顯失公平 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [xiǎnshīgōngpíng]
顯失公平
英文
clearly unconscionable-
If press real value to cast, guarantee a place difficult of access of automobile body loss, the insurance cost of old car is apparently little at new car, this is inequitable the user of new car to
假如按實際價值投保車身損失險，舊車的保費明顯少於新車，這對新車的用戶而言是不公平的。Part iiilegal issues upon the reform of toll and tax in countryside this part is concentrated to show six problems that the reform of toll and tax in countryside is to be up against and is to be peremptorily settled as following : the first one, in the confirming of agricultural tax, it is very difficult to protect the farmer ' s rights fairly because of unscientific of the evidence at assessment, highly of tax rate, and the absence of law and statute correlatively ; the second one, on the tax levying, there lack of legal systems that is to supervise and run, especially lack of law and statute which lead to collect agricultural special tax canonically ; the third one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside extrudes unbalance burden among farmers and countries, and lead to unevenly between subject of tax payment, which breaches the legal rule of balanceable tax ; the fourth one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside faces the danger that farmers " burden tends to rebound because of weakly carry through legal rule on tax statutory and absent of law and statute correlatively ; the fifth one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside affects the finance and revenue - expenditure auditing of the grass roots and father affects the grass roots to raise fee upon public construction and education, as a result, there ' s more charge that is out of law, the monocracy of grass roots " finance ought to be carry out ; the sixth one, legal measures connect with the reform of toll and tax in countryside in dire need of to be built, which mainly conclude legal system that adjust country social security, country compulsory education and country debt
第三部分? ?農村稅費改革的法律課題集中展示了農村稅費改革所面臨且亟待解決的六大法律問題。即：其一，在確定農業稅上，計稅依據不科學、稅率偏高、相關法律規范缺失，無法平等保護農民的合法權益；其二，在農村稅收的徵收上，缺乏行之有效的法律監督和運行機制，尤其是農業特產稅的徵收缺乏保障據實徵收的法律規范;其三，稅費改革凸顯農民之間、農村之間的負擔不均，使納稅主體的權利義務失衡，有悖稅負均衡的法律原則;其四，由於稅收法定主義沒有得到有效貫徹，規制農民負擔反彈方面的法律法規缺位，致使農村稅費改革潛伏著農民負擔反彈的風險;其五，稅費改革影響基層組織的財政收支，進而影響鄉村公益事業建設及教育經費的籌措，引發稅外亂收費沉渣泛起，基層財政體製法治化勢在必行;其六，與稅費改革相關的配套法律措施巫待構建，主要是農村社會保障法律體系、鄉村義務教育和鄉村債務疏導的法律支撐魚待構建與完善。第四部分一一農村稅費改革與相關法律制度的構建基於上一部分提出的法律問題，力圖構築農村稅費改革的法律框架並提出相應對策。They believe that the damages should be borne by the party concerned who has the capability of cost dissipation, and, with the enterprise who creates danger adding the losses it undertakes to the cost of its product, be finally dissipated to thousands and thousands pf consumers who buy the product, reaching the goal of allocation of losses in cost. the liability for damages should be assumed by the party who is capable of performing the duty of awareness and avoiding the accident. the victim normally has not such capability while the danger creator does have the capability to prevent the damage occurring
認為損害應由具有成本分散能力的一方當事人承擔，通過製造危險的企業將其商品的成本中加入其所承擔的損失，而分散給購買其商品的千千萬萬個消費者而達到成本分攤損失的目的；損害責任應由有能力採取注意義務；避免意外事故發生的當事人負責，受害人一般無此能力，相反危險的製造者則有能力避免損害發生；基於公平的觀念，製造危險者往往從危險活動中受益，由其承擔損失是正義的要求；危險責任的成立，也是訴訟上證據保全的要求，即從事異常危險沼動所導致的損害事件，例如炸藥爆炸、大量汽油爆炸以及飛機失事等、意外事故，查常破壞這些事件過程中的證據，使證據滅失，而由原告證，明被告過失顯然不能，因此對被告的高度危險性活動所生損害應負嚴格責任。Jehovah is righteous in the midst of her ; he does no wrong ; morning by morning he brings his justice to light ; he does not fail ; but he who is wrong knows no shame
