高草型地 的英文怎麼說

This is so because climbing plants are likely to encounter intensive - changing environmental condition during their growth ( especially change of illumination ). secondly, there is a large proportion ( 30 - 40 % ) of climbing plants which belong to dioecism, and hence a gap between male and female plants on morphology, biological characteristic, economic value and so on. this dissertation focuses on herbaceous climbing plants, perennial or annual species such as dioecious trchosahthes kirilowii maxin and dioscorea opposita thumb, and monoecious luffa cylindrical ( l ) roem, it attempts to discover how climbing plants adapted to various environments and the mechanism of adaptation from aspects of physiological and reproductive ecologies at present, due to overuse of chlorofluorocarbons ( cfcs ), the ozonosphere has become thinner and thinner, and the ultraviolet - b ( uv - b ) radiation has increased considerably

而攀援植物本身是一類理想的植物行為生態學研究材料：第一，攀緣植物由於受攀緣能力和支柱木資源的限制，在生長過程中通常要遇到強烈變化的環境條件（特別是光照） ；第二，攀緣植物中具有較高比例的雌雄異株類型，通常佔地區攀緣植物種類的30 40左右，不同性別的植物在形態學及生物學特性、經濟價值等方面存在一定的差距，因此，本文以雌雄異株攀緣植物栝樓（ trchosahtheskirilowiimaxim ） （葫蘆科多年生草質藤本植物）和山藥（ dioscoreaoppositathunb ） （薯蕷科薯蕷屬植物） 、雌雄同株異花攀緣植物絲瓜[ luffacylindrical （ l ） roem ] （葫蘆科一年生攀緣草本植物）為材料，試圖從生理生態學及生殖生態學角度揭示攀援植物如何適應不同生境及其機理。

Previous researchers have always determined the sp atial distribution patterns ( sdp ) of castanopsis kawakamii with a sample - dis tance method. however, the distribution patterns may be affected by the quadrat si ze and, in the course of analysis, the density differences among the cluster plots are not considered ; therefore, differences of cluster plot size and the dispersi on degree among individuals of cluster plots can not be known. authers of this pa per have determined the spatial distribution patterns of castanopsis kawakamii population in different habitats by means of non - quadrat distance method and a nalysed the pattern intensity and grain of the sdp. the pattern intensity is defi ned with the relative density differences and the pattern grain can embody the d ispersion degree of the individuals in the plots, and the dispersion degree among the plots. the determined results are as follows. the intensities of the species range in order from strong to week : litsea mollifolia p. kawakamii i. purpure a r. cochinchinensis c. kawakamii c. carlessii d. oldphamii s. superba. the gra ins of the species queue in order from coarse to close : s. superba = litsea mollif olia r. cohinchinensis c. kawakamii = i. purpurea c. carlessii p. racemosam d. oldp hamii. these determined results tally basiclly with the results authers of this paper have got in determining the same plots by means of aggregate index access ing method. in view of this, it is held that the sdp of c. kawakamii is closely related to the habitats and biological features

前人都是採用樣方方法對格氏栲種群數量的空間格局進行測定，而格局分佈有可能受樣方大小的影響，且分析過程中沒有涉及聚塊間密度差的問題，因而無法掌握種群的聚塊大小差別及聚塊內個體間的離散程度.本研究採用無樣方距離法，測定不同生境的格氏栲種群空間格局，分析格氏栲種群格局的強度和紋理.強度以聚塊和間隙的密度差來定義，紋理則是體現聚塊內個體間的離散程度與諸聚塊間的分離程度.測定結果表明，格氏栲種群格局強度從高到低排列次序為：木姜子蚊母樹冬青茜草樹格氏栲米櫧虎皮楠木荷；格局紋理從粗到細的順序是：木荷=木姜子茜草樹格氏栲=冬青米櫧蚊母樹虎皮楠.這一測定結果與作者採用聚集度指標測定相同樣地格氏栲種群空間格局的結果基本相符.因此，格氏栲空間格局類型及分佈與格氏栲生物學特性及生境的關系密切

