copper reduction 中文意思是什麼

In this paper, pan based metal gradient composites films ( pmgcf ) were prepared by electrochemical reduction. the effect of polymer matrix on pmgcf and preparation and its forming mechanism of pmgcf were invested, they are as follows : lacrylonitrile - methyl - methacrylate copolymer, acryonitrile - itaconic acid copolymer, acrylonitrile - methyl methacry late - sodium allyl sulfonate terpolymer have been synthesized seperately in order to analyze the effects of the mma monomer unites and the hydrophilic unites of acryonitrile terpolymer on the process of copper deposition in polyacrylonitrile - based metal gradient composite film ( pmgcf ) as well as the flexibility of the film

其內容如下： 1通過合成的丙烯腈?甲基丙烯酸甲酯二元共聚物（ p （ an - mma ） ） ，丙烯腈?亞甲基丁二酸二元共聚物（ p （ an - ita ） ） ，丙烯腈-甲基丙烯酸甲酯?丙烯磺酸鈉三元共聚物（ p （ an - mma - as ） ）分別作為基體制備了聚合物基金屬梯度復合膜材料（ pmgcf ） ，以分析加入的mma基團和親水性基團對pmgcf沉積層中金屬銅的梯度分佈形態和膜的柔韌性的影響。

Having reacted with copper, paa becomes complex. the complex decomposes after heat treating and cause the increase in dielectric constant and reduction in dielectric breakdown strength. otherwise cu2o and cuo emerge from the complex, too

N與cu反應后，形成絡合物，熱處理時自身降解，擊穿強度降低，介電常數提高； cz在熱處理后從絡合物離解出來形成cllo和cuzo 。

By oxidation-reduction reaction, copper is cemented into the iron.

經氧化還原反應，銅滲入鐵中。

Effects of complex agent on the nanocrystalline copper powders prepared by reduction in acqueous solution

絡合劑對液相還原法制備納米銅粉的作用

A modified definition of polarization resistance calculated from the equivalent circuit of eis make its value dependent on the grain size. in anodic polarization test ( sweeing and stair - steps ), the maximum ( critical ) current density increases while the passivation potential and breakdown potential lowers with the reduction of the grain size. fegsem images showed the grain growth and pitting corrosion of the nc copper surface, uniform corrosion in the mc copper surface and the broken passivation layer in both surfaces

在陽極極化實驗（包括掃描法和臺階法）中，致鈍電流雖晶粒尺寸減小而增大，而致鈍電位和擊穿電位都隨著晶粒細化而降低。 fegsem照片發現了納米晶銅的晶粒長大和孔蝕，微米晶銅表面的均勻腐蝕，和兩種銅表面破碎的鈍化膜。

Standard test method for trace metallic impurities in electronic grade aluminum - copper, aluminum - silicon, and aluminum - copper - silicon alloys by high - mass - reduction glow discharge mass spectrometer

用高質量減少輝光放電質譜儀測量電子級鋁銅鋁硅和鋁銅硅中微量金屬雜質的標準試驗方法

The authour investigate the dosing conditions and effect of the pac to the huanghe water - source, which includes the following four parts : the selection of the pac ; the confirmation of dosing scheme and effect of the pac ; the research of application of potassium permanganate in combination with pac ; the research of the pac ' s modification and the modified effectiveness. the experiment is mainly carried out on the pilot system in the jieyuan water plan of tianjin. the results of the reseach include the following : l ) the pac from zunhua plant is selected as the better carbon for the source water of tianjin through the experiment ; 2 ) through the pilot experiment we conclude that the pac ' s best adding point is the mixing tank and the better dose is 10mg / l, on which the codmn of filtered water can be decreased to 40 % and the effluent have no problem of odour and color ; 3the adsorbing experiment show that pac mainly adsorb the organic matters which molecular wt., distribution between 500 and 3000, and can adsorb organic matters whose molecular wt., distribution are bigger than 6000 if the dose of it is adequent ; 4 ) pac together with potassium permanganate can remove the organic matter more effectively than each of them alone, and reduce the rising trend of turbidity of the flotation ' s effluent due to adding pac ; 5 ) the thesis made a research on the surface properties and the adsorbing capability of the modified carbon by oxidizer : the modified carbon with 20 % h2o2 can remove more organic pollutants than the untreated one by 12 % when we add a higher dose of coagulant ; 6 ) the modification of reduction and loading metal ions are also sttldied, and drow the following conclusions : the modified carbon with 5 % ammonia can enhance the organic matter ' s removal effectiveness by 10 % to the tianjin source water than the untreated one, and the modified one with loading metal ion remove the organic matters from the tianjin source water better ( 8 % ) than the untreated one due to the strong affinity betwween the humic acid and copper ion