5耶和華在她中間是公義的，斷不作不義的事，每早晨顯明?的公平，從無失誤；只是不義的人不知羞恥。2 those that are obviously unfair
二顯失公平的。Article 12 terms and conditions set in a standard contract, which violate the principle of good faith and are conspicuously unfair to consumers, shall be null and void
第12條（定型化契約無效之情形）定型化契約中之條款違反誠信原則，對消費者顯失公平者，無效。The author holds that, bona fides mechanism in chinese contract law should be guided by multiplex standards including the standard of evident unfairness ( unconscionable conduct ), cooperative transaction ( fair dealing, reasonable expectation ) and the fiduciary relationship. it should be a smooth and efficient mechanism based on the rules of pre - contract obligation to negotiate, secondary obligations, the doctrine of change of circumstances and the rules of remedy for breach of contract in good faith, as well as innovative method of case law
作者認為，中國合同法上的誠信機制應該是在「顯失公平標準、合作交易標準和被信任者標準」這一復合誠信標準的指導下，以誠信締約義務制度、誠信附隨義務制度、情勢變更制度、誠信救濟制度等誠信制度為依託，並與判例機制等創新機制相結合而形成的一個通達而高效的機制。In the processing of the practice problem, through the differentiate of the property of the real estate service contract to explicit the body of the real estate management law relation and the both parties ’ right and duty, and to different it from entrust relation and other relations, this is also the necessary premise of the exactitude solves to the real estate management dispute
另外提供人身、財產安全保障服務等對於物業公司而言並不一定是主合同義務。如果當事人對此有特別約定，則物業公司當然的承擔對于業主的人身、財產安全保障服務，保障業主的人身、財產安全，反之則該項義務亦非物業公司的附隨義務，否則對物業公司顯失公平。The new " law on road traffic safety, " may 1, 2004 introduced more than a year ago there were three major problems first, " the principle of accountability " talk about the unfair, two of the compulsory third - party motor vehicle insurance without implementation details the third is the " road traffic accident social relief fund " not implemented, reflecting the new " law on road traffic safety, " developed in a big hurry, the logic is tight, and the relevant laws and regulations is not complete, leading to the traffic accidents between the legitimate interests have not been effectively protected
新《道路交通安全法》 2004年5月1日起實施一年多來存在三大問題，一是「歸責原則」顯失公平，二是機動車第三者責任強制保險未有實施細則，三是「道路交通事故社會救助基金」沒有落實，反映出新《道路交通安全法》制定的倉促、思維邏輯的不嚴密、相關法律法規的不健全，從而導致交通事故中各關系方的合法利益未能得到切實保護。With the distribution system of " giving priority to efficiency with due consideration to fairness " giving impetus to economic growth, the gap in income becomes wide and obvious, which gives rise to the argument directly whether the principle of " giving priority to efficiency " persists in further or not
「效率優先、兼顧公平」目標選擇，在拉動了社會經濟迅速增長的同時，也加速了收入差距擴大化與顯性化。由此直接引發了理論界關于要不要繼續堅持「效率優先」的爭論，有的學者提出了「以效率的損失換取公平」的主張。In china they include economical damages which are similar except that on future income loss and non - economical damages. part six discusses the burden of proof in two countries
總的來說，目前我國醫療事故損害賠償數額是很低的，對受害方顯得很不公平，我們可以借鑒美國經驗對未來收入損失和精神損害賠償加以規范。They are listed as following : one, unfair terms on exemption from obligation ; two, terms depriving of the other party ' s right ; three, terms strengthening the other party ' s burden of obligation and terms distributing risks unfairly between two parties ; four, terms on jurisdiction ; five, other obviously abnormal terms