Abstract : soil incubation experiments were conducted in lab to delineate the effect of soil temperature and soil water content on soil respirations in broad - leaved / korean pine forest ( mountain dark brown forest soil ), dark coniferous forest ( mountain brown coniferous forest soil ) and erman ' s birch forest ( mountain soddy forest soil ) in changbai mountain in september 2001. the soil water content was adjusted to five different levels ( 9, 21, 30, 37 and 43 ) by adding certain amount of water into the soil cylinders, and the soil sample was incubated at 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35 for 24 h the results indicated that in broad - leaved / korean pine forest the soil respiration rate was positively correlated to soil temperature from 0 to 35. soil respiration rate increased with increase of soil water content within the limits of 21 to 37, while it decreased with soil water content when water content was over the range. the result suggested the interactive effects of temperature and water content on soil respiration. there were significant differences in soil respiration among the various forest types. the soil respiration rate was highest in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, middle in erman ' s birch forest and the lowest in dark coniferous forest. the optimal soil temperature and soil water content for soil respiration was 35 and 37 in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, 25 and 21 in dark coniferous forest, and 35 and 37 in erman ' s birch forest. because the forests of broad - leaved / korean pine, dark coniferous and erman ' s birch are distributed at different altitudes, the soil temperature had 4 - 5 variation in different forest types during the same period. thus, the soil respiration rates measured in brown pine mountain soil were lower than those in dark brown forest and those measured in mountain grass forest soil were higher than those in brown pine mountain soil

文摘:為了研究土壤溫度和土壤含水量對闊葉紅松林（山地暗棕壤） 、雲冷杉暗針葉林（山地棕針葉林土壤）和岳樺林（生草森林土）的土壤呼吸的影響，於2001年9月在長白山進行了土壤實驗.利用增加土壤樣柱的含水量，將土壤含水量分為9 ， 、 21 、 30 、 37和43 5個等級，土壤樣品分別在0 、 5 、 15 、 25和35的溫度下保持24小時.闊葉紅松林土壤在0 （ 35范圍內，土壤呼吸速率與溫度呈正相關.在一定的含水量范圍內（ 21 （ 37 ） ，土壤呼吸隨含水量的增加而升高，當含水量超出該范圍，土壤呼吸速率則隨含水量的變化而降低.土壤溫度和水分對土壤呼吸作用存在明顯的交互作用.不同森林類型土壤呼吸作用強弱存在顯著差異，大小順序為闊葉紅松林>岳樺林>雲冷杉暗針葉林.紅松闊葉林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是土壤溫度35 ，含水量37 ;雲冷杉暗針葉林下的山地棕色針葉土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是25 ， 21 ;岳樺林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是35 ，含水量37 .但是，由於長白山闊葉紅松林，雲冷杉林和岳樺林處在不同的海拔帶上，同期不同森林類型土壤溫度各不相同，相差4 ~ 5 ，所以野外所測的同期的山地棕色針葉林土呼吸速率應低於暗棕色森林土呼吸速率，山地生草森林土呼吸速率應高於山地棕色針葉林土的呼吸速率.圖2表1參25

Soil incubation experiments were conducted in lab to delineate the effect of soil temperature and soil water content on soil respirations in broad - leaved / korean pine forest ( mountain dark brown forest soil ), dark coniferous forest ( mountain brown coniferous forest soil ) and ermans birch forest ( mountain soddy forest soil ) in changbai mountain in september 2001. the soil water content was adjusted to five different levels ( 9, 21, 30, 37 and 43 ) by adding certain amount of water into the soil cylinders, and the soil sample was incubated at 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35 for 24 h the results indicated that in broad - leaved / korean pine forest the soil respiration rate was positively correlated to soil temperature from 0 to 35. soil respiration rate increased with increase of soil water content within the limits of 21 to 37, while it decreased with soil water content when water content was over the range. the result suggested the interactive effects of temperature and water content on soil respiration. there were significant differences in soil respiration among the various forest types. the soil respiration rate was highest in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, middle in ermans birch forest and the lowest in dark coniferous forest. the optimal soil temperature and soil water content for soil respiration was 35 and 37 in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, 25 and 21 in dark coniferous forest, and 35 and 37 in ermans birch forest. because the forests of broad - leaved / korean pine, dark coniferous and ermans birch are distributed at different altitudes, the soil temperature had 4 - 5 variation in different forest types during the same period. thus, the soil respiration rates measured in brown pine mountain soil were lower than those in dark brown forest and those measured in mountain grass forest soil were higher than those in brown pine mountain soil

