economies of scope 中文意思是什麼
economies of scope
解釋
范疇經濟-
In recent years, a growing number of banks in taiwan have considered using the mean of bank merger to obtain potential cost savings and scale or scope economies
摘要金融環境競爭日益激烈，金融機構多以合併來達到節省成本與提升營業綜效。 -
The second is that monopoly produces some positive effects : as static efficiency to say, there are four mechanisms, namely economies of scale, economies of scope, internalization of externalities and learning effect, which optimize the allocation of resources. monopoly advantages decrease of transaction cost. some extent monopoly has benefits to technology innovation and human capital accumulation
其次，壟斷具有正的效應：從靜態效率來看，壟斷存在四種優化資源配置的機制（規模經濟機制、范圍經濟機制、外部性內化機制和學習效應機制） ；壟斷有利於機會成本的降低，從而可以提高社會經濟活動的效率；從動態效率來看，一定程度的壟斷有利於技術進步和人力資本的積累，因而是動態有效的。 -
The main contributions of this dissertation are listed as the followings : l ) deducing and proving the " three in one " theory of natural monopoly, that is, from the angles of economies of scale, economies of scope and economies of network, giving an explanation of natural monopoly ; 2 ) putting forward the concept of " strict superadditivity " and proving that total value function and total revenue function of network economy have strict superadditivity ; 3 ) summarizing the emerging characteristics in the market definition of natural monopoly, that is, in the monopoly industry, " market " tends to be more and more smaller than " industry " ; 4 ) expounding that the objective patterns of regulatory reforms of the railway industry in china are explicit regulation with partly characteristics of implicit regulation ; 5 ) proving the idea that the structural reforms of the railway industry in china should be hierarchical ; 6 ) demonstrating the theoretical bases for whether infrastructure management should be separated from transpo rt operation ; 7 ) expounding and proving that the interior of the railway industry in china should implement the differential property rights reform pattern
本文的研究特點在於： （ 1 ）在規模經濟、范圍經濟的基礎上進一步推導並證明了網路經濟與自然壟斷的關系，即自然壟斷可以從規模經濟、范圍經濟、網路經濟三個角度來解釋論述； （ 2 ）明確提出了一個與鮑莫爾、潘澤與威利格等人提出的「成本劣加性」相類似的概念? ?價值優加性，並證明了網路經濟的總價值函數和總收益函數具有嚴格優加性； （ 3 ）概括了自然壟斷市場界定中所出現的新特徵，即在壟斷產業中， 「市場」正越來越小於「產業」 ； （ 4 ）進一步論證了中國鐵路產業規制創新的目標模式是兼有部分內生規制特點的外生規制； （ 5 ）在中國鐵路產業的結構改革中應體現分層次的思想； （ 6 ）明確論述了內容提要鐵路路網公司等自然壟斷環節是否分割的理論基礎; （ 7 ）提出並進一步證明了中國鐵路產業內部應實行差異化的產權改革模式。 -
We then discuss, from the perspective of economies of scale and economies of scope, the proper construction of the organizational and structural framework of a financial holding company and its subsidiaries to ensure that there is appropriate arrangement of the controlling - subsidiary relationship under the basic legal structure in respect of the size of business and the allocation of personnel in order to generate economic returns. the second chapter elaborates the financial holding companies and their subsidiaries, and seeks to provide possible solutions for challenges encountered. based on the author ’ s relevant experience in taiwan, this paper proposes a feasible arrangement of the organization and supervisory system for the board of directors, the supervisory board ( the board of corporate auditors ) and the management level, the underlying framework of which is mainly based on the regulatory structure of the us financial holding companies
第三章就監事責任及職權詳細研究，由於中國采大陸法系之立法，對監事責任之掌握較不具體，爰引述了英美受託義務（ fiduciaryduty ）之觀念進行分析，而就監事職權，相對的也是職責，則提出世界上較有表彰性的立法加以補充，希望可以填補其不足，最後比較監事會與獨立董事、審計委員會之各項功能，認為美國公司體制之董事會已漸將經營職能轉予首席執行官（ chiefexecutiveofficer ） ，而留下監督之職能，故可以審計委員會擔負監察職能之前置工作，而觀諸中國之社會經濟情勢，如徑予採行，將出現缺漏，故建議維持監事制度。 -
