預算軟約束 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [yùsuànruǎnyāoshù]
預算軟約束 英文
soft budget constraint
  • 預 : Ⅰ副詞（預先; 事先） in advance; beforehand Ⅱ動詞（參與） take part in
  • 算 : Ⅰ動詞1 （計算數目） calculate; reckon; compute; figure 2 （計算進去） include; count 3 （謀劃;計...
  • 軟 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （質地不硬） soft; flexible; supple; pliable 2 （柔和） soft; mild; gentle 3 （軟弱） we...
  • 約 : 約動詞[口語] （用秤稱） weigh
  • 束 : Ⅰ動詞1 （捆; 系） bind; tie 2 （控制; 約束）control; restrain Ⅱ量詞（用於捆在一起的東西） bundle;...
  • 預算 : budget1991
  • 約束 : keep within bounds; restrain; bind; bound; boundage;tie; restraint; restriction; engagement; repr...
  1. As a kind of endogenic phenomenon of progressive reform, the reasons of financial dilemma lie in financial preference of nationalization and soft budget restriction of state - owned enterprises, asymmetric information and the rate which is not decided by market transaction, and the actual ownership - discrimination of stock market and bond market

    作為漸進改革的一種內生現象，民營經濟的金融困境源於「國有化」金融偏好與國有企業預算軟約束，信息不對稱與利率非市場化，以及股票市場與債券市場事實上的「所有制」歧視。
  2. In this paper matlab and vb are used to build a software which can predict absorption coefficient ' s of the underwater anechoic coatings from these analytical models. finally, some algorithm of the single parameter minimization, nonrestraint nonlinear minimization and restraint minimization in the optimization design theory are studied. the formulas of absorption coefficient of these analytical models are object functions

    本論文利用各種解析模型的聲學設計理論，使用matlab與vb軟體建立了一套水下消聲覆蓋層吸聲系數預報軟體，研究了最優化設計中單參數最小化、無約束非線性最小化和有約束最小化理論的一些演算法，利用現有模型的吸聲系數計算公式作為目標函數，初步優化了一些結構的材料參數。
  3. Nevertheless, in the past, our financial management always focused on the income management, and on the other hand, in the aspect of the expenditure management, problems coursed by the old system such as disorder of budgets, weak restrictions and low efficiencies of the expenditure had not been submitted to the agenda of reform

    然而，過去我國財政管理的重心一直是收入管理，而在支出管理方面，舊體制所造成的預算不規范，預算軟約束、財政支出效率不高等問題卻一直沒能提上改革議程。
  4. The ultimate reason is that sate - owned listed companies are none the less struck by sbc, and the state - owned banks do not realize commercialization. the ownership relation among " listed companies - - state - owned banks - - government " keeps unchanged

    其根本原因在於國有上市公司融資依然存在軟預算約束，我國國有銀行尚未真正實現商業化， 「上市公司? ?國有銀行? ?政府」之間依然保持著剪不斷理還亂的所屬關系。
  5. Soft budget constraints

    軟預算約束
  6. Then the author combines sbc with practice of chinese economic transition in order to analyze and discuss current problems in transition economy from three aspects in chapter 3

    然後在第3章中把軟預算約束與我國的經濟轉軌實踐結合起來，從三個方面分析、探討了轉軌經濟中存在的問題。
  7. The government ' s leading investment has higher cost of entering market, which brings on too bigger scale and more overlapping of investment item ; the government ' s leading investment also has higher obstacle of withdrawing market, which induces the flexibleness of budget restriction and the aggravation of district protecting

    政府主導型投資的進入成本更低，導致此類投資的項目規模更大，重復建設更加普遍；退出障礙更高，導致與之相關的預算軟約束、地方保護問題嚴重。
  8. The soft budge constraint and bad loan mechanism among state - owned commercial banks

    預算軟約束與國有商業銀行不良貸款形成的機制
  9. Discusses the relation between local government fostering, soft restriction on business budget and overinvestment

    摘要論述了地方政府的扶持、企業預算軟約束與投資過熱的關系。
  10. One of the possible reasons for the inefficient utilization of resource in universities is the soft budget constraint

    摘要大學預算軟約束是造成大學資源利用效率低下的重要原因。
  11. This paper focuses on the explaining of sbc in universities from the exogenous and endogenous points of view, and based on this analysis, it puts forward some rational and feasible advice

    本文從外生性和內生性的角度分析了大學預算軟約束的成因，並在此基礎上提出了合理可行的對策建議。
  12. In addition, the author analyzes the reverse coercion system of the soft budget restriction and points out that the collective action taken by state - owned enterprises once coerce banks into providing them the credit

    此外，筆者還分析了預算軟約束的倒逼機制，指出國有企業的集體行動曾迫使銀行提供信貸。
  13. With regard to the existing soft budget constraint problems in some countries after economic transition, the paper makes some comprehensive analyses on the development of the soft budget constraint theory

