commercial rules 中文意思是什麼

commercial rules 解釋
商務規章
  • commercial : adj 1 貿易的，商業上的；營業性的。2 〈美國〉（能）大量生產的；營利（性質）的；面向市場的；〈美國...
  • rules : 安全法規
  1. Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law

    再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。
  2. By the impact of the special rules of network economics, such as metcalfe rule and positive feedback rule, dot - corns have appears the new forms of commercial mode and mode of growth, and had special source of value

    在網路經濟的特有規律，諸如梅特卡夫定理、邊際效用遞增和邊際成本遞減原理、正反饋原理等的作用下，網路公司表現出了全新的經營模式和成長模式，並產生了特有的價值形成和實現方式。
  3. The negotiable instruments system is a set of rules with certain rational for its design and performance to promote its function fully operated and ensure the commercial paper market develop healthly

    摘要票據制度是促進票據功能充分發揮、保證票據市場健康發展的一套規則，這套規則的設計和執行是有一定理論基礎的。
  4. To evaluate the algorithm, a data - mining trial system is designed which uses different algorithms to extract the decision rules in northwind database. by this trial system practical commercial rules can be obtained

    為了對演算法進行評價，論文還設計了一個用不同演算法對羅斯文商貿數據庫進行規則提取的試驗系統，利用該系統提取了非常實用的商業規則。
  5. Today, the most obvious characteristic of the unfair competition conducts in the network is the high frequency mainly because the lack of mature commercial rules and the lure of the gigantic benefits always lead to the popularity of unfair competition conducts in the network, breaching the ethics and the law

    網路中的不正當競爭問題因其具有不同以往的高技術性且難以被現有法律規制等特點，業已成為我國法律發展完善過程中急需解決的關鍵性問題。
  6. The four major reasons can be concluded as following, the first is the lack of individual credit system ; the second is the low reputation of individual credit ; the third reason is the huge enterprise operation risk caused by distemperedness of market rules ; and the fourth one is the low anti - risk ability of chinese commercial bank

    但是，由於我國個人信用制度的缺失、個人信用度低下、市場規則不健全導致的企業經營風險過大（尤其是房地產業）以及我國商業銀行本身抗風險能力不足等原因，使銀行在消費信貸業務上面臨著極大的風險。
  7. The content of this course are as followings : the concept of the commercial law, features of commercial law, basic principles of commercial, the players in commercial field, behaviors, registration system, trade name, accounting books, the overview of corporate law and corporation, the classification of corporation, the establishement of company, the capital system under compnay law, share and assets, shareholders and their rights, corporate governance, merger and acquisation, overview of bankruptcy law, ? substantive bankruptcy law, procedure ? bankruptcy law, overview of commercial paper law, the classification and the basic rules of commercial paper, overview security law, ? issue and sponsor system, listing and trade system, investment fund system, overview of issurance law, issurance contract, property issurance, life issurance, issurance industry, maritime law, vessel and stewages, transportation contract, leasing vessel contract, incidents and the liability system etc

    課程內容包括，商法的概念、特徵、基本原則、商主體、商行為、商事登記、商號、商事帳簿、公司與公司法概述、公司的分類、公司的設立、公司的資本制度、股份與股票、股東與股權、公司的治理結構、公司的合併與解散、破產法概述、破產程序法、破產實體法、票據法概述、匯票、本票、支票、證券法的基本問題、證券市場主體法律制度、證券發行與承銷法律制度、證券上市及交易法律制度、證券投資基金制度、保險法概述、保險合同、財產保險、人身保險、保險業、海商法概述、船舶和船員、海上運輸合同、船舶租用合同和海上拖航合同、船舶碰撞、海難救助、共同海損、海事賠償責任限制等部分。
  8. This paper has made a synthetic review about this legislation practice. it included five parts that the origin, legislation practice, primary legislature, legislator and executing agency, actual enforcement, characteristic and localization, influence and realistic meaning of commercial legislation of late qing dynasty. we can find a good many rules from this history such as rationality and inevitability of the appearance of commercial legislation of late qing dynasty, and complexity in the actual practice

    本文由源及流地從緣起、立法實踐、主要立法部門和立法者及其執法部門、實際執行和特點及局限、歷史影響及現實意義等五大方面對晚清的商事立法作綜合考察，探尋出這次立法中諸多的歷史規律性：商事立法在晚清出現的歷史合理性和必然性、商法具體實施的曲折性和復雜性。
  9. In addition to the built - in rules, spamassassin can access external databases, such as commercial blacklist services and the razor and dcc spam checksum databases

    除了了解諸如自動篩選之類的技術外， spamassassin還可以訪問諸如商業黑名單服務和razor及dcc垃圾郵件校驗和數據庫之類的外部數據庫。
  10. The legislation of large - value electronic funds transfer in our country should learn from uniform commercial code article 4a and uncitral model law on international credit transfers and clarify the legal status of system rules

    我國大額電子資金劃撥立法應該借鑒美國《統一商法典》第4a編和《國際貸記劃撥示範法》的做法，明確系統規則的法律地位。
  11. As of april 1, 1997, self - employed industrial and commercial households with a certain scale of operations and privately - operated enterprises taxed at regular intervals in fixed amount, enterprises leased and contracted by individuals for operations shall establish comprehensive accounting books pursuant to the uniform state accounting rules, and tax offices shall enforce tax collection on audit of accounts with respect to them

