, based on the real options thinking, sets up the notion models employing the decision - making tree analysis and the mathematical models by relative comparison and cash - flow analysis. cases are also included in the analyzing process. the main results are as the following

    本論文以實物期權思想為基礎，針對不確定性投資決策過程中的項目評價、階段性預算分析和無形資產定價三類問題，運用決策樹分析方法構造概念模型，綜合相對比較法和現金流分析構造數學模型，並結合算例進行評價分析，主要取得如下研究結果： 1
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