chapter l 中文意思是什麼
chapter l
解釋
英美文學選讀-
In the fourth chapter, we study the strong regularity of left sf - rings whose every nonzero one - sided ideal contains nonzero weak ideal and every special annihilator is weak ideal, and we prove the following results : l ) strong left ( right ) weakly bounded left sf - rings are strongly regular rings
第四章，主要研究每個非零的單邊理想包含非零的弱理想的左sf -環以及每個特殊零化子是弱理想的左sf -環的強正則性。證明了： 1 ）強左（右）弱有界的左sf -環是強正則環。 -
The structure of this paper goes like this, the first chapter introduce the development of e - b / l in practice and in laws. and draw a conclution that the electrification of the b / l is a history tide. in the second chapter, on the basic of reseach the security trap in e - b / l running, 1 conclude six security elements of, e - b / l : the liability of the system, the authenticity of dealers ' identity. the integrity and secrecy of electronic data, and the validity and evidence effectiveness of electronic data. from the third chapter to the eighth, 1 reseach these elements one by one. the third chapter introduce the establishment of the e - b / l security system, and some related laws the fourth chapter introduce the certification authority of e - b / l. in the fifth chapter, 1 introduce the encrypt of electronic information and some countries ' control on use / import / export crytography. the sixth chapter introduce the concept and principle of digital signature, and reseach some related legal issues. the seventh chapter reseach the legal demand of validity, then come to a conclution that to establish a independent electronic information system is necessary. in the eighth chapter, 1 reseach some countries " regulation on the evidence effectiveness of electronic data
第二章在分析電子提單運作中的安全隱患的基礎上，歸納出其六大安全要素，即系統的可靠性、交易者身份的真實性、數據電訊的機密性和完整性、數據電訊的合法有效性以及交易者行為的不可抵賴性。第三章到第八章分別對這六大要素進行分析：第三章介紹了電子提單網路安全體系的建立以及系統安全保護法規，第四章則介紹了電子提單的安全認證機構，第五章介紹了信息加密技術以及各國立法對密碼技術的進出口及使用的控制，第六章介紹了數字簽名的概念及原理，並以bolero為例介紹了數字簽名的技術方式，對有關法律問題作了論述；第七章首先論述了電子提單對有效性的法律需求，然後結合國內法和國際規則的規定論證了數據電訊制度產生的必然性；第八章通過對各國立法對電子證據的法律效力的規定，論述了對電子交易至關重要的數據電訊的不可抵賴性。 -
In chapter l, the concepts of ceramic microstructure, the basic theory of grain growth kinetics, monte caro simulation model and other computer simulation models are indoduced
第一章緒論：簡要介紹陶瓷顯微結構的概念以及晶粒生長動力學的基礎理論；概述晶粒生長的montecarlo的基礎模擬模型以及其它的計算機模擬模型。 -
This dissertation follows three chapters. in chapter l, it points out that the manipulation of securities market is intrinsically a sort of fraudulent torts, by analyzing the legal nature of the manipulation in light of such basic theories as jurisprudence, civil law and commercial law
本文共三章。第一章利用法理學、民商法學等基本理論分析了操縱市場行為在商法上的性質，指出操縱市場行為實質是一種欺詐性的侵權行為。 -
Chapter 2 of this paper, by using a new method of proof, we obtain the weak ergodic convergence theorem for general semigroups of asymptotically nonexpansive type semigroups in reflexive banach space. by theorem 2. 1 of chapter 1 we get the weak ergodic convergence theorem of almost orbit for general semigroups of asymptotically nonexpansive type semigroups in reflexive banach space. by this method of proof, we give the weak ergodic convergence theorems for right reversible semigroups. by theorem 2. 