by-product costs 中文意思是什麼
by-product costs
解釋
副產品成本-
The product stewardship model of product design, systems integration, and complete supply chain management is a new approach to delivering proven services offered by outsourcing providers that can reduce time to market, speed product development, and achieve quality standards at the lowest total landed costs. it requires new thinking, new business models and new extended relationships. if done correctly oems can achieve greater business objectives with fewer resources while ensuring their intellectual property investment is protected
產品管理模式，產品設計、系統集成、完整的供應鏈管理是一種新的方式提供外包服務提供商提供證明，可以減少市場的時間，產品開發速度，實現質量標準的最低費用共計降落.它需要新思維、新的商業模式和新關系的延伸.如果做得正確代工業務上取得更大的目標，同時確保資源較少的投資保護自己的知識產權 -
Supports the scenario of analyzing the product sales margin by tracking costs, discounts, and selling prices
產品盈利性分析：支持通過跟蹤成本、折扣和售價分析產品盈利率的情況。 -
In a perspective of economics, it is proposed that knowledge can be economic goods or private goods conditionally by giving it a definition. it is also addressed that the relation between input and output is uncertain, the output ca n ' t be possessed by the producer totally, and the costs vs the profit of learning is incomplete corresponding, by studying the product, transfer and diffusion of knowledge. 2
從經濟學角度定義了「知識」的概念，論述了知識構成經濟物品、私有物品的有條件性和動態性；研究了知識的生產、知識的轉移和擴散等問題，指出了科研投入產出的不確定性、研究機構對研究成果佔有的不完全性、知識學習的成本一收益的弱對應性。 -
A strategic move, according to schelling is “ one that influence the other person ’ s choice in a manner favorable to oneself by affecting the other person ’ s expectation on how one ’ s self will behave. ” strategic interaction among firms occurs along several dimensions : capacity, pricing, product policy and r & d. most of these involve substantial investments ; the last represents largely irreversible commitments to the industry and are an integral part of the process of establishing the firms ’ relative positions in terms of market share, costs and products
在信息完全性的假定條件下，考慮到資產的專用性，通過對允許對手進入的斯塔克爾伯格均衡和阻止對手進入的過剩生產能力（ excesscapacity ）可置信威脅策略性行為的比較分析，數理論證了壟斷企業中存在過剩生產能力的一種可能原因，是一種特定條件下各利益主體最大化其效用時出現的相對穩定狀態。 -
Md has many advantages, such as simple equipments, maintenance free, running at low temperature, high condensation of remain, high performance in separating and by - product salts. all mentioned above can keep running costs of desalination low
膜蒸餾法所用設備簡單，維護方便，除鹽率高，較低的溫度下即可進行，淡化后的濃縮水濃度高，作為副產品可用於鹽的生產，這些都有可能使得淡化水的成本降低。 -
“ shorter product life cycles and accelerating costs spell doom for the older, closed model of innovation, ” prof chesbrough says. “ only by accessing more ideas, and by using these ideas in more new products and services, can organisations keep pace and achieve an economically viable model of innovation
「產品生命周期的縮短和成本的迅速提高，預示著較為陳舊、封閉的創新模式註定滅亡， 」切斯布羅格教授表示， 「只有通過接觸更多的創意，並將這些創意應用在更新型的產品和服務上，公司才能保持發展速度，並實現經濟上可行的創新模式。 」 -
Feeding the by - product directly to local animals would cut energy use at the refineries and transport costs for the feed
將副產品直接用於飼養本地動物，就會減少工廠能源的消耗以及運輸飼料的費用。 -
The article firstly explains the knowledge creation process in the new product development through introducing the concept of knowledge value chain, and secondly it analyzes the relativity of organization environment and knowledge creation by virtue of structural equation model ; lastly it tries to propose the index system of knowledge creation performance and makes evaluation of performance by using the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. through above study, the article provides the new management thoughts for the product development of the enterprises, which makes the enterprises form the npd organization environment in favor of knowledge creation and improves the efficiency of knowledge creation and application, and shortens the npd cycle, and lowers npd costs, and improves npd quality, and promotes the technological and knowledge innovation
本文首先通過引入知識價值鏈的概念，解析基於并行工程思想的新產品開發四個階段中的知識創造過程，然後在以結構方程模型（ sem ）方法建模的基礎上，利用相應的lisrel軟體對調研數據進行分析，得出組織環境與知識創造相關性的若干結論，最後通過驗證性因素分析，嘗試提出新產品開發中的知識創造績效的指標體系，並運用模糊綜合評價法進行績效評估。 -
The producers of packaged products argue strongly against changing sizes of packages to contain even weights and volumes, but no one in the trade comments unfavorably on the huge costs incurred by endless changes of package sizes, materials, shape, art work, and net weights that are used for improving a product ' s market position
生產包裝產品的商家極力反對在改變了包裝上原有分量的商品，但他們卻絲毫不反對為了擴大產品的市場優勢，用於不斷改變包裝的大小、用料、形狀、製作工藝以及商品的凈重的大筆花費。 -
Coming off a successful fiscal year, adventure works cycles is looking to broaden its market share by targeting their sales to their best customers, extending their product availability through an external web site, and reducing their cost of sales through lower production costs
實現一個成功的財務年度之後， adventure works cycles希望通過以下方法擴大市場份額：專注于向高端客戶提供產品、通過外部網站擴展其產品的銷售渠道、通過降低生產成本來削減其銷售成本。 -
This shall constitute the sole and exclusive remedy for breach of warranty, and the company shall not be responsible for any incidental, special or consequential damages, including without limitation, lost profits or the cost of repairing or replacing other property which is damaged if this product does not work properly, other costs resulting from labor charges, delays, vandalism, negligence, fouling caused by foreign material, damage from adverse water conditions, chemical, or any other circumstances over which the company has no control
這將構成有缺陷產品的唯一的補救措施，對于任何因此產生的事故，特殊的或間接損失，包括由於產品工作不正常而造成的沒有限制、虧損、維修或更換其他受到損壞的財產的成本，其他由此產生的人工成本、延遲、破壞、疏忽，由外部物質產生的積垢，由於逆向水條件、化工產品或任何其它瓦茨公司無法控制的情況造成的損害，美國瓦茨公司都不承擔任何責任。 -
The supplier shall defend, indemnify and hold the buyer, its dealers and users harmless from any and all damages, liabilities, costs and expenses ( including but not limited to attorney ' s fees ) incurred by the buyer as a result of any claim, judgment or proceeding against the buyer or any of its customers or dealers in which it is determined or alleged that the product infringes any patent, copyright, trademark, trade secret or other proprietary or contractual right of any third party, based on any product or any other materials furnished by the supplier
基於供應方的所有產品和任何完成再加工材料:供應商應該擔保維護，保障采購商，分銷商及用戶的合法權益，並擔保賠償因為所謂的產品侵權行為所引起的一切經濟損失 -
Following a successful fiscal year, adventure works cycles now wants to broaden its market share by targeting advertising to its best customers, extending product availability through an external web site, and reducing the cost of sales by reducing production costs
實現一個成功的會計年度之後， adventure works cycles現在希望通過以下方法擴大市場份額：專注于向高端客戶提供產品、通過外部網站擴展其產品的銷售渠道、通過降低生產成本來削減其銷售成本。
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