central institutions 中文意思是什麼
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This dissertation aims to probe into the institutional changes and institutional clashes between the enlarging european union and the central & eastern european countries ( ceecs ), as well as to construct a tentative theoretical innovation to account for institutional interactions between them. supported by political neo - institutionalism and borrowing institutional concepts from nobel prize - winner douglas north, the dissertation is set against a background of the dual process of institutional expansion by the eu and active institutional convergence on the ceecs " own accords. starting from the positive and negative impacts triggered by eu enlargement on both the eu ' s and the ceecs " political, governance and economic institutions, the dissertation carries out a systematic study of the partial adjustments and comprehensive reforms on the part of the eu, as well as of the europeanized transformation of the domestic institutions in the accession countries
本文以新制度主義政治學為理論支點，以歐盟通過東擴實現制度擴張及中東歐向歐盟制度主動趨同的進程為背景，以東擴引發的制度變遷和制度對撞為研究對象，從分析考察東擴進程對于雙方政治權力制度和經濟治理制度的雙向沖擊及正負面影響入手，系統研究了歐盟東擴引發的歐盟制度局部調整與全面改革、及中東歐新成員國國內制度的歐洲化轉軌之雙重進程，分析總結出東擴制度互動的規律、模式與渠道，並在此基礎上構築了一種解釋轉型國家與超國家機構之間制度互動的實驗性理論模型「錮囚鋒理論」 ，從理論高度上對現實規律進行歸納。 -
To realize this great selfish ambition, cultural and educational elite drastically criticized xikun scholars who held important political and educational positions but advocated poetic pursuit to escape from political dangers, and posed many models of educational discursive practice to control, better, and cultivate the full - of - desire societal life being neglected and thrown out of the academic sight by xikun school : firstly, in the early period, fan zhongyan and his followers, sun fu, and shi jie, et al., believed that confucian principles could be used to reform political, and educational institutions and improve society ; secondly, after fan, wanganshi, being treated as cultural rebel by other traditional moralists and politic competitors, did a failure of national wide educational and political reforms to cultivate financial talents, based on his coarse economics knowledge about how to enrich the central government ; thirdly, ou yangxiu and su shi focused attention on reform the highly rigidified literature and art education system at that time according to their cultural ideal that everybody has the right to express what his daily life, emotions and dreams, which could be seen as an irony by the fact that only themselves " life and feeling could enter into their literature and art education kingdom, while those who described lowly people " s experience, such as liu yong " s sentimental assays written specially for female performers and even the prostitutes, had to suffer from exclusion
但是，在十一世紀的文教空間中，真正值得考古學注意的知識是由理學家發明的，這不光因為，正是理學（而不是范學、王學、蘇學等這些在當時權力更大的知識）日後成了支配中國文教社會生活的權力，更是由於在十一世紀的文教界，只有理學家從一種最抽象的視角，認為十一世紀喧囂混亂的世俗生活及其基本的教化問題，無論多麼復雜，都可以歸結為人身上的理性與慾望之間的斗爭。就「哲學」能力而言，在渴望成聖、平天下的文教精英當中，理學家無疑是最出色的，他們能夠想到從「人」的結構出發，來認識世間紛繁復雜的現象，因而只需靜坐一處沉思人本身的秘密，而不必象王安石等人那樣認為到各地去調查，才可以摸清世間的狀況與問題。尤其不可思儀的是，他們的知識竟來源於看上去對教化世俗並不感興趣、只想追求長生不老的道士。 -
Besides the catechetical correspondence course offered by the central council of catholic laity including text model and web model, it is hoped that other institutions diocesan audio - visual center and diocesan laity formation office etc. can make use of information technology, to produce multi - media catechism revision courses, by means of self - learning cds and websites etc., emphasizing interaction and interest. such courses can even provide teachers who will hold periodic meetings as follow up for the learning process
除教友總會的再慕道課程文字及網上版外，有關機構教區視聽中心及教區教友培育辦事處等可利用資訊科技製作多媒體再慕道課程，透過自學光碟及相關網際網路，強調互動和趣味，甚至有導師定時跟進學習過程，詢問有關進度等，課程內容以生活和信仰整合為中心。 -
So the compilation and implementation cf land use planning on central town must be guaranteed by the reformation such as land property institution, registered permanent residence institution, social security system, supervising the implementation of planning, cadre appraisement institution and so on. finally, this paper makes a tentative study on the above - mentioned institutions