為了研究土壤溫度和土壤含水量對闊葉紅松林（山地暗棕壤） 、雲冷杉暗針葉林（山地棕針葉林土壤）和岳樺林（生草森林土）的土壤呼吸的影響，於2001年9月在長白山進行了土壤實驗.利用增加土壤樣柱的含水量，將土壤含水量分為9 ， 、 21 、 30 、 37和43 5個等級，土壤樣品分別在0 、 5 、 15 、 25和35的溫度下保持24小時.闊葉紅松林土壤在0 （ 35范圍內，土壤呼吸速率與溫度呈正相關.在一定的含水量范圍內（ 21 （ 37 ） ，土壤呼吸隨含水量的增加而升高，當含水量超出該范圍，土壤呼吸速率則隨含水量的變化而降低.土壤溫度和水分對土壤呼吸作用存在明顯的交互作用.不同森林類型土壤呼吸作用強弱存在顯著差異，大小順序為闊葉紅松林>岳樺林>雲冷杉暗針葉林.紅松闊葉林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是土壤溫度35 ，含水量37 ;雲冷杉暗針葉林下的山地棕色針葉土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是25 ， 21 ;岳樺林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是35 ，含水量37 .但是，由於長白山闊葉紅松林，雲冷杉林和岳樺林處在不同的海拔帶上，同期不同森林類型土壤溫度各不相同，相差4 ~ 5 ，所以野外所測的同期的山地棕色針葉林土呼吸速率應低於暗棕色森林土呼吸速率，山地生草森林土呼吸速率應高於山地棕色針葉林土的呼吸速率.圖2表1參25

The paper establishes a comprehensive evaluation model of meadow resources using the fuzzy mathematical method, and then applies the model to the dynamic evaluation of subalpine meadow in huapo, qinyuan county, shanxi

摘要應用多層次模糊綜合評價方法建立草地資源的綜合評價模型，對山西沁源縣華城鄉亞高山草甸植被利用進行動態評價。

Especially in the north slope, the broad - leaved wood of red pine, the animal ( insect ), plant ( tall tree, shrub, herb ) and the tree grows plentiful. the living creature is numerous, and the complete vegetative chain of formation is with the food net, provided the proper and living space for the animal ( insect ) and plant ( tall tree, shrub, herb )

長白山作為我國北方溫帶地區最高的山峰，保存了最為典型和完整的森林生態系統，特別是在長白山北坡的紅松闊葉林帶，樹種豐富，生物繁多，形成完整的食物鏈和食物網，對生活于其中的動物（昆蟲） 、植物（喬木、灌木、草本）提供了適宜的生活空間。

Tall fescue ( festuca arundinacea schreb. ) is one of the major cool - season turfgrasses widely utilized at home and abroad, and improvement of its stress tolerances by genetic engineering is of momentous significance to maintaining of perennial evergreen turf, saving of water resource, enlargement of establishment area, and especially, to melioration of ecological environments in western regions of china

高羊茅是目前正在國內外廣泛應用的主要冷季型草坪草之一，利用基因工程技術改良其耐逆性對保持草坪四季常綠，節約水資源，擴大建植區域，尤其是對改善我國西部地區的生態環境具有十分重要的意義。

An experiment has been conducted for investigating the rule of water consumption with three species of turfgrasses : kentucky bluegrass ( poa pratensis ), perennial ryegrass ( lolium perenne ), and tall fescue ( festuca arundinacea ) ; two kinds of irrigation water resources : tap water and sewage effluent ; and two kinds of irrigation methods : subsurface dripping irrigation and subsurface leaky pipe irrigation

本研究以三種典型的冷季型草坪草草地早熟禾、多年生黑麥草、高羊茅為供試草種，以自來水和經過砂過濾和沉澱處理的城市居民社區的生活污水為灌溉水源，採用地下滴灌和滲灌兩種灌水方法，通過田間對比試驗，探討了污水灌溉條件下草坪草的耗水規律。

In a word, there are some achievements as following : 1 ) ecological restoration of the abrupt rock slope in high - cold area should adopt junior planting method. 2 ) the grass seeds for protecting slope in high - cold area should be anti - frost, anti - meager and extensive farming. there are some grass seeds recommended for ecological restoration, for example, kentucky bluegrass, ryegrass, coronilla, festuca arundinacea, sword - bamboo and euonymus fortunei

（ 2 ）高寒地區生態護坡的草種應選用具有抗寒、抗貧瘠和適宜粗放管理的冷季型草種，推薦使用的川西高寒地區生態護坡植物種屬為：草地早熟禾、黑麥草、小冠花、高羊茅的草種組合，劍竹灌木種，以及小葉扶芳藤藤蔓植物種。

