friction velocity 中文意思是什麼
friction velocity
解釋
壁剪切速度又稱「摩擦速度」-
Based on the ostwald - de waele equation, the leakage characteristics of power - law transmitted by helical gear pump are researched, and the leakage model of power - law in the clearence is founded, and - the velocity distributing and the leakage capacity are worked out by the boundary condition. the power loss of leakage is got through the clearence leakage capacity, and the friction power loss is attained by the velocity distributing. the mathematic calculation model
利用冪律流體本構方程，首次對聚合物流體在斜齒齒輪泵中的漏流特性進行了研究，建立冪律流體在間隙中的泄漏模型，利用邊界條件求出速度分佈及泄漏量；由間隙泄漏量得到漏流損失功率，由速度分佈得到流體摩擦功率損失，並得到間隙最優解的數值計算數學模型，同時給出實例及數值計算結果。 -
Aerostatic bearings have been applied widely on the ultra - precision in the aviation, aerospace and the main axes and the slide of the precision measuring instrument and inertial measuring apparatus because of high rotation accuracy, calm operation, low friction and long life - span etc. they can also be used in fields range from both high and low temperature to both high and low velocity, sometime even to environment full of radioelement
氣體靜壓軸承回轉精度高、運轉平穩、摩擦小、使用壽命長，可以在極高和極低的溫度、超低到超高的速度下，以及輻射環境中工作，因此在航空、航天領域以及精密測量和慣性測試設備上得到廣泛應用。 -
The solution presents representative profiles for the dimensionless velocity and the skin friction coefficient at different permeability and injection parameters
給出了量綱為一的速度分佈以及在不同滲透參數情況下壁摩擦系數的變化。 -
Based on extensive investigation of construction technique history of chinese ancient buildings, the structure method, structure developing history and seismic behavior of chinese ancient timber structure buildings are analyzed in several respects of the structural system and form. through a series of experiments on constituent parts of chinese ancient timber building structure, including the tests on the corbels and brackets called dougong subjected to low cyclic reversed loadings, the tests on the wooden frame using the tenon - mortise joints as connections of column and beam subjected to low cyclic reversed loadings, the tests on vibration isolation effect of friction and slippage between column footing and their socle base, and a series of shaking table tests on a chinese ancient timber structure palace building mode under artificial earthquake at serving conditions, destroyed conditions and reinforced conditions, many valuable results of structures such as moment - curvature hysteretic loops of dougong structure and tenon - mortise joints under low cyckc reversed loadings, the static function, the seismic performance, energy dissipation, vibration reduction, energy - loss mechanism, nechanicalmode and failure mode were studied. aplenty of valuable parameters of the structure system were obtained, such as the natural period of structure, vibration modes, damping ratio, factor of vibration isolation, oscillate amplitude of ineitial accebration, velocity and displacement, magnitude of slippage, and the mechanism of structure failure and collapse etc. based on these research, the complete analysis of ancient timber structure under earthquake were carried out in which including mechanism analysis method, calculating mode, strength analysis of members and joints, strengthening methods for serving damaged ancient timber structure buildings were also taken into account
依照宋代《營造法式》建造了抬梁式殿堂木結構構件及結構模型，對中國古代木結構中的典型構造如：柱腳在礎石頂面平擱簡支、柱架榫卯連接、柱高不越間之廣、側腳、生起、斗拱等的構造機理及結構功能進行了量化分析和實驗研究： （一）通過木柱石礎靜摩擦試驗，測定了柱腳與石礎古鏡面間的摩擦系數及摩擦力隨上部結構荷載變化的規律； （二）通過單柱承載力試驗，測定了古建築中木柱的受力變形特徵、破壞模式、及模型材料的變形模量、極限承載力、極限變形等參量； （三）通過柱架低周反復荷載試驗，測定了柱架的抗側移剛度、柱架恢復力特性及滯回曲線、榫卯張角剛度及其變化規律、柱架及榫卯的極限承載力和極限變形、及榫卯減振參數； （四）通過斗?低周反復荷載試驗和受壓試驗，測定了古建築木構件與木構件間摩擦系數，斗?抗側移剛度，斗?恢復力特性及滯回曲線，斗?抗壓極限承載力及受力變形規律； （五）通過抬梁式殿堂間架模型振動臺試驗，測定了殿堂木構架結構自振周期，地震反應振形、阻尼特性及阻尼比；按結構分層特點對柱腳、柱頭和斗?層上的屋蓋的地震反應採用多點同步測量，對柱根滑移、榫卯變形、斗?的變形、復位、耗能減振參數等進行了定量分析。 -
According to the elaborate analysis on friction at home and abroad, a dynamic friction compensation method is proposed to compensate the system ’ s friction force at low velocity. a dynamic friction model is build and a friction observer is designed for ordinary position servo system