不公平的格式條款主要有：一、不合理的免責條款；二、失權條款；三、加重責任條款和不合理地分配風險條款；四、訴訟管轄條款；五、其他明顯異常條款。The first chapter discusses the position it stood and the roles it played in the social creditability. it is hold that lack of credit obstructs the sound growth of the economy. in order to maintain the fairness, justice, equality and efficiency of the market economy, notarization must be applied to reduce the trade cost, to ensure to the trade safety and to regulate the market activities
引言部分介紹了公證制度的起源和我國公證制度的歷史發展；第一章論述了公證制度在我國社會信用體系中的地位和作用，認為誠信的缺失已成為我國社會經濟發展的瓶頸，為了維護市場經濟的公平、公正、平等、效能，降低交易成本，維護交易安全，規范市場行為，運用公證手段來預防糾紛，減少訴訟，滿足市場主體對法律服務和法律保障的需求顯得十分必要和有效。Adding to the country s devastation are the loss of homes and property : 1, 128 houses have been swept away by the flood waters while more than 2, 000 houses have collapsed ; 20, 687 hectares of crops have been ruined, 427 km of roads damaged, 67 bridges destroyed, and many schools, gas stations and utility stations, which serve the public needs have been rendered useless
根據平順省洪水賑災中心1999年8月5日公布的統計數字顯示：死亡及失蹤人數為28人， 1 ， 128間房屋被沖走， 2 ， 000間房屋毀損， 20 ， 687公頃的農作物被毀， 427公里的公路遭損害以及67座橋梁倒塌，同時有許多學校加油站和公共設施全毀。Because our legal system belong to the common law, but anticipatory breach is the characteristic of english - american law, can anticipatory breach solve the problems in common law ? when the anticipatory breach is introduced, are there conflicts in the institution ? how to improve the anticipatory breach with these projblems with some faults and shortcomings ? this paper inquires these things in three parts. starting bread with the two outside forms of the auticipatory and the two outside forms of the auticipatory non - permermance, the first part of the passage inquires the value and the orcial base of the anticipatory breach by surveyingjit ' s origination and changing process under the origination and changing process under the special historical background. by comparing the anticipatory breach with counterargument right for security, the second part states a viewpoint that the former is superior is superior to the latter in protection parties " lawful rights though there are many similarities and differences between them. from this, we can come to a comclusion that the counterargument right for security is no substition for conticipetory breach and that the former should be part of the latter. the third party gives a detailed explanation of anticipatory breach in english ? american law systems in chinese system of anticipatory breach. finally, the anther makes some important suggestion : first, the subject of counterargument right for security should be attend to either party of the contract
其價值在於使受害方能提前獲得法律上的救濟，防止其蒙受本來可以避免的損失。第二部分筆者通過對預期違約與不安抗辯權的比較研究，對我國《合同法》應如何處理、協調來自不同法系的這兩項並不完全相同的法律制度的關系提出了自己的觀點。筆者認為不安抗辯權是通過對合同利益期待權的保護，實現法律「公平」和「安全」的價值，而預期違約除標示上述價值目標外，更是法律對「效率違約」這一經濟理論的認可，顯示了法律對「效益」這一價值目標的追求，從而提出預期違約與不安杭辮權二者制度功能相似而制度構造不同，預期違約制度較之不安杭辮權更有利於保護當事人的合法權益，由此得出我國《合同法》中不安抗辮權不僅不能替代預期違約，而是預期違約應該吸納不安抗辮權的結論But, it is an indication of the sentiment in some parts of our economy that patience is wearing thin and we need to pick up the pace in terms of dealing with some of the unfair trade practices that we see like subsidies, like lack of effective enforcement of intellectual property rights
但是，這顯示出我們經濟中一些領域的情緒，也就是正在失去耐心。我們需要在解決我們看到的一些不公平貿易做法的問題上加快步伐，如補貼和缺少對知識產權的有效保護等。分享友人