carriage of cargo 中文意思是什麼
carriage of cargo
解釋
運載貨物-
This thesis is planed to analyze and demonstrate this obligation in detail, and tries to clarify the issues below : 1, the differences in the obligation standards among the carrier, the common carrier and the bailee, and the differences in the obligation standards between care of cargo and making the ship seaworthy ; 2, combined with the cases and shipping practice, solving the problems which is produced in fulfilling the obligation ; 3, with the principle of law, analyzing the character of the responsibility which should assume when the care of cargo obligation is breached ; 4, introducing the provisions about care o f cargo obligation in preliminary draft instrument on the carriage of goods by sea and expressing my opinions
本文擬對這一義務進行詳細的分析和論證，試圖闡明以下幾個方面的問題： 1 、承運人管貨義務所要求的「妥善和謹慎」的標準與公共承運人、託管人管貨義務的標準的區別，與承運人適航義務的標準「克盡職責」的區別； 2 、結合有關案例和航運實務，分析該條文字面所表述的管貨義務的各個環節在實際運用中的相關問題； 3 、從法理的角度分析違反管貨義務所應承擔的責任的性質； 4 、介紹正在制訂的《海上貨物運輸法》 （草案）中關于承運人管貨義務的規定，並提出自己的意見。 -
A carriage contract is a contract whereby the carrier carries the passenger or cargo from the place of departure to the prescribed destination, and the passenger, consignor or consignee pays the fare or freightage
第二百八十八條運輸合同是承運人將旅客或者貨物從起運地點運輸到約定地點，旅客、托運人或者收貨人支付票款或者運輸費用的合同。 -
Where the multi - modal carriage operator sustains any loss due to the fault of the consignor in the course of consigning the cargo, the consignor shall be liable for damages notwithstanding its subsequent assignment of the multi - modal carriage document
第三百二十條因托運人托運貨物時的過錯造成多式聯運經營人損失的，即使托運人已經轉讓多式聯運單據，托運人仍然應當承擔損害賠償責任。 -
Writer ' s view of point is that delivery of cargo without original bills of lading has the character of breaching of the contract, because releasing cargo against original bills of lading is carrier ' s legal liability in carrying out the carriage of goods by sea. also it has the character of action in tort, as if the actions violate the civil law of liability in tort, the doer shall take on the liability of compensation. however when actions are both of breach and in tort, the chinese law gives the victim the rights to choose to sue in tort or of breach, but some limitations in applying substantive law
第二章論述無單放貨的法律性質，筆者認為，無單放貨具有違約性，因為保證憑正本提單交付貨物是承運人在履行海上貨物運輸合同中的一項法定義務；無單放貨具有侵權性，只要無單放貨行為構成承擔侵權行為民事責任的要件，無單放貨行為人就必須承擔賠償責任；同時，無單放貨的違約性和侵權性可能構成責任競合時，我國法律允許受害人可以選擇一個訴因行使其請求權，但對實體法請求權的選擇，法律作出了一定范圍的限制；最後，無單放貨在某種程度上促進了航運業的發展，我們不能一概加以否定，無單放貨在特定情況下具有一定的合理性。 -
Generally speaking, it should be deemed as a sign of accepting the cont ract of carriage that the consignee claims against the carrier ( claiming to take delivery of cargo or claiming the damage / loss caused by the carrier )
一般情況下，應當將收貨人向承運人主張權利（要求提貨或者就貨物損壞、滅失或遲延交付行使索賠權）視為收貨人受讓運輸合同的標志。 -
In consigning its cargo, the consignor shall correctly provide the carrier with the name of the consignee or the consignee to whose order the cargo is deliverable, as well as any necessary information relating to carriage of the cargo, such as the name, nature, weight, and quantity of the cargo and the place for taking delivery thereof
第三百零四條托運人辦理貨物運輸，應當向承運人準確表明收貨人的名稱或者姓名或者憑指示的收貨人，貨物的名稱、性質、重量、數量，收貨地點等有關貨物運輸的必要情況。 -
1 the vessel is covered subject to the provisions of this insurance at all times and has leave to sail or navigate with or without pilots, to go on trial trips and to assist and tow vessels or craft in distress, but it is warranted that with the exception of catch the vessel shall not carry cargo or containers for the carriage of cargo and shall not be towed, except as is customary or to the first safe port or place when in need of assistance, or undertake towage or salvage services under a contract previously arranged by the assured and / or owners and / or managers and / or charterers
