friction stress 中文意思是什麼
friction stress
解釋
摩擦應力-
Fist of all, on the basis of the research of agone boffins, this author investigates the interaction mechanism of bolts and rock, and introduces the elastic ? lastic analytical resolution which is consist of the liner structure, the equivalent reinforced wall rock and the original wall rock in the simple loading from the equivalent well - proportioned view ; this solution is very important meaning for the engineering design. on the basis of coulomb friction model, the author introduces the finite element equation of the contact problem in order to provide the academic foundation for the application of msc. marc. finally, combining the engineering practice of the non - linear analysis of shield tunnel through yellow river of the south - north water transfer and using the model of friction, the author researched the evolution law of stress and displacement field in the structure of grouted rock bolts, and analyzed the effect to the stress and deformation of surrounding rock mass due to anchor supports
首先，在前人研究成果的基礎上，對錨桿與圍巖的相互作用機理進行研究，利用全長錨固錨桿的中性點理論，從等效均化的角度來考慮錨桿對圍巖的加固作用，並推導了在簡單荷載作用下，含有襯砌、等效加固后的圍巖、原始圍巖三者的彈塑性解析解，對工程設計有著重要的參考意義；在數值模擬方面，以考慮錨固圍巖滿足規則化庫侖摩擦模型為基礎，利用虛功原理推導了接觸問題的有限元方程的計算格式，為開發運用大型商用有限元軟體msc . marc提供了理論根據，也形成了本文的理論基礎：最後，論文以南水北調東線穿黃隧洞穩定性分析項目為工程實例，利用本文所述的接觸問題的摩擦模型理論，對錨桿支護結構的應力場、位移場的變化規律進行了研究，分析了加錨支護對隧洞圍巖應力、變形的影響。 -
On this foundation the article inducts in detail the method which is based on the relative settlement of calculating unit area end support ( qb ) force at the same time considering the feature of pedestal pile ' s " arch effect " the article introduces conception of pile effective length and finally obtain t he formula of calculating man - made pipe with bulb - shaped axial carrying capacity. the article uses marc program to calculate and analyze foundation soil ' s stress and displacement and gets the change curve chart and the proportion that is shared by king - pipe side soil friction resistance and pipe end counterforce respectively. the article inducts the structure of pedestal in detail on the basis of generalizing pedestal application cases of many countries
在此基礎上論文詳細歸納了以相對沉降為依據確定單位面積端承力q _ b的計算方法，並考慮擴底樁的「拱效應」特點引入了有效樁長的概念，最後結合公路規范推出了比較實用的人工挖孔擴底樁軸向承載力計算公式。論文運用了marc程序對地基土的應力和位移進行了有限元數值計算分析，得到了地基土的應力和位移場的變化曲線和在加載過程中樁側土摩阻力和樁端反力各自所承擔的比例；本文還在總結各國挖孔擴底樁應用情況的基礎上就擴底樁的構造進行了詳細的歸納。 -
It could be used for simulating study in aeronautical weapon. there is a set of hold - range transfer mechanism and friction drive system in the equipment. it also used a set of hydraulic system to drive the equip in right position for multiple parameters detecting and made extrusion stress in limited range
在裝置中，採用了同步帶傳動機構及摩擦驅動裝置，並採用了液制系統進行驅動檢測參數要求的換位和摩擦輪的壓力調節，保證了檢測裝置的正確位置和摩擦輪接觸正壓力的有效工作范圍。 -
Our feet are vulnerable to repetitive mechanical stress and skin irritations due to tremendous daily usage. common foot problems common foot problems in elderly people include dry skin, calluses, corns, friction blisters, ingrown toenail, foot deformity, fungal infection and warts
足部問題的成因很多，局部的如皮膚感染和不合適的鞋襪，另外，如糖尿病並發的周邊血管毛病遺傳性的變形足等，都是重要的因素。 -
Taking the contact stress, bend stress stiffness and temperature stress as the condition, taking the weight of the kiln tyre as optimization aim function, the redia and the width of the tyre are optimized general optimize methods just consider the affecting of the parameters to aim function, but in fact, structural parameters ( such as structure dimension, interval and so on ), physics and dynamics ( damp factor, conduct factor, friction factor material ' s elastic module strength limits and so on ), which would be changed after used. the difference are called discrepancy robust design ' s basic concept is : all design parameters " discrepancy will affect the aim funct ion and arouse the quality target discrepancy
一般的優化方法，僅僅考慮了參數對其目標函數的影響，而實際情況下有些參數是變化的，產品的結構參數（如幾何尺寸、間隙等） 、物理和力學參數如阻尼系數、傳導系數、磨擦系數、材料的彈性模量和強度極限等的設計值與製造后和使用中的實際值會有差異，這種差異稱為設計變量和噪聲因素的變差。 -
Friction and cohesion are best defined in terms of the plot of shear stress versus normal stress given in figure 9.
