顯式估計法 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [xiǎnshìgūjìfǎ]
顯式估計法 英文
explicit estimation technique
  • 顯 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （明顯） apparent; obvious; noticeable; evident 2 （有名聲有權勢的） illustrious and inf...
  • 式 : 名詞1 （樣式） type; style 2 （格式） pattern; form 3 （儀式; 典禮） ceremony; ritual 4 （自然科...
  • 估 : 估構詞成分。
  • 計 : Ⅰ動詞1 （計算） count; compute; calculate; number 2 （設想; 打算） plan; plot Ⅱ名詞1 （測量或計算...
  • 法 : Ⅰ名詞1 （由國家制定或認可的行為規則的總稱） law 2 （方法; 方式） way; method; mode; means 3 （標...
  • 估計 : estimate; evaluate; take stock of; size up; calculate; appraise; reckon; estimation; forecast
  1. With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible

    本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。
  2. This article canvass the status quo of the archive ' s automatization administration and the develop status of data mining, and discusses how to combine the data mining technology with the archive work from data cleaning means, data mining arithmetic, and data storage etc. and this article put forword a data mining syst em design idea. this article ' s structure is : first, in allusion to the archive data status quo, the pretreatment work of archive data that include data quality evaluation, data cleaning and data commut - ation process is bringed forword ; second, in the process of realizating data mining, the article discusses conception description, association rule, class three familiar means of applicating data mining, also put inforword the concrete arithmetic and the program design chart, and discusses the range and the foreground of all kinds of arithmetic when they are applicated in the archive ; third, the base of so you say, this article also discusses the importance of the archice applicate data storage and the means of realizing it ; last, the article discusses seval important problem of realizing an archive data mining system from data, diversity, arithmetic multiformity, mining result variety and the data pretreatment visibility, mining object descriptive visibility, mining process visibility, mining result visibil ity, user demand description and problem defining etc aspect. the article ' s core is how to import data mining technology in the archive work

    本文評述了檔案自動化管理現狀和數據挖掘技術的發展狀況，從數據清洗方法、數據挖掘演算法、數據倉庫的建立等方面論述了如何將數據挖掘技術與檔案工作相結合的具體思路，並提出了一個數據挖掘系統的設計思想。文章首先，針對檔案數據的現狀，提出了應對檔案數據進行預處理工作，包括數據質量評估、數據清理、數據變換和歸約等過程；其次，在具體實現數據挖掘過程中，本文結合檔案數據的特點探討了概念描述、關聯規則、分類等三種常見挖掘形式的實現方法，提出了具體的實現演算法和程序設計框圖，並論述了各種演算法在檔案工作中的應用范圍及前景；第三，在上述基礎上，又論述數據倉庫在檔案數據挖掘中的重要性並提出了實現一個檔案數據倉庫的方法；最後，從處理數據的多樣性、演算法的多樣性、挖掘結果的多樣性、數據預處理可視化、挖掘對象描述的可視化、挖掘過程可視化、結果顯示可視化、用戶需求的描述及問題定義等幾方面討論了實現一個檔案數據挖掘系統的幾個重點問題。全文以探討如何將數據挖掘技術引入到具體的檔案工作實踐中為核心。
  3. In this part, the first work is pretreatment of a numerical model, including creating calculating grids automatically, improvement of the linear boundary technique and so on. the second work is to estimate the siltation of a basin or channel by liu ' s equation. the third work is to build an edbms ( engineering data base management system ) for the result of mathematical model

    其中主要的工作是：其中主要的工作一是數學模型的前處理，計算網格自動生成，線邊界法的優化；二是應用劉家駒公式在長江口深水航道治理工程地理信息系統的支持下實現港池、航槽開挖的實時回淤估算；三是將計算成果形成gis管理和支持下的工程數據庫系統（ engineeringdatabasemanagementsystem ） ，同時嘗試解決時間序列數據如地形沖淤變化，潮位、流速過程的分析、查詢和顯示問題，並實現實時、互動的動態演示及三維可視化。
  4. For this purpose, by combining techniques of optical superresolution and image superresolution, this thesis proposes a novel lateral superresolution confocal microscopy method based on image restoration and annular pupil filtering. the following two aspects are the main research work i have completed so far. first, designed and realized a shaped annular beam confocal microscopy system ( sabcms ), in order to improve the lateral resolution of cm