在對國內外研究現狀進行深入分析的基礎上，提出了系統低速運行時摩擦力的動態補償方法，並針對常見的電液位置伺服系統建立摩擦模型、設計摩擦觀測器。 -
The effect of the friction condition including the load and the sliding velocity on the wear of the composites was studied under water - lubricated condition and dry condition
本文還討論了在水潤滑與干摩擦條件下，載荷與滑動速率對納米復合材料摩擦磨損性能的影響。 -
Moreover, based on the assumption that the slip velocity at the disks increases linearly with the radius up to the rim slip velocity, another pressure distribution is derived by introducing a appropriate velocity field. then these different results by the different friction conditions and technique are compared. 2
同時，在圓盤邊緣處滑移速度一定，介質的滑移速度隨著半徑線性變化的假設下，引入合理的速度場，得到了另一種圓盤上的壓力分佈規律，並對不同的摩擦條件及用不同方法計算得到的結果進行了對比。 -
The blade inner channel cooling is a complex convection - conduction coupling problem. this thesis build a three - dimension. compressible turbulence model, and give a general solve method. with the geometrical model of the glossily rectangle straight channel, the rectangle straight channel with in - line arrays disturb plates, the rectangle straight channel with staggered arrays disturb plates, the rectangle straight channel with slant disturb plates, this thesis compute the flow and heat transfer condition when the cold air path though these channels, and gain the temperature field, pressure field, velocity filed, in addition. this thesis also analyze the influence of the different channel height, the different channel materials, the different channels, and gain the function relation between he nusselt number, friction factor and reynolds number. this thesis is emphasis on the new heat transfer enhancement structure, that is, disturb plates, with the comparison with the glossily channel and channel with pin fins, the heat transfer enhancement effect of the former is better, and the conclusion can be used in the design of aircraft blade
葉片內部通道冷卻是一個復雜的對流?導熱耦合傳熱問題，本文在分析葉片內部通道冷卻的流動與傳熱情況的基礎上，建立了三維、可壓縮紊流的物理模型，得到了通用的求解辦法；利用不帶擾流片的矩形直通道、帶順排擾流片矩形直通道、帶叉排擾流片、帶傾斜擾流片的矩形直通道的幾何模型，計算了冷卻空氣通過這幾種通道時的流動與換熱情況，得到了各種不同情況下計算區域的溫度場、壓力場、速度場；在此基礎上分析了不同的通道高度、不同的葉片通道材質對葉片內部通道冷卻的影響，並整理得到了各種通道形式下，努謝爾數和阻力因子與雷諾數的函數關系；本文重點研究了新型的葉片內部通道冷卻強化傳熱措施?帶擾流片的內部冷卻通道的強化傳熱效果，通過與光滑矩形直通道、帶針肋通道的冷卻效果的比較，表明了這種新型鮚構的優勢，對于葉片內部通道冷卻結構的設計可以起到指導的作用。 -
The method is described as follows : the velocity of the moving part and the gas chamber pressure were measured with a dynamic test measurement system ; a dynamic model was built on force analysis of the moving part ; the total kinetic resistance replaced the horizontal friction and water resistance ; then the resistance - velocity relation curves at moving stages were obtained ; with the empirical formula of the gas chamber pressure and the resistance - velocity relation curves, the preliminary dynamic characteristics were analyzed and the structural form and key parameters of an underwater assault rifle were determined
具體方法為：由動力學測量系統測得活動件速度和氣室壓力；分析活動件的受力，建立動力學模型；以運動總阻力代替水平方向上的摩擦阻力和水阻力，獲得各運動階段的阻力速度關系曲線；利用氣室壓力經驗公式和阻力速度關系曲線，對水下突擊步槍進行初步的動力學分析，確定其構造型式及主要參數。 -
Based on the review, the fluid flow and heat transfer in the curved circular and rectangular pipes have been researched by employing perturbation method and numerical simulation with a physical model under the rotational orthogonal curvilinear coordinate in a rotating curvilinear pipe with multi - parameters. we firstly analyzed the fully developed fluid flow and heat transfer, mixed convection heat transfer, the development of flow and heat transfer in the inlet in different cross section ( circular, elliptical, annular and rectangular crossection ). the variations of the secondary flow, axial velocity, distribution of temperature, the friction force on the wall, the ratio of friction factor as well as the nusselt number with different dimensionless parameters had been examined in detailed
本文在總結和分析了一個世紀以來有關曲線管道流動和換熱特性的研究成果的基礎上，以旋轉正交曲線坐標系統下的多參數旋轉螺旋管道中的對流傳熱為物理模型，通過攝動方法和有限體積法，首次對各種截面（圓截面、橢圓截面、環形截面、矩形截面）旋轉曲線管道內充分發展流動的流動結構和傳熱特性（包括耦合對流傳熱特性）以及旋轉曲線管道開口段發展流動的流動結構和換熱特性進行了系統的數值模擬和理論分析，詳細討論了各種無量綱參數對管道內軸向速度分佈、二次流結構、溫度分佈、壁面摩擦力、摩擦系數比以及管道nusselt數的影響，獲得了若干創新性成果。 -