1 of chapter l, we generalize the result to almost orbit case. so we can remove a key supposition that almost orbit is almost asymptotically isometric. it includes all commutative semigroups cases. baillon [ 8 ], hirano and takahashi [ 9 ] gave nonlinear retraction theorems for nonexpansive semigroups. recently mizoguchi and takahashi [ 10 ] proved a nonlinear ergodic retraction theorem for lipschitzian semigroups. hirano and kido and takahashi [ 11 ], hirano [ 12 ] gave nonlinear retraction theorems for nonexpansive mappings in uniformly convex banach spaces with frechet differentiable norm. in 1997, li and ma [ 16 ] proved the ergodic retraction theorem for general semitopological semigroups in hilbert space without the conditions that the domain is closed and convex, which greatly extended the fields of applications of ergodic theory. chapter 2 of this paper, we obtain the ergodic retraction theorem for general semigroups and almost orbits of asymptotically nonexpansive type semigroups in reflexive banach spaces. and we give the ergodic retraction theorem for almost orbits of right reversible semitopological semigroups
近年來， bruck [ 5 ] ， reich [ 6 ] ， oka [ 7 ]等在具frechet可微范數的一致凸banach空間中給出了非擴張及漸近非擴張映射及半群的遍歷收斂定理。 li和ma [ 13 ]在具frechet可微范數的自反banach空間中給出了一般交換漸近非擴張型拓撲半群的遍歷收斂定理，這是一個重大突破。本文第二章用一種新的證明方法在自反banach空間中，研究了揚州大學碩士學位論文2一般半群上的（ r ）類漸近非擴張型半群的弱遍歷收斂定理，即:定理3 . 1設x是具性質（ f ）的實自反banach空間， c是x的非空有界閉凸子集， g為含單位元的一般半群， s =仕工， 。 -
In chapter l, the present state of locomotive load test is summarized ; the defect of water resistance - load and original resistance - load is analyzed ; then igbt being applied in resistance - load test bed is proposed and the trend of the thyristor is forsight in chapter 2, the principle of igbt driving & protecting circuit is studied, and the dissertation introduces the hybrid circuit designed for driving igbt module and its protection technique
第一章綜述了目前國內機車負載實驗的狀況，分析了水阻試驗臺和原干阻試驗臺的缺陷，提出了採用igbt技術改造新的干阻試驗臺，並展望了功率半導體的發展前景。第二章研究了igbt的驅動和保護的原理和技術，並介紹了專用的驅動器m57962l和igbt的保護方法。 -
In chapter l, we in - troduces self mappings on an interval, the roots of the functions, functional equations and the embedding flow
對迭代的研究涉及線段上的自映射，迭代根與迭代函數方程，迭代根與嵌入流等問題。 -
In chapter l, we introduce the relative background on this paper and give some simple expressions of the work which have been studied. in chapter 2, in virtue of the notion of likelihood ratio the limit properties of the sequences of dependent nonnegative continuous random variables are studied, and a class of strong limit theorems represented by inequalities are obtained. the bounds given by these theorems depend on positive constant c. in chapter 3, by means of the notion of log likelihood ratio, a kind random strong deviation theorem are obtained, and the bounds given by these theorems depend on r ( )
第一章，介紹本論文的選題背景，對已有的工作進行扼要的介紹；第二章，利用似然比的概念研究相依連續型非負隨機變量序列的極限性質，得到一類強偏差定理，其偏差界依賴于正常數c ；第三章，利用對數似然比的概念得到一類隨機偏差定理，其偏差界依賴于r （ ） ，證明中引進了尾概率和尾概率的laplace變換的概念；第四章，利用對數似然比的概念，得到了一類關于任意連續型隨機變量序列的泛函的強偏差定理。 -
A piezoelectfic has been developed to detect hbsag in liquid. the contents of this thesis include as following : in chapter l, the
實驗結果為： spr法對hbsag的檢測限為0刀6 g inl ，而elisa法的檢測限為lug ttil ，這表明spr法對hbsag的檢出靈敏度明顯高於elisa法。 -
In the first part ( including chapter l ) it narrates the domestic and foreign study related and the cause of writing this paper. in the second part ( chapter 2 ) it sets up the model of the measurement of enterprise comprehensive strength and explain how to use it. in the last part it sets up the index systems and deducing methods of seven dimensionalities of the model
