earthquake damage 中文意思是什麼

Frame columns inset the filler - wall, avoided the influence that the comer of the room columns outstanding to indoorses view and take up the using space. at the same time, this structure has some advantages as the frame structure, such as arranging neatly, comparting easily etc., deeply welcoming by inhabitant and real estates company, is a building structure system that have the vast development foreground and satisfying the request of green building ". current, the reinforced concrete special - shaped columns structu re system lacks the actual measuring data of earthquake damage and the comprehensive aseismic performance of structure system, the structure system not yet is included in the national code, needing the thorough research

鋼筋混凝土異型柱結構體系，採用t形、 l形、十形截面柱代替傳統的矩形截面柱，以輕質材料製作的框架填充墻代替自重較大的粘土磚填充墻；框架柱隱于墻內，避免了屋角柱楞突出對室內觀瞻及佔用空間的影響，同時，又具有框架結構布置靈活、易於分隔的優點，深受住戶及房地產開發商的歡迎，是一種滿足「綠色建築」要求並具有廣闊發展前景的建築結構體系。

In this paper isoseismal map of this earthquake was drawn for these areas by sorting out and analyzing data systematically collected, furthermore, the characteristics of the earthquake damage were discussed

本文系統收集了該震有關資料，並通過整理分析勾畫出其烈度分佈，以探討該震的震害特點。

Earthquake damage and duration increased

地震破壞和持續時間提高了。

Standard for earthquake damage inspection in petrochemical enterprises

石油化工企業地震破壞檢查標準

Research on practical method for predicting earthquake damage to underground pipelines

地下管道震害預測實用方法的研究

Standard for grade classification of earthquake damage of petrochemical industrial equipments

石油化工設備地震破壞等級劃分標準

Advances on the research of earthquake damage criteria of concrete tall building structures

混凝土高層建築結構地震破壞準則研究現狀分析

The historical earthquake damage indicated that the destruction of buildings is the main destruction form in the earthquake in a city

歷史震害表明，建築物的破壞是城市地震災害中最主要的形式。

Model for fast assessment of earthquake damage and losses considering uncertainty of epicenters obtained from rapid determination of earthquake location

地震速報參數不確定性的應急災害損失快速評估模型

Accordingly earthquake damage prediction of existing rc structures is proposed to lay the foundation of loss evaluation

因此，研究在役結構在未來地震中的經濟損失和人員傷亡估計，對于減震防災更具實際意義。

The earthquake damage of highway system shows that the failure of retaining structures is sometimes one of the main causes of road damage and bridge collapse

公路工程的震害表明，擋土結構的地震破壞，往往是造成道路受損、橋梁破壞的主要原因之一。

The construction projects which may induce serious secondary disasters mentioned in this law refer to construction projects which may, as a result of earthquake damage, lead to flood, fire, explosion, leak of a large amount of hypertoxic or strong corrosive materials and other serious secondary disasters, including such projects as large dams, embankments, petroleum and gas tanks and the facilities storing inflammables or explosive substances, hypertoxic or strong corrosive materials and other construction projects which may induce serious secondary disasters

本法所稱可能發生嚴重次生災害的建設工程，是指受地震破壞后可能引發水災、火災、爆炸、劇毒或者強腐蝕性物質大量泄漏和其他嚴重次生災害的建設工程，包括水庫大壩、堤防和貯油、貯氣、貯存易燃易爆、劇毒或者強腐蝕性物質的設施以及其他可能發生嚴重次生災害的建設工程。

4 ) combining the scene simulation technology based pc with the simulation model for seismic damage illustration, the buildings earthquake damage illustration system ( embryo ) is estabished. we adopted a mixed - language programming model using visual basic, visual c + + and vba and provided good files management and powerfully database supporting. with the functions of vulnerability analysis, automatic documents processing and earthquake damage illustration, the software can be used for the seismic damage forecast and earthquake damage illustration for sevarel types of common buildings