摩擦角和粘結力最好是根據圖9中剪切應力和法向應力的關系曲線確定。 -
Skin friction stress
表面摩擦應力 -
The results show that the internal friction angle of rock has importance affect on the displacement of surrounding rock for deep roadway when in - situ stress and support resistance all are certain
分析結果表明，在地應力和支護阻力一定時，巖石的內摩擦角對深埋巷道圍巖位移的影響最為明顯。 -
Then the judging method is proposed, and the proposed method can consider the stress history and viscosity shear strength of soft soil. in this paper, a fem program dpfbm1. 0 ( double plastic foundation beam method ( version 1. 0 ) ) is established. with this program, the influence of some parameters on foundation excavation is fully studied, the parameters include : compression modulus, cohesive strength, angle of internal ficiction, effective angle of internal friction, the embedded length of the wall and building load
針對當前國內外彈性地基梁法存在的缺陷，基於對軟土流變性的研究，採取了剪應力判斷彈塑性狀態，以改進和完善基坑工程彈性地基梁法，推導了彈性狀態下地基反力系數的近似解，提出了採用剪應力組合判斷土彈簧彈塑性狀態的方法，編制了相應的彈塑性共同變形法分析程序dpfbm1 . 0 （ doubleplasticfoundationbeammethod （ version1 . 0 ） ） ，並採用該程序分析了壓縮模量、粘聚力、內摩擦角等參數變化對基坑工程的影響。 -
Secondly, the static stress and strain characteristic of polymer - geogrid reinforced earth is summarized, the pulling stress distributing of the reinforced material in the earth walls, the interface characteristeric between the reinforced material and earth and the friction stress distributing between the reinforced material and earth are analysed
然後，總結了塑料土工格柵加筋土靜應力應變特性的一般理論，分析了塑料土工格柵筋材在擋墻中的拉應力分佈和塑料土工格柵與土的界面特性以及筋土間摩擦應力的分佈。 -
Compared the results of fea and the data of experiment, we can analyse that the distributing of the seismic stress of polymer - geogrid reinforced material is similar to that of the static stress, but the stress values of them is different ; the seismic similar friction coefficient between the earth and reinforced material fall with the increasing of earthquake acceleration, model acceleration respond along the height of the model, etc. thirdly, according to the comparison and analysis of the model seismic fea results and model experiment data, we can find the polymer - geogrid reinforced earth seismic fea is reasonable, which is composed by earth element, contact element and reinforced material element
通過對比有限元計算結果和試驗數據，分析得出塑料土工格柵筋材的最大動拉應力的分佈與靜拉應力的分佈沿筋材的埋深大致相同，只是應力的值大小不同；地震作用下土筋間的動似摩擦系數是隨地震加速度的增加而減小；模型沿墻高方向的加速度響應等。接著，根據模型動力有限元時程分析結果和模型試驗數據的比較分析，得出由土體單元、接觸單元和筋材單元組合的塑料土工格柵加筋土非線性動力有限元分析模式的合理性。 -
In this paper, a numerical simulation is conducted, which is based on the test data of the model experiment of sloping ground with the help of the marc program. when the bearing capacity characters of level ground and the foundations adjacent to or above slopes are analyzed, the effect is considered, which includes deformation moduli, density, poisson ratio, angle of internal friction, stress - strain relationship, slope angle, relative distance from the edge of slopes and relative depth of footings
本文利用斜坡地基模型試驗的試驗數據，用marc軟體進行了斜坡地基模型試驗的數值模擬，分析了平地地基、臨坡地基和斜坡地基的承載力特性，研究了變形模量、容重、泊松比、內摩擦角、應力應變特性、斜坡坡度、基礎的相對坡頂距及其相對埋深等因素對斜坡地基承載力性能的影響。 -
Here, fem is applied in the analyses of i ) fiber axial stress and interphase shear stress in fragmentation tests during initially applied strain, ii ) influence of temperature on the stress transfer across the interface, iii ) modulus and thickness of the interphase and their influence on interfacial stress transfer, iv ) interfacial debonding process, and v ) fragment aspect ratio, contact friction along the interface and their influences to the interfacial stress transfer efficiency