    摘要針對一些國家在經濟轉軌后仍然存在預算軟約束問題，本文對預算軟約束理論的近期發展進行了總結分析。
  14. In the mature markets such as america, the corporation is an independent financing subject, which has hard budget control. however in china, the corporation is not an independent subject, which is affected by the special economic environment

    企業在相當程度上還不是一個獨立的融資主體，企業產權關系不清，企業的運行在不同程度上面臨著預算軟約束和信貸軟約束，缺乏有效的破產機制的約束。
  15. 2. adopting measure of china ' s stated - owned enterprise institution innovation is : ( 1 ) it must be establishing a fairly and competing economic institution, in which different ownership enterprises can compete on an equal footing, in order to improve its macro - efficiency

    因此，創造多種所有制企業公平競爭的經濟體制環境是國有企業提高效率、消除預算軟約束的關鍵。 （ 2 ）國有企業效率低下的中觀因素在於產業區位錯位。
  16. Such operation character is related to the soft budget restriction existing between the government and state - owned enterprises, and the government ' s interference in the state - owned banks makes such soft budget restriction transfer to the field of credit

    這種行為特徵，與政府和國有企業之間存在的預算軟約束有關。而政府對國有銀行的干預，使這種預算軟約束轉移到信貸領域，從而導致了國有銀行不斷對虧損國有企業提供融資的局面。
  17. The forming of non - performing assets is related to the soft restriction set on enterprise and soft management of bank loans by bank ; to high liability management and low economic benefit of state - owned enterprises ; to the external circumstances and the change of policy during the transferring of china " s economy

    銀行不良資產形成除了銀行本身預算軟約束、管理不善之外也與國有企業高負債經營，效益很差有關，同時與我國經濟轉軌中政策變化以及政府的干涉有關。
  18. After 1989, the increase of demand slowed down and facing the complexion of low degree of industrial concentration of product market and financial strain of medi um and small - sized enterprises caused by the circulating trap of " credit squeeze - - - bad loan ", the advantageous enterprises " " wallow in money ", specifically, those listed companies that could finance from the stock market, began to take predatory pricing strategy in succession and tried to enlarge market share and obtain high return by squeezing medium and small - sized enterprises out of the market after 1998, the vicious circle of deflation and " credit grudging " of banks in product and credit markets, overcapacity, the difficulty of retreating of loss - incurring enterprises in some industries from the market for institutional reasons and over - competition in some industries, led to the incessant decrease of enterprises " global income, persistent increase of rate of debts and constant rise of ratio of bad assets of banks, which further intensified the vicious circle of deflation and " credit grudging " of banks

    如在改革開放初期，在產品市場需求旺盛和信貸市場預算軟約束的情況下，各類企業的最優決策就是採用高負債、高擴張的「負債的有限責任效應」策略來搶占市場並獲得高回報； 1989年以後，需求增速開始放緩，面臨產品市場產業集中度較低和信貸市場「信貸緊縮-不良貸款」循環陷阱導致的中小企業資金緊張的局面， 「錢袋鼓鼓」的優勢企業（尤其是那些可以通過股票市場融通資金的上市公司）紛紛採用掠奪性定價策略，試圖通過把中小企業擠出市場來擴大市場份額並獲得高收益； 1998年以後，產品市場和信貸市場形成了通貨緊縮和銀行「惜貸」惡性循環的狀況。產品市場上部分行業生產能力嚴重過剩，且由於體制等原因導致虧損企業無法退出，因此這些行業中出現了過度競爭的現象，企業總體收益的不斷下滑、負債率不斷提高以及銀行不良資產率的持續上升，又進一步加強了通貨緊縮和銀行「惜貸」的惡性循環。
  19. Finally, the paper discusses the conditions of internal financial risk in china, and points out the nonperforming assets of banks to be the most critical financial risk, and then explores the reason in the method of the game theory, and concludes that the soft budget constraint faced by chinese state - owned enterprises is the answer of the problem

    最後分析了中國整個金融體系的風險累積現狀，指出銀行業的不良貸款是金融風險最大的隱患；並運用博弈論分析表明在中國國有企業的預算軟約束是不良資產形成的主要原因。
  20. Soft budget constraint ( sbc ) which means central planner must commit to save the companies who had been caught in financial constraint, including events such as hindering the reorganization of bankrupt firms, subsidizing deficit enterprises continually, prolonging the deadline of bad loan and even refunding them, has been the symbol of transition economies, not to say china

    處在轉型過程中的中國經濟不可避免地具有預算軟約束這一轉型經濟的通病，即計劃者不能承諾不去解救虧損企業，擴展開來就包括阻礙虧損企業實施結構重組、持續補貼虧損企業以及對不良貸款的展期和再融資等。
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