4 ）利用基於pc的視景模擬技術，結合房屋震害的模擬模型，開發了房屋震害演示系統（雛形） 。該系統採用了visualbasic + vba + visualc + +的混合編程模型，具有完善的文件管理功能和強大的數據庫支持。該系統兼具易損性分析、自動文檔處理和震害特徵演示三項功能，既可以用於常見房屋的單體震害預測，亦可用於常見房屋單體震害特徵的直觀演示。

Present methods generally based on the statistics of earthquake damage, expert experiences, theory analysis and experimental researches have obvious advantages, disadvantages and certain scopes of application ; ( 2 ) different prediction methods should be adopted against different building conditions, sites, intensity and experiences etc to predict earthquake damage of buildings for prospective accuracy, dependability and availability ; ( 3 ) earthquake damage matrix, which is the foundation of earthquake damage prediction, of 7 kinds of building in the urban areas of zhangzhou city under intensity 6 to 9 has been set up. the damage conditions of different buildings under different intensity are as followings : all kinds of structures are basically intact under intensity 6 ; the reinforced concrete structures are basically intact under intensity 7, but other kinds of structures are destroyed slightly ; the reinforced concrete structures are still basically intact while other kinds of structures are destroyed intermediately under intensity 8 ; the reinforced concrete structures are destroyed slightly, single - story factories and open houses are destroyed intermediately and other kinds of structures are destroyed seriously under intensity 9 ; ( 4 ) the results of earthquake damage predicting of buildings embody the damage when earthquake happens in the future. thus, further identifications and reinforcements should be considered to buildings that will be destroyed intermediately or more under the earthquake with 10 % exceeding probability in future 50 years ; ( 5 ) the direct economic losses caused by damage of buildings resting with the area, structural type, intensity and damage of all kinds of buildings are the main part of the losses of the city in an earthquake ; ( 6 ) the direct economic losses increased progressively toward high intensity by 2 or 3 times

基於上述研究，得出的主要結論有：建築物震害預測是一個模糊的、系統的、復雜的問題，現有的方法很多一般都是以震害統計規律、專家經驗、理論分析和試驗研究為依據，有其自身的優缺點和一定的適用范圍；應針對不同的建築物條件、場地條件、地震強度和已有經驗等，採用不同的預測方法進行建築物震害預測，以使預測結果達到預期的精確性、可靠性和可操作性；建立了漳州市區7類建築物在6度9度地震作用下的震害矩陣，成為指導抗震防災的重要依據，各類結構的震害情況表現為： 6度地震作用下各類建築物基本完好； 7度地震作用下除鋼筋混凝土結構基本完好外其餘以建築輕微破壞為主； 8度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構仍以基本完好為主而其餘建築以中等破壞為主； 9度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構以輕微破壞為主，單層工業廠房和空曠房屋以中等破壞為主，其餘建築以嚴重破壞為主；建築物的震害預測結果體現了未來地震來臨時的震害程度，在編制漳州市區抗震防災規劃時，對于遭遇50年超越概率10的地震影響發生中等以上破壞的建築物應考慮進行抗震鑒定和加固；由建築物的破壞所造成的直接經濟損失是城市地震經濟損失的主要部分，重慶大學碩士學位論文中文摘要其主要與建築物總面積、結構類型、地震烈度和各類建築物的震害程度有關;不同烈度造成的直接經濟損失按2一3倍向高烈度方向遞增，漳州市區直接經濟損失由6度至9度的比例關系為1 : 2 . 8 : 8 . 6 : 22 . 8 ;遭遇基本地震設防烈度（ 7度）時，漳州市區直接經濟損失約4 . 5億元，無家可歸人員約40000人，且以磚木結構和多層磚混結構的震害損失最大;地震造成的人員傷亡主要與建築物倒塌及嚴重破壞的程度和總面積以及震時的建築物室內人數密切相關，地震時無家可歸人員主要與住宅倒塌、嚴重破壞及中等破壞的程度和總面積以及城市人均居住面積密切相關。

First, in view of the earthquake action for assessment of existing structures in re - service term, hysteretic model of corroded members is introduced to earthquake damage prediction based on reliability theory