1保險船舶在所有時間根據保險的各項規定承保，並許可在有或沒有引航員的情況下開航或試航及協助，拖帶遇險船舶或駁船，但保證除了捕獲的魚之外，不得運載貨物或裝載貨物的集裝箱，漁船不得被拖帶，除非是習慣性的，或當需要時被拖帶至第一個安全港口或地點，也不得根據被保險人、船舶所有人、管理人和/或承租人事先安排的合同從事拖帶或救助服務。 -
Provided also that, where any of the services performed by the handling company hereunder relate to the carriage by the carrier of passengers, baggage or cargo directly to or from a place in the united states of america, then if the limitations of liability imposed by article 22 of the warsaw convention would have applied if any such act or omission had been committed by the carrier but are held by a court not to be applicable to such act or omission committed by the handling company in performing this agreement, then upon such decision of the court, the indemnity of the carrier to the handling company hereunder shall be limited to an amount not exceeding the amount for which the carrier would have been liable if it had ommitted such act or omission
而且，當地勤公司提供的服務，涉及航空公司運送之人員、行李、及貨物，在美國本土直接往來輸送；不當行為或疏失若是航空公司所犯，即可適用華沙空運公約第22條有限責任之規定；但地勤公司履行本合約的不當行為或疏失，經法院判決不適用該條文；則一旦法院判決確立，航空公司依約賠付地勤公司之金額，不得超出本身犯下上述行為或疏失時應付的賠償額。 -
Where two or more carriers jointly carry the cargo using the same method of transportation, the carrier contracting with the consignor shall be responsible for the whole course of carriage
第三百一十三條兩個以上承運人以同一運輸方式聯運的，與托運人訂立合同的承運人應當對全程運輸承擔責任。 -
Cargo arrival notice in contract on carriage of goods by sea
水路貨物運輸合同中承運人的到貨通知義務 -
Where the consignor or consignee fails to pay the freightage, safekeeping fee and other expenses in connection with the carriage of the cargo, the carrier is entitled to a possessory lien on the corresponding portion of the cargo, except otherwise agreed by the parties
第三百一十五條托運人或者收貨人不支付運費、保管費以及其他運輸費用的，承運人對相應的運輸貨物享有留置權，但當事人另有約定的除外。 -
A known consignor is a person who offers a consignment of cargo for carriage by air in hong kong to either a cargo agent or an airline operator
已知托運人已托運人是指把貨物交託給貨運商或航空公司于本港空運出口的人。 -
Care of cargo is a main obligation of the carrier during the carriage of goods by sea. since the harter act enacted in 1893, it is imposed on the carrier forcibly and non - delegablly
管貨義務是海上貨物運輸中承運人的一項主要義務，自1893年《哈特法》頒布以來，這一義務就強制的，不可轉移的加諸于承運人。 -
Lien on marine goods is carrier ' s right not to deliver but to sell the goods legally possessed under the contract of carriage of goods by sea or according to law when the freight, demurrage and contribution in general average etc. are not paid by the cargo party, and to enjoy priority in compensation with the proceeds of sale of the goods
海運貨物留置權是承運人依據海上貨物運輸合同或法律規定所具有的對其在運輸過程中所合法佔有的貨物，在貨方不支付運費、滯期費以及共同海損分攤等費用時，不予以交付並加以處置，以及從處置所得價款中優先受償的權利。 -
To monitor the safe carriage of dangerous goods by air, cad officers carry out random inspections on air cargo shippers and freight forwarders to ensure their handling of dangerous goods comply with the appropriate regulations
為了確保空運危險品安全，民航處職員不時巡察空運貨物付運人及發運人處理危險品方法，確保有關做法符合法例，去年巡察數目達一百一十二次。 -
In the realm of carriage of goods by sea, it represents the contractual relationship. in the realm of international trade, it is a document of right of possession and a prima facie evidence of ownership of the cargo, and the object of pledge in the realm of balance of letter of credit
在海上貨物運輸領域，提單所體現的是一種債的法律關系；在國際貿易領域內，提單是佔有權憑證和貨物所有權的初步證據；在信用證結算領域，提單是權利質押的客體。
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