authority of the system 中文意思是什麼

authority of the system 解釋
系統工作范圍
  • authority : n. 1. 權威，威信；權力，權柄；權限，職權，權能。2. 工程管理處[局，委員會等]；〈pl. 〉當局，官方。3. 根據，憑據。4. 權威者，泰斗，大家。5. 【法律】判決例，先例。6. 代理權。
  • of : OF ＝Old French 古法語。
  • the : 〈代表用法〉…那樣的東西，…那種東西。1 〈用單數普通名詞代表它的一類時（所謂代表的單數）〉 （a） 〈...
  • system : n 1 體系，系統；分類法；組織；設備，裝置。2 方式；方法；作業方法。3 制度；主義。4 次序，規律。5 ...
  1. The structure of this paper goes like this, the first chapter introduce the development of e - b / l in practice and in laws. and draw a conclution that the electrification of the b / l is a history tide. in the second chapter, on the basic of reseach the security trap in e - b / l running, 1 conclude six security elements of, e - b / l : the liability of the system, the authenticity of dealers ' identity. the integrity and secrecy of electronic data, and the validity and evidence effectiveness of electronic data. from the third chapter to the eighth, 1 reseach these elements one by one. the third chapter introduce the establishment of the e - b / l security system, and some related laws the fourth chapter introduce the certification authority of e - b / l. in the fifth chapter, 1 introduce the encrypt of electronic information and some countries ' control on use / import / export crytography. the sixth chapter introduce the concept and principle of digital signature, and reseach some related legal issues. the seventh chapter reseach the legal demand of validity, then come to a conclution that to establish a independent electronic information system is necessary. in the eighth chapter, 1 reseach some countries " regulation on the evidence effectiveness of electronic data

    第二章在分析電子提單運作中的安全隱患的基礎上，歸納出其六大安全要素，即系統的可靠性、交易者身份的真實性、數據電訊的機密性和完整性、數據電訊的合法有效性以及交易者行為的不可抵賴性。第三章到第八章分別對這六大要素進行分析：第三章介紹了電子提單網路安全體系的建立以及系統安全保護法規，第四章則介紹了電子提單的安全認證機構，第五章介紹了信息加密技術以及各國立法對密碼技術的進出口及使用的控制，第六章介紹了數字簽名的概念及原理，並以bolero為例介紹了數字簽名的技術方式，對有關法律問題作了論述；第七章首先論述了電子提單對有效性的法律需求，然後結合國內法和國際規則的規定論證了數據電訊制度產生的必然性；第八章通過對各國立法對電子證據的法律效力的規定，論述了對電子交易至關重要的數據電訊的不可抵賴性。
  2. Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law

    再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。
  3. We will strengthen the enforcement of the constitution and laws, ensure that all citizens are equal before the law, and safeguard social equity and justice and the consistency, sanctity and authority of the socialist legal system

    加強憲法和法律實施，堅持公民在法律面前一律平等，維護社會公平正義，維護社會主義法制的統一、尊嚴、權威。
  4. But the integrity of the payment system clearly has an important bearing on the confidence in the currency itself, and this falls squarely on the hkma under delegated authority of the financial secretary

    很明顯地，支付系統的穩健性對維持公眾對貨幣本身的信心影響重大，而這明確是金管局在財政司司長所授權力下的職責。
  5. The system structure of certificate authority and the function modules of the system are introduced in the system structure part. therefore the article introduces the detailed methods of establishing certificate authority and the establishment of data certificate. meanwhile, the article discusses the actual functions of digital certificate in office automatic system on web, and the key management security of the digital certificate

    在系統總體結構中，主要討論了ca認證體系的體系結構和系統的主要功能模塊;在系統的具體實現中，討論了ca認證中心的建立的技術以及ca認證中心生成數字證書的方法;在系統的實際應用中，結合mthsca的特點，討論了數字證書在某摩托化步兵師網上自動化辦公系統中的具體應用;在系統安全性方面，討論了數字證書的密鑰安全管理。
  6. The authority of the final judgement bases on a certain system and its source is the authority of reason. this authority appears just in the formality, and enhance the forseeobility of judicatory on a certain degree. the authority of the final judgement is confirmed for its justice in the formlity rather than the truth in essenties