    從1997年4月1日起，達到一定經營規模的個體工商戶和按定期定額徵收稅款的私營企業、個人租賃承包經營的企業要按照國家統一的會計制度全面建帳，稅務機關應對他們實行查帳徵收。
  12. On the basis of the principal of traditional civil and commercial law, by the way of researching on the related legal systems of different countries and regions and relavant conventions and rules comparatively, using for reference of theories and ideas of the law and economics reasonably, this aticle clarifys the concept of international multimodal transport, making analysis of the legal status of multimodal transport operator, freight forwarder and terminal operator and the legal relationship between them and the cargo party. simultaneously, the paper mainly studies the liability regime of the multimodal transport operator and the uniformity thereof. finally, the paper designs the preliminary legal framework of the liability regime of multimldal transport operator of china and it is hoped to be beneficial to study and improve the liability regime of international multimodal transport operator

    本文從傳統民商法的基本原理出發，對世界各國和地區相關法律制度以及現有公約與規則採用比較分析的方法，同時合理借鑒法律經濟學的相關理論和觀點，對國際貨物多式聯運予以界定，對國際貨物多式聯運經營人與貨運代理人、港站經營人的法律地位，他們之間以及他們與貨物利益方之間的權利義務關系進行分析，並在此基礎上著重對貨物多式聯運的核心法律問題，即多式聯運經營人責任制度進行研究，並對國際貨物多式聯運經營人責任制度的統一進行探討，最後本文提出我國多式聯運經營人責任制度的初步法律框架，希望能對國際以及我國多式聯運經營人責任制度的研究和完善有所助益。
  13. Xingchen online not only has the responsibilities to guide the public opinion in internet, but also has the tasks to obey the business operating rules under market economy conditions as the commercial websites

    星辰在線不僅要擔負起引導網上輿論的作用，同時也要同商業性網站一樣，服從市場經濟環境下的商務運行規律。
  14. On the influence of electronic commercial affairs to the multinational income taxation rules

    電子商務對跨國所得征稅規則的沖擊及對策
  15. Q as on china s new rules on foreign - invested commercial enterprises

    關于放寬一車一司機制
  16. The fourth part is about the development and tactics on ec in pharmacy enterprises, it states the general rules and logical process on ec ; meanwhile, it also gave out the tactics on developing ec for pharmacy enterprises to do so. it includes, the choice tactics on ec mode, tactics on connecting with the internet, tactics on designing the web page, developing tactics on web sites of b2b commercial mode, choice tactics on methods to resolve ec, commercial tactics and internet advertisement on mid - small pharmacy enterprises, e - mail marketing, crm ( consumer relationship management ) and investigation in internet, etc. the fifth part is the conclusion

    闡述了我國醫藥企業開展電子商務活動的總原則和基本發展階段以及電子商務開展的一般邏輯步驟，同時給出了醫藥企業在電子商務開展過程中的策略，包括：電子商務的模式選擇策略，接入internet的策略，網頁設計策略， b2b醫藥商務模式的網站開發策略，電子商務解決方案的選擇策略，中小型醫藥企業的電子商務策略和網路廣告、 e - mail營銷、客戶關系管理及網路調查等醫藥企業網路營銷策略。
  17. Take these characteristics into account ; the franchising system should be adapted to a more specific context with a certain degree of flexibility. an understanding of the commercial culture in china is crucial. the franchiser choosing to tackle the vast china market may wish to take into account all the legal rules and regulations that must be complied with

    在本論文的寫作過程中，得到了對外經濟貿易大學朱明俠教授悉心的指導和幫助，朱教授的淵博學識尤其是她博大寬厚的人格風范使我受益匪淺，使我沉浸於學術的海洋，同時也使我的人生進入了一個較為厚重的境界。
  18. Society plays an important role in the forming of credit system, and thus we must try to change the moral atmosphere according to the goal of integrity - focused env ironment, that is, guided by the market rules, to emphasize the spirit of contract and actively develop credit agency institutions. the fourth part focus on the existing problem of industry and commercial offer some reasonable way of solving problem

    本文第四部分落腳點在承擔政府監管市場的綜合職能部門工商機關上，根據它的職能和在信用體系建設中己做工作的基礎上，找到現實存在的一些問題，並提出進一步發揮工商機關職能促進市場經濟信用體系建設的對策建議，
  19. Rolling bearings and commercial parts. inspection rules

    滾動軸承及其商品零件.檢驗規則
  20. In the chinese commitment on telecommunications service, joint venture that controlled by domestic investment is the only allowable commercial presence, so the gats telecommunication rules are not only the rules control the international trade in telecommunications services, but also the law environments regulate the domestic mobile operators

    我國入世開放電信市場的承諾中，電信運營只允許中方控股合資方式的商業存在，因此gats框架有關電信服務的規則不但是規范國際電信服務貿易的國際貿易法規，更大的意義在於它將成為監管國內（合資）運營商的國內電信法規環境。
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