為科學預測未來地震造成的破壞併合理估計其造成的損失，應該以在役結構為對象，這樣才符合地震時結構的實際情況。

On the basis of the characters of geological structure and the changes of time and space of historical earthquake, according to the indexes of li yulong ' s earthquake zone. the regionalization of earthquake damage in baoji city is put out, this is that there are two dangerous earthquake regions which line of longxian - qianyang - baoji urban and meeting region of qishan - fufeng - meixian, and one earthquake stable region

摘要根據寶雞市地質構造特徵與歷史地震的時空變化及李玉龍的地震帶的劃分標準，將寶雞市劃分為兩個危害性地震地區：隴縣千陽寶雞市區；岐山、扶風、眉縣交界地區與一個相對穩定區。

To combine it with the virtue of valuable earthquake damage experience accumulated in china and stored in damage matrix, an inversion strategy is designed to search seven ratios of 4 spectral displacements of buildings to the median values of spectral displacements of 4 damage states by the criteria of the convergence of the values of the standard deviations of the natural logarithm of the spectral displacements of four damage states as the objective function, a hybrid procedure integrated the simplex with the generic algorithm is adopted and the program is updated for this purpose from an existing one

為了說明本文方法的實用性，以xx市xxx區的多層砌體房屋為例，根據地震危險性、建築物易損性、建築物和室內財產損失率、人口死亡率，分別計算出房屋、室內財產的期望損失率和損失率的方差、人口的期望死亡率和死亡率的方差，得到純費率，設附加費率為純費率的一定比例，求得毛費率。

More than a decade later de boer met another of us ( hale ) at an archaeological site in portugal where hale, who is an archaeologist, sought de boer ' s geological opinion on the evidence for earthquake damage at an ancient roman villa

10多年後，狄波爾在葡萄牙的一個考古地點遇到考古學家赫爾（本文另一位作者） ，那時赫爾為了某個羅馬古宅受地震損壞的證據，向狄波爾請教地質學上的看法。

Are uncertain and should be regarded as random variables, therefore the reinforced concrete frame is stochastic structure inherently, and then its motive equations converted to combined random differential equations for the uncertain parameters and external random excitation. these equations were solved by order - orthogonal expansion method with pseudo - excitation method, and then the statistic stochastic responses of random structure were obtained. at last, based on the stochastic cumulative damage model with double parameters developed by park, formulas were formulated for calculating structural earthquake damage probability using the structural reliability theory ( mainly jc algorithm ) in extensive random space

首先對受地震激勵的剪切型鋼筋混凝土結構進行建模，用隨機等效線性化方法將二階非線性微分方程組化成一階線性微分方程組（或稱之為狀態方程） ；再考慮材料等參數的隨機性，則狀態方程成為復合隨機微分方程組，將擴階系統方法和虛擬激勵方法推廣並應用於這個復合隨機微分方程組，求出結構的隨機響應量的統計參數；最後採用隨機累積損傷破壞準則，在廣義隨機空間內，用jc演算法求解失效概率，進而求出結構的抗震可靠度。

As one content of the layout of earthquake - resistent and damage prevention of zhongzhou city, researches in damage prediction and correspond strategies of buildings have been carried through in two aspects as following : firstly, the domestic and aboard methods of damage prediction of buildings are compared and studied. the general methods, corresponding advantages and disadvantages as well as the scope of application for earthquake damage predicting of buildings are summarized. the main problems and solutions for earthquake damage predicting of buildings are submitted ; secondly, the current situations of buildings in the urban areas of zhangzhou city have been investigated

作為漳州市抗震防災規劃的內容之一，本文就建築物震害預測及防禦對策著重開展了兩方面的研究工作：一是對國內外建築物震害預測方法的分析對比，總結了建築物震害預測的一般方法、優缺點及其適用范圍，並提出了目前建築物震害預測存在的主要問題及解決措施；二是開展了漳州市區建築物現狀調查，闡述了漳州市區主要建築類型的震害預測方法和步驟，給出了震害預測的計算實例，完成了漳州市區建築物震害預測、地震經濟損失、無家可歸和傷亡人員的估計，指出漳州市區建築物抗震防災的薄弱環節，並提出了相應的防禦對策。