c-scope c 中文意思是什麼

Plant endemism is the key problem in floristic study. analysis of endemism in a flora has significant implications in demonstrating floristic richness and diversity, the relationship between plants and their environment, and also in conserving biodiversity of the flora. in view of the situation that most of the past studies on endemism were qualitative, this study is the first tentative approach to the introduction of quantitative indices to the analysis of floristic endemism, with an purpose to push the study of endemism from qualitative to quantitative. four quantitative indices are introduced, i. e. level of endemism ( l ), coefficient of endemism ( c ), degree of endemism ( d ) and general index of endemism ( a ). mathematical formulae have been given to each of the above indices and explanations for them have been presented, and the scope of their use in floristic studies has been delimited and exemplified in this paper. the result shows that they are of good applicability. the proposed indices embody full information of plant systematics and plant geography. with the aid of qualitative analysis, the application of the proposed indices will improve the comparability and precision of endemism study in floristics

過去有關特有現象的研究主要限於定性的分析，可比性和精確性較差.該文嘗試引入特有現象的定量化指標，以推動特有現象的分析研究從定性水平向定量水平邁進.所引入的4種定量化指標分別是：特有水平、特有系數、特有度以及特有綜合指數.對每種量化指標都給出了數學表達式，說明了其區系學意義，例證和界定了這些指標在植物區系分析中的應用，結果表明，它們有良好的適用性.這些指標充分地包含了植物系統學和植物區系學的信息.結合定性分析，這些指標的應用將增強植物區系研究的可比性，使植物區系特有現象的分析達到更精確的水平

Commenting on the report, commission chairman c. richard d amato said, " in the rapidly changing big and broad economic relationship with china, it is crucial to have a full, comprehensive understanding of the facts and scope of the relationship

說： 「美國對華經濟關系意義重大，涉及面廣並不斷迅速變化，全面深入地考察雙方關系的有關事實與影響至關重要。

Class scope, if the current location is inside a c member function

類范圍，如果當前位置在c + +成員函數內。

In the second place, the scope of liability for c

第三部分，對締約過失責任的研究。

Also, in visual c 2005, all objects in scope when the asynchronous exception is generated will not be destroyed even if the asynchronous exception is handled

此外，在visual c + + 2005中，當生成異步異常時，即使處理了異步異常也不會損壞范圍內的所有對象。

Rights of things have 5 features : ( a ) physical things define the scope of property rights ; ( b ) its primary method is to protect the possession of right - holder. ; ( c ) the thing itself play an important role in deciding the value of the right ; ( d ) the objects of it are mainly unique things ; ( e ) once lose the possessory security of thing itself, " right of thing " divert from its paradigm

通過對物權客體的考察，發現物權所採取的機制具有以下幾個特徵： （ 1 ）物質意義上的物確定著權利的物理邊界； （ 2 ）其主要的保護的手段是保護物本身的佔有； （ 3 ）物本身在權利價值的形成中有著重要的意義； （ 4 ）物權在不可以替代的物上體現得更為充分。

This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。

The c / s mode system has the disadvantages of high developing cost, complex software maintenance and difficult system migration, which make the fully utilizing of the manage system in the whole enterprise impossible, to say nothing of the usage in a broader scope

單一的c s模式系統開發成本較高、軟體維護復雜、系統移植困難，使管理系統在整個企業甚至更廣泛范圍內得不到充分利用；採用b s模式，簡化了客戶軟體開發，然而對數據安全性提出了更高要求，同時較難實現復雜數據交互窗口功能。

Specifies the model of exception handling to be used by the compiler and destroys c objects that will go out of scope as a result of the exception

指定編譯器要使用的異常處理模型，並且銷毀由於異常的原因將超出范圍的c + +對象。如果未指定

Is not specified, the compiler will catch structured and c exceptions, but will not destroy c objects that will go out of scope as a result of the exception

，編譯器將捕獲結構化異常和c + +異常，但將不銷毀由於異常的原因而將超出范圍的c + +對象。

From this paper ' s study, it had been identified that the pushover analysis method was reliable in scope below : ( a ) low - middle rise, regular, the first model deformable structures, ( b ) short - period structures, ( c ) middle - rise non - symmetric frame structures, ( d ) middle - rise vertical - irregular frame structures, ( e ) middle - rise base - isolated structures, etc. it had also been identified that the time history analysis method could be replaced by the pushover analysis method when the pushover analysis method was reliable

通過本文的研究，證明了pushover法在如下結構中的應用具有足夠的準確性：中低層、規則、以第一振型為主要變形特徵的結構，短周期結構，多層不對稱框架結構，多層豎向不規則框架結構，多層基礎隔震結構。同時證明了在pushover法的適用范圍內，可以應用簡單的pushover法代替復雜的非線性動力時程分析法對結構進行抗震性能評估。