The traditional view ( e. g., manne, 1965 ; bradley et al., 1988 ) believes that mergers and acquisitions take place in order to maximize stockholder wealth, where acquisitions serve as a means to seize the efficiency gain potentially stemming from economies of scale and scope, managerial and financial synergies, superior management, tax deduction, geographical diversification and increased market share
傳動的觀點認為公司的合併和收購其發起目標是使股東財富最大化，即收購服務于從規模經濟中提高潛在效益，協同管理和財政，優化管理，減免稅收，地區性經營多樣化和提高市場份額。 -
Economies of scale and scope, sunk costs, barriers to entry and unbundled network elements
（經濟規模，沉沒成本，進入障礙以及非綁定網路元素. ） -
With the ocean petroleum company together established the chinese ocean asphalt company. this pulls to move the super - speed development of the petrochemical industry of the enterprise, and result of the united the tianjin petrochemical to pull to move the development of the chlorine - alkali chemical device with the development of the fine chemical device. the economic advantage of the enterprise " s scale is more obvious, this turn out of the own scope - economies, and big scale of scope economies among the enterprise again established
與中國海洋石油公司聯合成立了中海瀝青公司，拉動了企業石化行業的高速發展，與天津石化的聯合帶動了氯堿和精細化工，企業規模經濟的優勢更加明顯，同時也是跳出了自身范圍經濟的圈子，形成了企業之間的大規模的范圍經濟。 -
The world is shifting from economies of scale to economies of scope, with the development of information technology and telecom web, the sme ( small - medium enterprises ) are becoming the focus of national economy. so every country pays great attention to sme
世界正從規模經濟（ economiesofscale ）走向范疇經濟（ economiesofscope ） ，信息科技與電信網路的發展，已使個體能夠凝聚並發揮前所未有的力量（劉常勇， 1998 ） 。 -
Comparative advantages of universal banking include economies of scope and risk diversification ; comparative disadvantages include risk contagion and conflicts of interest
混業經營體制的比較成本優勢在於范圍經濟效應和風險分散效應，比較成本劣勢在於利益沖突和風險傳遞。 -
In contrast, few literatures focuses the type of vertical restraints imposed on manufacturers by retailers. however, in the past decade, due to the technology innovation, retailers in many industries have become bigger in size to utilize economies of scale and scope, with the industrial concentration enhanced, retailers, especially the chained store retailers, seem to acquire the buyer power when bargaining with manufacturers and the retailers with bargaining power tend to impose vertical restraints on upstream manufacturers. examples of these restraints include slotting fee, listing fee, upfront payment among which the slotting allowance has become the fuse to induce the conflicts between the upstream and downstream
伴隨著社會經濟進入后工業時代和零售業的日益集中趨勢的發展，以連鎖方式經營的少數零售商具有的買方勢力越來越強，這些具有買方勢力的零售商開始反過來限制零售商，在這些零售商施加的縱向限制中，零售商向製造商和供貨商收取諸如進場費、上架費、銷售返利等通道費用成為了引發製造商和零售商爭端的最主要的限制方式。 -
The major theories and concept frameworks on which the dissertation ' s analysis is founded are marx ' s synergetic work theory, chandler ' s theory of economies of scale and scope, alchian and demsetz ' s team production theory, bowles and gintis " short - side power model, grossman, hart and moore ' s modern property rights approach, raj an and zingales " access model, and modern economic behavior theory. the power relationship within the firm is an anomalous phenomenon in the walrasian paradigm
本文的主要理論來源和概念框架是馬克思的協作經濟理論，錢德勒的規模經濟和范圍經濟理論，阿爾奇安和德姆塞茨的團隊生產理論，鮑爾斯和吉恩蒂斯的短缺方權力理論，格魯斯曼、哈特和莫爾的現代產權理論，雷簡和津蓋爾斯的進入權理論，和現代經濟行為理論。 -
On the basis of firm theory, we argue that strategic alliance is a kind of contractual arrangements with certain structure. taking intermediate goods as basic elements of a firm, we argue that the objects both sides of strategic alliance exchange are intermediate goods. then we discuss deeply connotation, dimensions such as economies of complementarity, economies of specialization, transaction scope and so on, which provides the basis of our arguing the relationship between intermediate goods and contractual arrangements