    第二，對整形環形光共焦顯微系統所成像進行基於最大似然估計法（ maximumlikelihoodestimate ， mle ）的超分辨復原處理，以期進一步改善共焦顯微鏡的橫向分辨力，具體包括: 1 .實現基於pmle （ mlebasedonpoissondistribution ）法的圖像復原式整形環形光橫向超分辨共焦顯微成像系統。
  5. A recent traffic investigation confirmed that virtually all smuggling routes lead to the weavers in this state, either directly from china or via nepal. from kashmir the shawls are destined for the markets of delhi and punjab, with an estimated 2, 000 shahtoosh shawls for sale in delhi on any given day. shawls then leave delhi in personal luggage, hidden in cargo and by post to the fashion capitals of the world, including france, hong kong, italy, spain, and the usa

    據野生物貿易研究委員會新近進行的調查顯示，差不多所有偷運的藏羚羊絨都是由中國直接或經尼泊爾轉運至此處織製成藏羚羊絨披肩，再轉運至德里及旁遮普邦的市場售賣，估計單在德里每日便有2 ， 000條藏羚羊絨披肩在市場售賣，再經由行李包裹或郵寄的方式偷運往法國香港義大利西班牙及美國等時裝熱點銷售。
  6. A batch least - squares maximum likelihood estimator is employed to calibrate the model coefficients of accelerometer and a polynomial post - fit method is used to establish temperature models of these coefficients. the temperature models of accelerometer bias and scale factor of accelerometer are established between - 20oc and 50 oc. after compensating the temperature error by using these models, the post - fit residuals of the accelerometer output have been improved to 10 ? 5 g, and the trend term of accelerometer changing with temperature basically vanished

    採用最小二乘極大似然估計和多項式擬合的方法，分析加速度計靜態模型系數隨加速度計殼體溫度變化的規律，建立了- 20oc 50oc之間加速度計零偏和標度因數誤差的溫度模型，應用該模型對加速度計溫度干擾進行補償，補償后，加速度計輸出的擬合均方根誤差一到二個數量級，並且基本上消除了加速度計輸出隨溫度變化的趨勢項，使得加速度計測量精度得到了明顯提高。
  7. In order to inprove the tracking performances of some sensors and local nodes, the paper discusses the state estimation techniques in multilevel multisensor surveillance systems with feedback information. based on the single sensor kalman fitering equations with feedback information, this paper presents two - level centralized, distributed and hybrid track level fusion methods with feedback information in multicoordinate systems. in the different cartesian coordinates, several kinds of track level fusion methods with feedback information for three - level multisensor data fusion systems are proposed, in which centralized - distributed, distrbuted - distributed and hybrid - distributed estimation combination problems with feedback information are considered, and proves that two kinds of three - level estimation solutions with or without feedback information are optimal and equivalent in the form of the theorem. the simulation results show that the multilevel multisensor data fusion system can not only increase the global estimation acuracy of target but also greatly improve the tracking perfomances of some sensors and local nodes by using the feedback information

    為了改善局部節點和傳感器級的跟蹤性能，本文研究帶反饋信息的多級式多傳感器系統中的狀態估計技術.在給出有反饋信息情況下傳感器級狀態估計解的基礎上，本文提出多坐標系中有反饋信息的兩層集中、分佈和混合估計方程.在不同笛卡爾坐標系中，本文提出了幾種帶反饋信息的三層多傳感器系統中的航跡級融合方法，其中包括集-分估計、分-分估計和混-分估計，並以定理的形式證明有、無反饋信息情況下的兩類三層狀態估計是價的、最優的.模擬結果表明，在多傳感器信息融合系統中引入反饋機制可以明顯改善一些局部節點和傳感器級的跟蹤精度
  8. Traditional inertial mechanized - platform uses velocities to damp the system attitude to improve the precision of attitude, when the system acceleration is small. referring to the idea, this paper designeda damp kalman filter in strap - down attitude heading reference system ( ahrs ). the new method makes use of 3 - d accelerometer ' s measurements to estimate the system attitude, which is measured to compensate attitude errors. because the acceleration affected the precision of fiher directly, the fuzzy adaptive system was presented. the fuzzy logic inputs are three accelerations and the output is to control the measurement noise covariance matrix. simulations and experimental results prove that the damp algorithm can damp most of schuler oscillation and foucauh oscillation, so that to assure the filter convergence and efficiently improve the precision of strap - down ahrs