中心鎮土地利用規劃只有得到政績考核制度、土地審批制度、社會保障制度、規劃實施監督制度、戶籍制度、土地產權制度等相應制度的保障，才能順利實施和實現既定方案和目標，因此，本文最後對上述各項制度改革進行了初步的探討。 -
We must give our support to the major news media and research institutions of social s of the party and state, to the major cultural projects and art schools and troupes that are up to national standards and embody national characteristics, to the protection of major cultural heritage and outstanding folk arts, and to the cultural development in the old revolutionary base areas, areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, remote areas, impoverished areas and the central and western regions of the country
堅持和完善支持文化公益事業發展的政策措施，扶持黨和國家重要的新聞媒體和社會科學研究機構，扶持體現民族特色和國家水準的重大文化項目和藝術院團，扶持對重要文化遺產和優秀民間藝術的保護工作，扶持老少邊窮地區和中西部地區的文化發展。 -
Corporate culture is the comprehensive reflection of the administrative thought, administrative style, value standard, behavioral norm, regulations and institutions, traditions and customs which are first advocated by the management and commonly recognized by all the personnel of the company. it is a multiple - level system, which can be classified into two levels : the central level and the outer level
企業文化用理性的詞語來表述，是企業在長期的生產經營中，經過企業經營者的倡導，全體員工認同、實踐而形成的管理思想、管理作風、價值標準、行為規范、規章制度、傳統習慣的綜合反映，是以「人」為中心所建立起來的，上下一致、共同遵守的價值體系，以及由此導致的行為模式。 -
In addition, however, since the committee contains representatives from institutions which are not central banks, the decisions it takes carry the commitment of many national authorities outside the central banking fraternity. one important objective of the committee s work has been to close gaps in international supervisory coverage in pursuit of two basic principles : that no foreign banking establishment should escape supervision ; and that supervision should be adequate
第二種解決方案在中國既存的公司法體制下可能易於操作一些，即通過向所管理的基金持有人發行一種特殊種類的管理公司的股票，並且在管理公司創制股票種類的章程中規定出獨立董事的作用，從而使該機制得以實施。 -
More qfiis are expected to enter the country with the authorities recently lowering the entry threshold and relaxing controls over management of investment quotas and trading accounts. overseas financial institutions such as hsbc and goldman sachs expect the central bank to take further steps for greater flexibility of the exchange rate during the rest of the year
目前，中國正降低境外證券投資商的進入門檻，並在逐步放寬對投資額度和交易帳戶管理的限制，這將吸引更多的合格境外機構投資者進入我國市場。 -
A number of famous and historical education institutions stand in the central & western district, including this well - known university. built in 1911, the university is one of the most famous in far east. there were only 54 students studying at the university of hong kong in the first academic session, but since its establishment, the number graduates has exceeded 40, 000 and many of them have since become elites in the government and indeed in all sectors of hong kong
在中西區林立著不小著名和歷史悠久的教育機構，包括廣為人知的香港大學。香港大學始建於一九一一年，是遠東歷史最悠久、聲譽昭隆的大學之一。香港大學第一屆學生只有54人，但建校以來的畢業生，人數迄今已超逾四萬人。 -
Tracking, simulate, forecast the excess central banks money supply, oil prices, currency shocks and capital inflow, resulted soaring and rising interest rate, bond spread, 1995, and 1998 summer us financial institutions speculation, betting on the wrong side of bond spread, resulted ltcm billion dollar failure and global credit squeeze
模擬追縱過高貨幣政策與油價及匯率貶值導致高經濟成長與通膨及外資湧入造成國際股房市暴漲貿易逆差大增企業營運虧損，資金緊縮，提高利率，股房市及衍生工具價格模擬協助金融監管，避免賭錯方向，造成損失暴跌， -
As a response to these developments, the center for chinese studies and the national central library will host an international conference in order to facilitate exchange between institutions engaged in the digitalization of sinological materials
為便各國之間對已數位化的漢學資源交流經驗，分享成果，漢學研究中心與國家圖書館特籌辦數位時代漢學研究資源國際研討會。 -
The debate on this subject touches on larger issues concerning the accountability and independence of central banking institutions
有關的討論觸及金管局的獨立性與問責性。 -
The link between the central securities depositories in mainland and hong kong will enable investors to settle their trades in a secure environment, thus reducing the settlement risk borne by mainland financial institutions permitted to engage in foreign exchange business when trading in debt securities issued in hong kong and around the world.