The correlation analyses were conducted for the rations between the vegetation indices and the sampled grass yield data which were taken as the grassland biomass quotas. the results indicated that there are quite high correlations between the vegetation indices and the grassland yield data. among them the rvi has the highest correlation coefficient, ndvi in the next, and then successively tvi, msavi, infrared index, savi, gvi, dvi and w vi, but bvi has the lowest correlation coefficient that there is a negative correlation coefficient between bvi and the biomass

對各種常用植被指數和草地生物量進行相關分析，由分析結果得出，比值植被指數（ rvi ）與草地生物量的相關性最高，相關系數達到0 . 885 ，其次為ndvi ，然後依次為tvi 、 msavi 、紅外指數、 savi 、 gvi 、 dvi和wvi ，而bvi與草地植被生物量呈負相關關系，且相關性最低，總的來說，遙感植被指數和草地生物量具有較好的相關關系，因而，利用植被指數來建立草地生物量監測模型是可行的。

This paper adopts the land use state in2000a ( l : 3 + 104 ), the soil chart ( 1 : 6 + 104 ) and hectometer contour relief map ( include three chongqing area ) of chongqing and geology map ( l : 6 + 104 ) of sichuan province as basic analytical data, measure landscape patches into 7 types including cultivated land, orchard, forestland, unused land, grassland, resident and industry land, water bodies according to land use state basing on land use types, make the landscape map of chongqing karst area by gis software

本研究是以重慶市1 ： 30萬的土地利用現狀圖（ 2000年版） 、 1 ： 60萬的土壤圖以及重慶市百米等高距的地形圖和四川省（包括重慶市） 1 ： 60萬的地質圖作為基本分析圖件。在土地利用類型的基礎上，依據土地利用現狀劃分了耕地、園地、林地、未利用地、草地、居民工礦用地和水域7類景觀嵌塊體類型，再藉助于gis軟體生成重慶巖溶區景觀圖。

The outcomes show that the sequence of soil erosion of types of land use in different regions is different and the sequence of soil erosion of types of land use in different periods of the same regions is uncertainty ; the occurred rate of soil erosion of new wasteland is higher than that of idle wasteland for years ; the occurred rate of soil erosion of grassland is higher ; the occurred rate of soil erosion of non - irrigated farmland is high and the soil erosion intensity of land used for construction is great during construction and becomes smaller after completion

結果表明：不同區域土地利用類型的土壤侵蝕序列各不相同，而同一區域不同時期土地利用類型的土壤侵蝕序列不確定；新出現的難利用地比長期閑置的難利用地土壤侵蝕發生率高；草地土壤侵蝕發生率偏高；耕地中旱地的土壤侵蝕發生率高；建設用地建設時土壤侵蝕強度大，而建成後土壤侵蝕強度小。

3. the great bustard is big - sized bird that build nest on the ground and the nests distribute in sparse group. most of their nests locate on the middle slope of hillocks, especially on the southern middle slopes towards to the sun, the biggest gradient is not more than 8 ?, the most important 3 factors that determine nest - site selection are height of plant. density and thickness of hay. 4

大鴇是營地面鬆散型群巢的大型鳥類，多將巢築在海拔190 230m的草原崗坡的坡腰上，且以偏南向的朝陽緩坡的坡腰上為多，最大坡度不超過8 ，植被高度、密度和枯草厚度是決定其巢位選擇的3個最重要的因素。

In term of soil water coefficient of variation, the soil water profile in 0 - 100cm can be divided into 3 layers, i. e., hypoactive layer, hypoactive layer and correspondingly stable layer. these soil water layers varied along with soil water consumption seasons alternating

就綠地類型而言，活躍與次活躍層總深度：本特草坪高羊茅草坪泡桐綠地；就季節變化而言，弱耗水期活躍與次活躍層淺，強耗水期深，微耗水期較深。

Aiming at the ecological environmental deterioration of bashang, from 2002years to3 ~ 5months of 2003 years. sand - transporting quantity of land cover types were on - the - spot moinitoring in gale seaon, comparing the productivity of the main crops. improving environment and developing economy are compositively considered for applying returning cultivated to woodland and grassland to supply the base of theory and technology. the main results as following : 1 observing the sand transporting quantity of artificial grassland, stubble land and cultivate land. indicates that when wind speed is higher ( 8. 0m / s ), the sand transporting quantity of artificial grassland of 200cm reduces 35. 5 % in average more than that of cultivate land, 34. 5 % sand - transporting quantity than that of stubble land. no distinct difference between stubble land and cultivate land. and when wind speed is lower ( = 5. 0m / s ), the sand - transporting quantity of coverage is no distinct difference according to the analysis of variance