    終審判決權威性的特點在於它是一種建立在制度基礎上、來源於理性的權威，這一權威給人以形式上公平的感覺，同時還增加了司法在一定程度上的可預見性；終審判決權威為人認可的原因是形式的公平而非實質的正確，對于司法來說，在實質正確之外還存在著一個更高的價值，那就是司法的穩定性。
  7. We see gladly already now, be aimed at a few malpractice in the university entrance exam, undertaking the reform of system of the university entrance exam is carried out at present, if the " 3 x " that city undertakes is saved in the part, have unified demand of the whole nation already, choose exam course and exam way according to the actual condition of each district again, henceforth, the exam authority of the university entrance exam will teach administration to be in charge of sectional decision by each province

    我們現在已欣喜地看到，針對高考中的一些弊端，目前正在進行高考制度的改革實踐，如在部分省市進行的" 3x " ，既有全國的統一要求，又根據各地的實際情況選擇考試科目和考試方式，今後，高考的考試權將由各省教育行政主管部門決定。
  8. In spite of the premature dignity and authority of the school system, i had added a sad and grim strain of my own.

    除了早熟的自尊心和學校制度的壓制，我還添上了自己所獨有的悲哀而冷酷的性格。
  9. In this part, the author, with a far - sighted version, systematically puts forward six special suggestions on it : ( a ) reasonable arrangement of the legislation system of the corporation manager, ( b ) redelimitation of the legal status and authority of the corporation manager ; ( c ) clear stipulation of the director of the company may not concurrently serve as the manager, ( d ) strengthening the civil obligations of the corporation manager, ( e ) setting up the managerial system of stimulus and corresponding restraints, ( f ) introduction of the system of protection and remedy on the managerial rights to our country

    基於以上幾部分的分析，文章第四部分水到渠成地提出了公司經理法律制度在中國的創新與完善。作者以高屋造瓴之姿態從六個方面系統地提出了關于中國公司經理法律制度創新與完善的若干具體建議：合理安排公司經理法律制度之立法體例，重新界定公司經理的地位與職權，明確規定公司董事不得兼任經理，加強公司經理的民事法律責任，建立經理激勵與約柬相容的制度，引進公司經理保護與權利救濟機制，從而使本部分的內容形成一個完整的體系。
  10. Although the process of the implementation and enlargement of the independence right of running higher education institutions is very difficult and complicated, there still exist some alternative countermeasures for us to choose : firstly, we should realize that only when the enlargement of the independence of running higher education institutions adapts to the reform speed of political and economical system and the level of educational management and the relevant aspects are coordinated in the view of overall situation, can the independence of running higher education institutions be realized gradually ; secondly, there is an urgent need to transform the functional authority of the government by separatin

    三是完善高校內部的管理體制，逐步形成自主辦學的運行機制。本文對高校辦學自主權的基本觀點是，高校辦學自主權問題是一個綜合性問題。高校辦學自主權問題的產生是我國經濟體制轉軌后，我國高校發展過程中所必須面臨的一個問題，借鑒發達國家在解塊這一問題上的成功經驗，並結合我國政治體制改革的具體進程，是最終落實我國高校辦學自主權的必由之路。
  11. On the basis of summarizing and learning advanced foreign legal system, this paper endeavors to propose some suggestions on reforming unconstitutional censorship in china, and creating an effective unconstitutional censorship which is in accordance with national conditions by analyzing the typical model of unconstitutional censorship in the world. besides, the nature, position and authority of the constitutional court have also been discussed in this paper

    本文綜合分析了世界典型違憲審查模式，希望在總結和借鑒外國先進模式的基礎上，對我國的違憲審查制度進行改革，創設適合我國國情的、富有成效的違憲審查制度，即由憲法法院行使違憲審查權，並對憲法法院的性質、地位和職權等作了一些研究。
  12. This paper is based on " beijing education examinations authority network information system - - self - study examination subsystem " ? the analysis of demand and the design of the system are elaborated