兩地債券結算系統的聯網，實有助減低內地經批準可經營外匯業務的金融機構投資者在處理香港及世界各地發行的債券交易時的結算風險，為投資者增加了一條極為安全的債券交收渠道。 -
Central banking institutions have the duty to identify and assess risks to monetary and financial stability
央行機構有責任辨識及評估貨幣及金融穩定所面對的風險。 -
All of the decisions made by the central government were passed down through various educational administrative organizations for implementation at different levels by the local governments and educational institutions, which possessed less authority in terms of decision - making and flexibility
然後再透過教育行政體系，逐層交由各級地方政府及學校去執行，地方及學校的自主彈性相當小。 -
The causes are as follows : financial institutions do not pay enough attention to county economies in transforming their operating mechanism ; reforms of financial control system lags behind, resulting in impeded transmission of the central bank ' s monetary policy in county economies ; the deterioration of the credit function of state - owned commercial banks seriously weakens their support for county economic development ; the impact of the state industrial policy ; limitations of the qualifications of financial firms ; and weak social credit climate in county economies
形成原因主要有金融機構經營方式轉化上對縣域經濟重視不夠；金融管理體制改革滯后，導致央行貨幣政策在縣域傳導不暢；國有商業銀行信貸功能退化，嚴重削弱了對縣域經濟發展的支持力度；國家產業政策的影響，金融企業本身素質限制以及縣域社會信用環境差等。 -
The research of term structure of interest rates can give the pricing foundation of the capital market, and promote bond market ’ s development, enrich central bank ’ s control instruments, boost interest rate ’ s floating, advance finance institutions ’ abilities of risk control, and at last make the financial system more steady
對利率期限結構的研究可以為市場提供定價基礎、促進債券市場的發展和完善、豐富央行調控工具和加強央行調控能力、促進利率市場化、提升金融機構的投資管理與風險控制水平，最終提升金融系統的穩定性。 -
This paper dissertates the problems in the accounting reform of the public institutions of our country : changing the public institution accounting into state - owned non - profit organization accounting in the accounting system of government and non - profit organization ; establishing a separate accounting system for the state - owned non - profit organizations ; adding accounting rules for economic transactions in central revenue and payment by the country and the government central purchase ; dividing the existing accounting factors of net assets into two accounting factors : funds and balance
筆者論述了我國事業單位會計改革的主要問題：將事業單位會計改變為政府與非營利組織會計體系中的國有非營利組織會計、單獨制定國有非營利組織會計準則、增加國庫集中收付和政府集中采購經濟業務會計核算的規定、將現行的凈資產會計要素分為基金和結余兩個會計要素等。 -
Based on the reviewing and exploring to the research of network theories of enterprise, this paper constructs an integrated framework of “ 5c ( cluster, chain - - capability, contract ? competitiveness ) ” to analyze enterprise networks, along the analytic line of phenomenon - - process - - performance - - strategic practice. it aims to answer how the small and medium enterprises ( smes ) in rural areas of central china can improve their competitiveness through networking with other enterprises or institutions
本文在企業網路理論綜述與探討的基礎上，沿著現象? ?過程? ?績效? ?戰略實踐的分析思路，建立了一個研究企業網路統一的5c （ cluster ， chain ? ? capability ， contract ? ? competitiveness ）分析框架（反映了企業網路的空間分析、機制分析和績效分析） ，來回答:中國中部農區中小企業如何通過結網來提高自己的競爭力問題。 -
The people ' s bank of china, the nation ' s central bank, said friday that it will raise the required reserves of financial institutions at the central bank by 0. 5 percentage points starting on july 5
中國央行中國人民銀行在星期五宣布將從7月五日起將金融機構存款準備金率提高5 。
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