本文的實驗主要是在天津芥園水廠的中試系統上完成的，論文的成果和結論主要包括： 1 ）通過靜態實驗選定河北遵化活性炭廠生產的煤質炭為適合天津原水的炭種； 2 ）中試實驗確定粉末活性炭的較佳投加點為混合池投加，較佳投加量為10mg l ，此時可使濾后水的cod _ （ mn ）降低40 ，且可較好地控制濾后水的嗅味和色度； 3 ）初步確定粉末活性炭對原水中有機物的吸附主要集中在分子量在500 - 3000范圍內，投量增大時可吸附部分分子量大於6000的有機物4 ）中試實驗表明：粉末活性炭與高錳酸鉀聯用可取得較兩者單獨應用時對有機物更好的去除效果，且對因投加粉末活性炭而造成的氣浮出水濁度升高有一定的改善作用； 5 ）研究並初步確定氧化改性對粉末活性炭表面性質和有機物的去除效果的影響：粉末活性炭的氧化改性會使其表面的酸性官能團大量增強，表面極性增加；經20的過氧化氫改性的活性炭在增大混凝劑投加量（ fecl _ 3投量為15mg l ）時對有機物的總體去除效果較原活性炭提高12 ， 1次氯酸鈉改性活性炭對有機物的去除效果較原活性炭提高6 ； 6 ）研究並初步確定還原改性、負載金屬離子對原水中有機物的去除效果的影響：經5氨水改性的活性炭可提高天津源水中有機物的去除率達到10 ；負載銅離子后的活性炭可提高對腐殖酸類物質的去除能力，一般可提高8左右。

In this article, the micromorphological structure of pva - copper gradient composite film ( mpgcf ) obtained from the electrochemical reduction of a swelling cathode films ( scfs ) was studied by the scaning electronic microscope and the relationship between the micromorphological structure of the composite film and the electrochemical conditions such as the weight ratio of pva to cuc12, the material of the electrode, the concentration of the medium solution, the dring time of scf, the power voltage, the time of the electochemical reaction etc, investigated

本文採用「溶液還原法」制備了一種新型的聚合物基金屬梯度復合材料（ mpgcf ） ? pva /銅梯度復合膜。通過掃描電子顯微鏡觀察了梯度復合膜的形態結構並研究了其形態結構與電化學條件之間的關系。然後在此基礎上，探討了梯度復合膜的形態結構與力學性能之間的關系。

The result showed that the interpenetration network structure between polymeric and deposited metal has been observed under a scanning electronic microscope and optical microscope. the experiments showed that copper deposition gradient distribution and crystal structure were greatly influenced by the the ph value of electrochemical reduction medium solution and the size, number and distributing of microporous in swelling cathode film

用掃描電鏡和體式顯微鏡對制備的pmgcf進行了分析，結果表明：制備的pmgcf樣品的金屬沉積層梯度分佈均勻，在一定的電化學條件下金屬銅和聚合物基體形成了互穿的立體網狀結構。

The process of copper metallizing of carbon powder was investigated. the hydrophilicity, sensitization, activation and reduction were also studied. the copper deposit could be made thicker by electromagnetic agitation

摘要研究了在碳粉表面電鍍銅的工藝。首先對碳粉表面進行親水、敏化、活化和還原處理，然後在其表面化學鍍銅，形成導電膜，再採用電磁攪拌的方法電鍍銅，使鍍層加厚。

Electroless copper depositing processess are controlled by the kinetics of formal dehyde oxidation reaction, which donate electron for the cathodic reduction of cupric ions

摘要化學鍍銅反應受甲醛氧化過程動力學控制，甲醛氧化為銅離子還原提供電子。

Taber covers the screwcap - related problems of reduction ( bad egg smells ) associated with screwcap liners and the possible downside of the copper fining used to avoid the smells

泰伯還談到了瓶蓋內襯墊引起氫化反應（有臭雞蛋氣味）的螺紋瓶蓋相關問題，以及用以消除這種氣味的銅凈化劑可能帶來的負面影響。

By oxidation - reduction reaction, copper is cemented into the iron

經氧化?還原反應，銅滲入鐵中。

Chemical analysis of copper containing not less than 99, 90 per cent copper. hydrogen reduction test and estimation of oxygen content

含量大於或等於99 . 9 %銅的化學分析.氫還原試驗和氧含量估算