On the base of milling ball interaction during milling process, the powder height of each collision can be calculated. if the impact of milling ball takes as hertz elastic collision, the maximum real strain and the maximum tangential strain are obtained as follows, e, . , ln [ h, / ( h0 ? vrcos6 / 2 ) ] = vrsin6 / h0 ? / q, t2rt2 / 2om ~ h, j where s, p, v are maximum real strain, the maximum tangential strain, friction coefficient and the velocity of milling ball
對球磨過程中磨球相互作用作了一些假設后，可以計算出每次碰撞所獲得粉末體高度值；將磨球的碰撞作為hertz彈性碰撞，碰撞時的速度分解為法向速度和切向速度得出粉末的最大真應變和最大切應變為湖南大學材料物理與化學專業碩士論文r 。 -
Acceleration, for instance, will be offset by air resistance and rolling friction, instead of a " max velocity. " robots crashing into the side of another robot will push it sideways, based on laws of friction and a semi - elastic collision
例如，加速度將會被空氣阻力和滾動摩擦力抵消一部分，而不只受到「最大速率」的限制。根據摩擦力和半彈性碰撞原理，機器人撞到另一個機器人的一側時會把它推到一邊去。 -
Chapter two constructed the mathematical model of robot and its environment solved by the fem analysis. the functions or relations between the robotic parameters and its drive forces, thickness or its velocities were given, and also the functions or relations between the environment and the robot force, friction, robot velocity, minimum thickness of film or sustain force of dynamic films were given
論文第二章通過建立機器人和環境的數學模型，利用有限元方法求解其中的n - s方程，得出管道中微型機器人的各種設計參數與機器人的驅動力、形成的最小潤滑油膜厚度和機器人的運行速度之間的關系曲線，研究了管道環境與機器人驅動力、摩擦阻力矩、機器人運行速度、形成的最小潤滑油膜厚度、油膜的承載能力之間的關系。 -
Result of numerical simulation shows that the grads of continuous phase " s velocities decreases with the presence of microbubble of which the diameter is 100 / / w, the profiles of air volume fraction in the boundary layers is similar to triangle or echelon, affected by interaction among the particle, there is a saturated air fraction, within the scope of saturated air fraction, increasing the air injection ratio can accrete the friction reduction ratio, under the condition of same air injection ratio, the free - steam velocity is larger, the effect of friction reduction is worse
計算結果表明，直徑為100 m的微氣泡能減小近壁面連續相的速度梯度；微氣泡在邊界層中的濃度分佈近似為三角形或梯形分佈；受粒子間相互作用的影響，存在一飽和濃度；減阻率隨噴氣量的增大而增大，直至飽和噴氣量，此後，增大噴氣量，壁面摩擦阻力變化不大；相同噴氣量下，來流速度越大，減阻率越低。 -
( 6 ) as dean number is increased, the secondary flow firstly becomes symmetry and then the anticlockwise vortexes are enlarged, the contours of axial velocity and the stream function become symmetry, the secondary flow is intensified and the friction factor ratio increases
（ 6 ）增大dean數，二次流先趨于對稱而後逆時針方向的二次渦增大，軸向速度和流函數等值線趨向于對稱，摩擦系數比增大。 -
By imposing the displacement of reciprocating sliding, an influence of the friction - velocity slope on squeal generation is tested
通過改變往復滑動位移，試驗了摩擦力-相對滑動速度負斜率對摩擦噪聲形成的影響。 -
The result shows that a negative friction - velocity slope can not always cause squeal. it is often observed that the squeal can also occur in the area with a positive friction - velocity slope
試驗發現，摩擦噪聲既可以在摩擦力-相對滑動速度負斜率的區域發生，也可以在正的摩擦力-相對滑動速度斜率的區域發生。 -
This phenomenon shows that stick - slip motion and negative friction - velocity slope are not responsible for the present squeal. it is because these two generation mechanisms of squeal only govern the tangential vibrations
這個現象否定摩擦噪聲發生的兩個機理：粘著-滑動機理和摩擦力-相對滑動速度負斜率機理，因為這兩個機理描述的是切向發生的摩擦振動。 -
Based on the measured data, the change of the friction velocity of turbulent flow and the characteristics of the wall shear stress under different sudden roughnesses and different water depths are analyzed herein
通過實測資料分析不同糙率突變和不同水深的紊流摩阻流速變化情況和水流的壁面切應力的特點。 -
Based on the measured data of the north - trough and south - trough in the yangtze river estuary, the vertical distribution of the suspended sediment concentration in the yangtze river estuary is simulated by using a one dimensional numerical model of the suspended sediment, and the friction velocity and close - to - bed suspended sediment concentration are briefly analyzed
摘要根據長江口北槽和南槽實測的水沙資料，利用垂向一維懸沙數學模型模擬了長江口懸沙含量及其分佈，並對摩阻流速和臨底懸沙含量進行了簡要分析。
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