    本文基於「北京教育考試院大型網路信息系統? ?自考子系統」 ，詳細闡述了網上報名系統及數據加密傳輸的需求分析及總體設計。
  13. Therefore, we should setup the multilayer supervisive system for the right of the jurisdiction in order to maintain the justice and guarantee the authority of the jurisdiction

    因此，對司法權本身也要設置多層的監控制約機制，以維護司法公正，保證司法權威。
  14. In the several years, the period during which the statute on the town and township enterprises has been putting into effect is just the moment that our economy system and economy environment have taken rapid changes, the successive and unprecedented problems are emerged at this turning time in the courses of transition of system innovation and structure adjustment, hi view of this situation, it is vital to complete the legal system and enhance the executive power for the defense of the sanctity and authority of the law and for the development of the town and township enterprises

    鄉鎮企業法實施以來的幾年，正是我國經濟體制和經濟環境變化最快的時期，鄉鎮企業處于體制創新和結構調整的重要轉折時期，新問題接踵而來，新困難前所未有。針對新情況、新問題，完善鄉鎮企業立法，加強執法力度，對于維護法律的尊嚴和權威，對于更好卜l臼霎固二ixs q二卜十， 4子汀yvas工ers丁啞引s一鄉鎮企業特殊發展歷程和重要地位入手，論述了鄉鎮企業立法和加強法制建設的重要意義，指出了鄉鎮企業立法和執法中存在的主要問題，提出了完善和加強鄉鎮企業立法和執法的建議。
  15. Hongkong tramways limited is wholly owned by the wharf ( holdings ) ltd. the tramway began operations in 1904. the system operates under the authority of the tramway ordinance, cap

    該公司根據第107章《電車條例》所賦予的權力，由1904年起營辦電車服務。
  16. The system of supervising authority ensures and stipulates that the owner with authority to supervise supervises the state - owned unit and the civil servant to carry out the system of distributing authority and the system of invoking authority

    權力監督制度保障和規范權力監督主體對國有單位和國家公職人員執行權力配置制度和權力制約制度的情況進行監督。
  17. The system adopts redundancy technique and error proof measure : communicating process uses a self - adapting protocol and crc ; master computer software can avoid human - initiated - failure, check data border, limit authority, backup system data and start backup computer by software etc. to some extent, these ways help to increase the reliability of the system

    系統採用了冗于技術和容錯措施：通信過程採用自適應協議和crc校驗；主站計算機軟體能夠避免人為失誤，檢查數據范圍，限制權限，備份系統數據等。
  18. Hongkong tramways limited is wholly owned by the wharf holdings ltd. the tramway began operations in 1904. the system operates under the authority of the tramway ordinance, cap

    該公司根據第107章《電車條例》所賦予的權力，由1904年起營辦電車服務。
  19. In the project, the low - layer computer works not only as a web server but a database server. by setting and programming in the low - layer computer, the user with authority can browser and control the situation of the compressors without installing any client software and caring where he is. in the network security, the system uses four password authorities which keep the safety of the system

    該系統下位機結合了web服務器與數據庫服務器，在下位機端進行web服務器端、數據庫服務器端的設置和編程，採用b / s結構，獲得授權的操作人員無需安裝任何客戶端的軟體就能夠在廠內任意一臺聯網並裝有瀏覽器的電腦上對空壓機房的監控數據進行瀏覽，並能遠程控制空壓機的啟停狀態。
  20. Such legislation constitutes the pre - requisite and foundation of the socialization of social security, which not only renders help to the overall development of social security, but also strengthens the authority of the system, thus enabling our security system work justly and effectively

    因為社會保障立法作為社會保障法制化的前提與基礎，不僅為社會保障的全面發展提供幫助，而且能強化社會保障制度的權威性，使我國的社會保障進行公正而有效的運作。
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