從改善環境和發展經濟兩方面綜合考慮，為實施壩上地區「一退雙還」提供了理論與技術依據。主要研究結果如下： 1對人工草地、作物留茬地及耕翻地的輸沙量觀測表明：勁風（ 8 . 0m s ）下，人工草地比對照耕翻地輸沙量在200cm高度內平均降低了35 . 5 ，比作物留茬地平均降低了34 . 5 ；作物留茬地輸沙量與耕翻地差異不顯著；微風（ 5 . 0m s ）下，不同地表覆被類型對輸沙量的影響差異不顯著。

There are 127 international standard guest rooms. with the copied ancient courtyard shape and garden view style as its main character, the hotel has verdant grass and trees, evergreen and whirling bamboo. it is an ideal accommodation place for negotiating business, visiting friends and family members, and traveling around

酒店擁有國際標準客房127間，以仿古庭院式園林風光格調為主的酒店內草木蔥蘢，竹影婆娑，奇山瀑布音樂噴泉，亭臺樓榭，清池游魚，環境優雅，並擁有高級娛樂場所，桑拿按摩和大型停車場，是商務客人洽談生意，探親訪友和旅遊的理想下榻之地。

The soil types of haibei research station are dominated by alpine shrub soil and alpine meadow soil in three rich elements as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium

海北實驗站地區土壤的主要類型為高山草甸土高山灌叢草甸土和沼澤土。

The results indicated that as the intensity of sward cleavage increased, elymus nutans and other plants that had high requirements in soil aeration and resource space presented an increased competitive edge and the species that had low requirements in soil aeration and resource space presented an opposite picture ; low - intensity sward cleavage could help increase species diversity to a certain extent, but the diversity index appeared to decline as a whole as the cleavage intensity increased ; the effects of sward cleavage on functional groups of the vegetations showed in such manner as e. nutans - represented grasses increased in their composition with the intensity of sward cleavage raised, and sedges and forbs decreased in their compositions with the intensity of sward cleavage raised ; sward cleavage showed a significant improving effect on primary productivity of the meadows and was capable of increasing the proportion of quality - grass biomass to the total plant biomass ; sward cleavage could be independently employed as an effective measure to rehabilitate and improve alpine - meadow grasslands and thus played a basic and key role in the technical combination aiming at establishing hay fields characterized by e. nutans

結果表明：垂穗披堿草等對土壤通透性和資源空間要求較高的物種，競爭力隨劃破強度的增加而上升，而對土壤通透性和資源空間要求相對較低的物種則相反；輕度劃破干擾對提高物種豐富度具有一定的促進作用，但多樣性指數則總體上表現為隨劃破強度的增加而呈下降的趨勢；劃破干擾對植被功能群的影響表現為以垂穗披堿草為代表的禾草類組分隨干擾強度的增加而顯著上升，莎草類和雜類草組分隨干擾強度的增加而顯著下降；劃破干擾對草地初級生產力的提升具有顯著的促進作用，且可顯著增加植物總量中優質牧草的比重；劃破干擾可獨立作為高寒草甸類草地恢復與改良的有效措施，在定向培育垂穗披堿草型割草場的技術組合中具有核心和基礎性的地位。

Moon world is a classic example of a chalk badlands terrain. in geological terms it comprises highly saline limestone with a sandstone and shale structure, so that in an area of several hundred hectares no plants grow and the highly eroded ground is bare, creating a " lunar " landscape

草山月世界為典型的白堊土地型，地質是砂巖和頁巖所構成的青灰巖，含有極高的鹽分，導致方圓數百公頃的土地寸草不生，呈現一片光禿禿的地貌，故稱月世界。

The zone of the lower reaches of the yangtze river is focused in this paper, spanning from 118 e to 123 e, 28 n to 33 n. the focused area is of typical moist climatic region, with complex topography, such as : water land, drought land, woodland, lakes, grassland and towns

本文研究區域為長江三角洲（下游）地區，其地理范圍大致為東經118 - 123 ，北緯28 - 33 。研究區域為我國典型的東部濕潤區，且地勢西高東低，地形很不規則，下墊面也極不均勻，有水田、旱地、林地、湖泊、草地及城鎮等類型。