全文共分為三部分：第一部分為引論部分（第一章） ，對國內外相關研究進行了簡述，並闡述了本論文的選題背景及意義；第二部分（第二章）建立了企業綜合實力測度模型，並說明了模型的多種應用方法；最後一部分包括七章（第三、四、五、六、七、八、九章） ，各章分別建立了企業綜合實力測度模型七個評價維度的指標體系和測度方法。 -
The dissertation is based on the lots of correlative references and the author s practices and thinking. through the introduction of the produce and development of vest - pocket park, we wound have a clear outline of its conception, classification and design principle. in contact with the different space and examples, we can grasp the spirit of vest - pocket parks design. in the dissertatioathe author pays great attention to the analysis of different space spirits and context characteristics, making the designs of vest - pocket parks humaner. the major research work is showed as follows : in chapter l, the conception and background of vest - pocket parks, and its more effect development in america are studied. with the analysis of classic examples of west and east traditional environmenta full meaning of vest - pocket park is showed
本文在廣泛閱讀相關文獻、自身實踐和思考的基礎上，從袖珍公園的產生、發展入手，較為詳盡地介紹袖珍公園（ vest - pocketpark ）的概念、分類和設計原則，並結合不同的場所環境，通過若干實例闡述了袖珍公園的設計要領。尤其關注袖珍公園設計中不同的場所精神和文脈特徵的分析，使其具人性化。具體內容如下：第一章首先介紹了袖珍公園的概念、產生背景及其在美國較為成熟的發展，通過列舉東西方傳統景觀中的小環境典例，廓清了袖珍公園的廣義內涵。 -
Ih chapter 2, the selected mbl in chapter l was dellvered into ltheg human n ' pc cells wun liposome as a caner
第四章，根據人體肌動蛋白p actin基因的序列合成了分子信標並將其生物素化， 。 -
The second part namely chapter l : new theory of capital
第二部分即第一章：資本新論。 -
Chapter l the author mainly discusses the historical formation and the characteristics of japanese em
第一章，主要探討了日本企業人的歷史形成及其特徵。 -
In chapter l, some fundamental notations, which will be used in the article, and the backgrounds, are given
本文第一章給出了全文所涉及到的基本概念，並對文章的背景加以介紹。 -
Chapter l conducts an in - depth research into the connotation, characteristics, functions and the developments of the innovating stock market and its current establishment in china
在本章中，作者對創新證券市場的內涵與特徵、作用、發展概況以及我國創新證券市場的設立情況進行了深入、細致的探討。 -
The thesis initially anaiyzes the relative concepts and theories on international direct investment, chapter l ( introduction ) concisely introduces and reviews the general theories on transnational investment
論文從國際直接投資的相關概念辨析和理論分析入手，第一章（導論）介紹了本論文的選題背景、基本出發點與研究方法及內容結構。 -
These chips based on this design may be used for mobile communication, personal digital assistant, portable audios etc. in this thesis, developing situation and characteristic and basic application of operational amplifiers are introduced in chapter l
這些運算放大電路可望用於移動通訊，個人數字助理，便攜式音響系統，電池監測系統等產品中。第一章介紹了運算放大器的發展概況、特點以及基本應用。 -
In chapter l, we characterize various rings theoretic properties of formal triangular matrix rings. some results are obtained on these rings concerning properties such as being respectively right p. p, generalized right p. p. right semihereditary, minsym - metric ds semicommutative or reversible
第一部分討論了形式三角矩陣環的幾種環論性質，得到了與右p . p 、廣義右p . p 、右半遺傳、 minsymmetric 、 ds 、半交換和reversible這些環的性質相關的結論。 -
Chapter l is the general introduction to the financial structure. it distinguishes the definition of fmancial structure, the natur and economic funchons of debt. the good financial smicture can reduce the agency cost
《第一章：融資結構概論》首先辨別融資結構的概念，然後探討債務的本質和經濟功能以及企業債務融資的基本動機；融資結構的合理安排可以有效減少代理成本，最後探討融資結構變化的信息意義。
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