    在系統機動性不強的情況下，傳統的平臺內阻尼演算法將系統本身的速度信息通過阻尼網路加到系統中，達到提高姿態角精度的目的.將這種平臺內阻尼的思想引入到捷聯慣性航姿系統中，在系統加速度較小的情況下，利用加速度計的輸出估計系統姿態角，通過卡爾曼濾波的形式補償系統姿態誤差.由於加速度的大小直接影響濾波器精度，本文設計了模糊自適應卡爾曼濾波演算法，根據三軸加速度計的輸出調整內阻尼量測誤差方差陣，從而避免了濾波器的發散.模擬和實驗驗證，內阻尼演算法可明顯抑制舒勒周期振蕩和傅科周期振蕩，避免了系統姿態漂移，有效提高了捷聯慣性航姿系統的精度
  9. Firstly upon the real - time operating system rex, we study the module of ui task, adopt the in - level finite state machine mechanism, and give the total architecture design of the ui task, at the same time, realize the functional routines of the application, the definition of data structure, the design of interface etc ; then, we study the access strategy design of flash data and the display implementation design of lcd ; and study multi - language mechanism, design and implement text input method and display of multi - language ; finally, it evaluates the analysis and design of embedded software and makes a summary

    同時，設計開發了一些功能模塊，包括數據結構定義，各種介面實現等。然後，研究了以flash為存儲介質，對數據的存儲管理的實現;以lcd為顯示媒介，對數據的顯示管理的實現。接著研究了移動終端的多語言機制，設計並實現了多語言文本的輸入法及字元顯示功能;最後，本文對cdma移動終端嵌入式軟體的分析、設計進行了評估與總結，並對未來的工作進行展望。
  10. With the first method, multi - degree reduction can be executed at one time and certain continuity conditions can be satisfied ; by relaxation of constrained conditions, great improvement on the lpm of literature [ 30 ] can be obtained when interval rational bezier curves are degenerated to interval bezier curves. explicit computation formulas are presented when only one or two degrees reductions are required in the second method, and upper bounds for their errors are estimated

    前者可一次性降多階，且能滿足一定的連續性要求，通過約束條件的放鬆，本文的演算法較文獻[ 30 ]的lpm法有更好的逼近；後者則給出了降一、二階時的顯式計算公式和誤差上界估計式，且逼近精度比前者更高。
  11. The representative failure models of main beam are searched by incremental method and disadvantage loading in the control sections. the equal - substitute beam method is applied, which can simplify the reliability estimation on bearing capacity of beam - bridge. and the state function on bearing capacity reliability of beam - bridge is presented and the structure resistance theory ( or design ) probability model in state function is deduced

    首先，針對梁式橋結構顯著失效模式之一? ?主梁的失效，研究在用梁橋承載力可靠度分析方法，主要包括：根據梁橋損傷狀況外觀調查和結構內力分析，確定其承載力可靠度分析的控制截面；將增量荷載法和控制截面處不利布載相結合的方法應用於梁式橋結構體系主要失效模式的搜尋；引入等代梁法以簡化梁橋承載力可靠度的估算；給出梁橋承載力可靠度功能函數及推導功能函數中結構抗力理論（或設計）概率模型。
  12. With explicit runge - kutta methods for particle tracing, richardson extrapolation and re - integration ( with a smaller tolerance ) are used to estimate global error of the tracing path. the methods of visualizing error are also described

    針對顯式runge - kutta法的粒子跟蹤，採用richardson外推、改變單步誤差容限重復積分等方法對誤差作出了估計，並實現了誤差的可視化。
  13. The main drawback of classic congestion control algorithms for abr service is that they are based on heuristics that do not have a formal theory to back them and / or depend on a number of measurements that are either difficult to perform, or have a significant amount of noise in their estimates

    傳統的abr業務擁塞控制方案基於啟發式法則而沒有正式的理論支持，並且依靠一系列的測量值，這些測量值要不是很難測量就是在估計時參生顯著的噪聲。
  14. That is by inserting known symbols or pilots in time and frequency domain to estimate the channel frequency response. the proposed method employs iterative low - pass filtering in transform domain which can reduce additive white gaussian noise and inter - carrier interference effectively

    該估計演算法採用在變換域多次迭代濾波的方式，能夠顯著降低高斯噪聲和載波間干擾（ ici ）對估計性能的影響，同時快速fft演算法也使得變換域濾波變得比較簡便。
  15. In chapter 4, we present some new techniques in designing finite difference domain decomposition algorithm for the heat equation. the basic procedure is to define the finite difference schemes at the interface grid points with smaller time step by explicit schemes, and the prior error estimates for the numerical solutions are obtained

    在第四章，我們發展了一些新技術，在子區域的邊界處採用小時間步長古典顯式格式求解，構造了新的區域分解演算法，得到了差分解的先驗誤差估計。
分享友人
分享到 Line

分享到臉書