在論文的這部分工作中，使用有限元法描述和分析了逐節斷裂試驗中初始應變下的纖維軸向應力和界面相剪切應力，溫度對界面應力傳遞的影響，界面相模量和厚度、纖維節長寬比、界面脫粘過程、界面接觸中的摩擦效應等因素對逐節斷裂試驗中應力傳遞的影響。 -
Rate and state dependent friction law with variable normal stress is employed in the analyses
摩擦採用了速率及狀態依賴性本構關系，並考慮了正應力變化的影響。 -
Friction stir welding process can improve mechanical properties as well as decrease distortion and residual stress
採用攪拌摩擦焊連接鎂合金可以避免熔焊時產生的焊接缺陷，且具有焊后變形小、殘余應力小等優點。 -
Today, cast - in - situ piles are more widely used in deep foundation engineering because of their many advantages, such as better adaptability to various ground condition, providing enormous bearing capacity by a single pile and smaller dosage of reinforcing steel bar. but, their own disadvantages, such as sediment under tip, clay slurry around pile, friction and tip resistance disagreement and initial ground stress freeing, limited their bearing capacity, lowered the utilization ratio of material and increased the settlement
灌注樁，因其對地層適應性強、能提供較大的單樁承載力、鋼筋用量少等優點，在目前深基礎工程中得到了極為廣泛的應用。但是，灌注樁的固有缺陷，諸如孔底虛土；孔壁泥漿；端阻、側阻發揮不同步；鉆孔后原地應力釋放等，限制了其承載力的發揮，使得材料利用率不高，沉降較大。 -
Based on the results of vertical static loading test and stress test for longhole bored pile in loess foundation, by analysing the transferring law of axial force and the action of lateral friction resistance and bottom resistance, the paper discusses the influences of two types of holing technology on bearing capacity behavior
本文通過黃土地基中旋挖鉆孔灌注長樁和泥漿護壁鉆孔灌注長樁靜載荷試驗和樁身應力的測試，分析了黃土地基中兩種成孔工藝鉆孔灌注長樁樁身軸力的傳遞規律、樁側阻力及樁端阻力的發揮性狀，探討了兩種成孔工藝對鉆孔灌注長樁承載力的影響。 -
The retaining wall reclining on the slight slope built on soft foundation is usually used in protecting the shore of river, the contradiction between the lack of impartiality in stress of the base and the small stress allowed by the foundation as well as the lack of stabilization of the breast wall is a hard nut to crack in the engineering. in the paper, a tenon - base is added under the base of the retaining wall, on the study of the choice of the parameters and formulas used in calculation and the research of theory used in calculation, method used to deal with the load, etc, the writer gives a way to crack the nut mentioned above paragraphs and presents a qualitative and quantitative analysis about them, such as the equivalent inner friction - angle ( d ) and the passive press of the clay ( ep ), etc. in the end of the paper, using modern optimization method, a design of the retaining wall reclining on the slight slope built on soft foundation is done, the result is economical, and accords with the fact
軟基上的仰斜式擋土墻在水利工程河道護岸中經常遇到，仰斜式擋土墻基底偏心應力較大和軟基土地基容許承載力偏小的矛盾以及擋土墻抗滑穩定不足是工程中難以解決的難題。本文在對仰斜式擋土墻設計中有關計算參數的選擇、公式的選用應該注意的問題進行了研究，對河道護岸軟基礎上的仰斜式擋土墻採用凸榫基礎處理的方法，就其計算理論、設計驗算中各荷載的具體處理方法進行了較為細致的研究，提出了解決軟基礎上的水工仰斜式擋土墻難以解決的難題的方法，並對有水情況下粘土等效內摩擦角_ d 、凸榫被動土壓力e _ p等在計算中的取值提出了定性和定量的分析。最後利用現代優化方法對軟基礎上的水工仰斜式擋土墻進行了結構優化設計，得出了符合實際的結果，與其它重力式擋土墻形式進行比較，取得了明顯的經濟效益。 -
Considering the engineering of trail pile in hubei jingzhou yangtze river highway bridge, the construction process of deep cast - in - place pile under pebble geological structure, the limit load - bearing capacity of single pile, side friction stress and head drag are researched in this thesis deeply
論文結合湖北省荊州長江公路大橋的試驗樁工程，深入研究了江漢平原地區卵石地基深鉆孔灌注樁的施工工藝、單樁極限承載能力、樁側摩阻力和端阻力。 -
This paper studied friction stress distributed in processes of punch bulging, and deduced theory formula, the phenomenon about asymmetric reformation in processes of punch bulging is explained with the formula
摘要從理論上研究了球形凸模脹形過程中正應力和摩擦應力沿子午面（ ）方向的分佈狀況，進行了理論推導，根據推導結果對凸模脹形過程中出現的變形不均現象做出了解釋。
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