我們以企業理論為理論基礎，認為戰略聯盟是一種契約安排，從而具有一定的結構;以中間產品為切入點，認為聯盟雙方真正交易的對象是中間產品;我們對中間產品的內涵以及中間產品的專業化經濟和互補經濟、中間產品的交易范圍等維度進行了深入討論，為我們論證中間產品與契約安排的關系奠定了基礎。 -
The present paper probes into three of these dimensions, namely, the enterprise - manufacturer, industry - trade and region - zone dimensions, arguing that spatial agglomeration is characterized by business growth and spatial expansion on the first dimension, with its functional mechanism embodied as internal economies of scale and scope ; by adjacency of enterprises on the second dimension, with its functional mechanism being external economies of scale and scope ; and by regional integration of the industry as a whole on the third dimension, with it functional mechanism being regional external economies of scale
文章從企業廠商、產業行業和區域地帶三個尺度研究了經濟活動空間集聚，認為在企業廠商尺度上，空間集聚特點是企業增長和空間擴張，作用機理是內部規模經濟和內部范圍經濟；在產業行業尺度上，空間集聚特點是企業的空間鄰近性，作用機理是外部規模經濟和外部范圍經濟；在區域地帶尺度上，空間集聚特點是產業的區域復合，作用機理是區域外部規模經濟。 -
Virtual operation can suit individualization demand of consumers to smooth the way for economy of scale and economies of scope, can promote function virtualization of enterprises to bring up competitive advantage, and can improve optimalization of organizational framework and intelligentization of management to reduce risk of multi - operation and to rebuild operation flow
也就是說，企業在有限的資源條件下，為了取得競爭的最大優勢，僅保留企業中最關鍵的功能，而將其它的功能虛擬化? ?通過各種方式藉助外力進行整合彌補，以使有限的資源得到最大效率的利用。 -
The arguments against the integration of the supervisory agencies are also strong : the profits gaining from economies of scale and scope can be lost in many aspects ; the internalization of the supervision conflicts can cause the deviation from the social optimum ; then through empirical study find that it seemed to be a trend to set up organ structure of integrated supervision
而對于金融監管組織結構，本文認為其不等同於金融監管體制。從內容來看，金融監管體制主要包括:金融監管理論體系、金融監管法律體系、金融監管組織結構、金融監管方法體系等，金融監管組織結構僅僅是金融監管體制的一個組成部份。 -
First is for the economies of scope or synergy effect
第一為利用范圍經濟或協同效果。 -
Economies of scope is an important tool in measuring the internal efficiency of higher education
摘要范圍經濟是刻畫高等教育內部效率的一個重要工具。 -
The economies of scope, complementarities, and network externalities of an institutional matrix make institutional change overwhelmingly incremental and path dependent
經濟的規模、補充和制度框架的外部性使得制度變遷完全是漸進的和路徑依賴的。 -
Such sectors as telecommunication, electricity, water supply and transportation are always regarded as an important domain of regulation, which is mainly attributed to their " economies of scale " and " economies of scope "
包括電信、電力、供水、交通在內的自然壟斷產業一向是各國政府規制的主要內容。這是由自然壟斷產業的經濟技術特徵? ?原來主要是規模經濟而現在主要是范圍經濟? ?所決定的。 -
On the basis of reviewing explanation of economic development by economic growth theories, welfare economics, sustainable development theories and new institution economics, it proposes a new angle to explain economic development with industrial clusters. it holds that knowledge capital, organizational capital and social capital based on industrial clusters are new endogenous factors of economic development. industrial clusters " specialization division leads to increasing returns, external scale economies and scope economies, and accelerates economic development
在回顧經濟增長理論、福利經濟學、可持續發展理論和新制度經濟學解釋經濟發展的基礎上，提出基於產業集群解釋經濟發展的新視角，認為基於產業集群的知識資本、組織資本和社會資本是經濟發展新內生要素，產業集群的專業化分工導致收益遞增、外部規模經濟和范圍經濟實現，從而推動經濟發展。
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