With good experience r d engineers and high quality employees taiwan filler start the business. we treat all customers the v. i. p, no matter the scope of project, we do our best to all details. the team in taiwan filler with strictly control from offering, management producing, q. c and shipping. what we are focus in provide best product and reliable performance

喬泓實業股份有限公司專精食品飲料罐頭包裝等一系列從規劃設計製造服務，經營團隊均有數十年之實戰經驗，秉持豐富的技術研發設計製造永續經營及周全之服務，為業界提供最佳的平臺。

At present, purchease - sales - inventory manage systems generally have two types of constructive patterns. one is c / s, the other is b / s. in view of their advantages and shortcomings as well as correlative factors, such as its operations characteristic and actuality, being changing intranet environment and customary demanding fashion and developing trend of operations and manage fashions of corporations, the paper puts forward a kind of mixed constructive pattern of c / s and b / s aiming at complex operation, frequent data processing, more data transmitting and high - demand to security, the c / s is used. on the contrary, for those operations of wide scope and low - rise security, the b / s is used. in this way, the mixed patterns has the advantages both c / s and b / s and it satisfied different special demands

目前進銷存系統一般採用c s或b s兩種結構模式，根據圖書進銷存業務特點和現狀、現在企業普遍改造的intranet環境、企業長期的需求習慣方式及將來業務和經營方式的發展趨勢，針對c s 、 b s結構進銷存系統各自優缺點，本文提出了採用一種c s和b s混合結構模式。把業務復雜、數據處理頻繁、數據傳輸量大、安全性要求高的業務，運用c s結構模式，而對于面向范圍廣、安全性要求不高的業務，運用b s結構模式。這樣集c s和b s結構的優點，滿足了圖書進銷存業務不同的特點需求，同時，使企業的原有的經營處理應用系統能平滑過渡，也為滿足今後新的需求具有很好的擴展性。

Method, as c does. the scope of the

方法的范圍是受保護的。

Fanally, the thesis analysized the function of the transaction cost and mergerial cost in a & m detailly, and just conclusioned that the best scope of a firm due to the t & c and m & c together, also emphasized, we argued that the tax elements is very important in the a & m decision

最後，本文詳細分析了並購對交易成本和管理成本的影響，認為正是交易成本和管理成本共同作用決定了企業的最佳規模；同時，著重分析了稅收因素在企業並購決策中的重要作用。

C the award deals with a difference not contemplated by or not falling within the terms of the submission to arbitration, or it contains decisions on matters beyond the scope of the submission to arbitration, provided that, if the decisions on matters submitted to arbitration can be separated from those not so submitted, that part of the award which contains decisions on matters submitted to arbitration may be recognized and enforced ; or

三裁決涉及的異議是仲裁協議沒有提到的，或不屬于提交裁仲條款規定的情況或者裁決內含有提交仲裁條款范圍以外事項的決定但是，對于提交仲裁條款范圍以內的事項作出的決定，如果可以和提交仲裁條款范圍以外的事項作出的決定分開，那麼，就提交仲裁條款范圍以內的事項作出的決定仍然可予以承認和執行或者

The names defined in the library have namespace scope ( 7. 3 ). a c + + translation unit ( 2. 1 ) obtains access to these names by including the appropriate standard library header ( 16. 2 )

在標準庫中定義的名字具有名字空間作用域（ 7 . 3 ） 。 c + +編譯單元（ 2 . 1 ）可通過包含相應的標準庫頭文件（ 16 . 2 ）來獲取訪問這些名字的能力。

C scope c

型顯示器方位角

Ltd. the business scope contains the switch power system, scada system, battery monitoring system, network video long - range monitoring system, gsm message gprs wireless monitoring system and intellectual building a c energy - saving system and relevant communication products for communication computer roos and electric computer rooms

司在大陸投資成立，業務范圍涵蓋通信機房電力機房的開關電源系統動力設備和環境集中監控系統蓄電池監測系統，網路視頻遠程監控系統gsm簡訊gprs無線線監控系統智

There are four requirements for liability for conclusion of a contract : a ) one party violates the previous contract obligation ; b ) the party violated obligation is at fault ; c ) the aggrieved party suffers losses ; d ) there is causality between the behavior which violates obligation and the losses. the form to bear liability for conclusion of a contract is to compensate for losses, and the scope of compensation will be different according to the applying scope. the liability for conclusion of a contract ca n ' t be exempted because of force majeure, bu t when the force majeure occurs, abiding by the principle of fairness seems to be more accordant with fairness, good faith and original intention of legislation of liability for conclusion of a contract

需具備四個構成要件，即締約人一方違反先合同義務，違反先合同義務的一方有過錯，受害人受有損失，違反先合同義務的行為與受害人之損失有因果關系。承擔締約責任的方式是損害賠償，並因適用范圍的不同，賠償的范圍也有差異。但是，不可抗力不可以構成締約責任的免責事由，當發生不可抗力時，適用公平責任似乎更符合公平、誠實信用及締約責任的立法原意。