general probability 中文意思是什麼

general probability 解釋
一般概率
  • general : adj （opp special）1 一般的，綜合的，通用的。2 普通的，廣泛的，通常的。3 全體的，總的；全面的，普...
  • probability : n 1 或有；或然性。2 【哲學】蓋然性〈在 certainly 和 doubt 或 posibility 之間〉。3 【數學】幾率，...
  1. In the nineteenth century, pierre simon, marquis de laplace unified all these early ideas and compiled the first general theory of probability.

    十九世紀，P西蒙，M拉普拉斯統一了這些早期思想，首先建立了概率的基本理論。
  2. Theoretical expatiate on general concepts and fundamental principles of information hiding and steganography, also point out possible directions for further research, also analysis the probability of speech as the host carry signal and efficient masking characteristics of psycho - acoustic model, it is shown that : there is an improvement on imperceptibility according to human auditory masking effect

    闡述了信息隱藏技術和隱寫技術的重要概念、基本理論以及廣闊的應用前景。分析了將語音信號作為宿主載體信號的可行性，參考心理聲學模型的特性，得出結論:基於人耳聽覺掩蔽效應的隱寫演算法，在隱蔽性上有很大的提高。
  3. In this dissertation, we firstly prove that any dirichlet problem is indeed equal to a voltages problem of networks. we give five solutions to dirichlet problem in two dimensions ; among these five solutions, we prove that the iteration solution and the solution of relaxations are exponential convergence, then we estimate their respective convergence rates ; secondly, we discuss random walks on general networks, prove that there is an one to one correspondence between networks and reversible ergodic markov chains ; thirdly, we give probabilistic interpretation of voltages for general networks : when a unit voltage is applied between a and b, making va = 1 and vb = 0, the voltage vx at any point x represents the probability that a walker starting from x will return to a before reaching b ; furthermore, we study the relationship between effective resistance and escape probability : starting at a, the probability that the walk reaches b before returning to a is the ratio of the effective conductance and the total conductance

    本文證明了任何邊值的dirichlet問題都可轉化為求解電路電壓的問題：給出了計算平面格點上dirichlet問題的5種方法：證明了迭代法和松馳法都是指數收斂的，並分別給出收斂速度的估計；討論了一般電路上的隨機徘徊，驗證了電路與可逆的遍歷markov鏈是一一對應的；給出了電路電壓的概率解釋：當把1伏電壓加於a ， b兩端，使得v _ a = 1 ， v _ b = 0時，則x點的電壓v _ x表示對應的markov鏈中，從x出發，到達b之前到達a的概率；進一步地，給出了逃離概率與有效電阻之間的關系：從a出發，在到達b之前到達a的概率為有效傳導率與通過a的總傳導率之比。
  4. In addition, for general erlang ( n ) risk model, an integro - diifcrontial equation for the probability of ultimate ruin are presented : dickson arid hipp ( 2001 ) consider the erlang ( 2 ) risk model, and introduce the expectation of the discounted penalty h ' ( u ) which determines the joint and the marginal distribution of the time to ruin ( t ), the surplus prior to ruin ( u ( t - ) } and the deficit at ruin ( | u ( t ) | )

    Dicksonandhipp （ 2001 ）同樣考慮了erlang （ 2 ）這種風險模型，並介紹了破產時的罰金折現期望w （ u ）這一概念。由罰金折現期望可得到破產時刻（ t ） ，破產前的瞬間盈餘（ u （ t ? ） ）和破產時的赤字（ u （ t ） ）的分佈和它們的聯合分佈，並給出了罰金折現期望滿足的一積分-微分方程，由此方程得到了罰金折現期望的拉普拉斯變換。
  5. A necessary and sufficient condition with ergodic of 1 - order probability distribution function of stochastic process ( theorem 1 and corollary 1 ) and extended the general distribution theorem of stochastic variable under the case of weakly condition ( theorem2 ) are presented

    摘要提出了隨機過程一階概率分佈函數具有遍歷性的一個充分必要條件（定理1和推論1 ） ，並在較弱條件下，對一般的關于隨機變量函數分佈定理作了進一步的推廣（定理2 ） 。
  6. Abstract : this paper suggests a general model for hazard analysis of urban post - earthquake fire. based on the statistic study of urban fire, a modified calculating formula for occurrence of urban post - earthquake fire is established. according to poisson process model, a general analysis method is suggested. the analysis result is depicted by exceedance probability curves. the example analysis for a practical project is given in the paper

    文摘:建議了一個城市地震次生火災危險性分析的一般模型.利用民事火災的統計分析結果，給出了城市地震次生火災發生率的修正公式.在此基礎上建議了地震次生火災危險性分析方法，並以超越概率曲線的方法表達次生火災危險性分析的結果.結合實際工程，給出了分析實例
  7. In chapter 1, we briefly reviewed the risk theory and its development. and the significance about this paper was expressed. in chapter 2, we introduced classical risk model. in which, making this risk process into a strong markovian process is the preparation of deriving the main results. chapter 3 is the main body of the paper, we derived the results about general ruin probability in a kind of continuous time risk model with deficit - time geometry distribution of claim inter - occurrence time. the martingale approach is a good procedure to get the expression of ruin probability about a class of continuous time risk models with deficit - time geometry distribution of claim inter - occurrence time. we also take advantage of change of measure idea from it

    第二章介紹了經典風險模型，其中用逐段決定馬爾可夫過程理論及補充變量技巧，使一類風險模型的盈餘過程成為齊次強馬爾可夫過程。第三章作為本文的主體部分，在索賠到達間隔服從虧時幾何分佈的連續時間風險模型中，索賠額分佈為一般分佈，它的破產概率可以利用pdmp中的廣義生成運算元得出鞅，通過調節系數的選擇以及在相應測度下的測度變換，使得破產概率的一般解可以表示出來。
  8. This paper presents a method of probability analysis in order to develop the general design and analysis methods for problems of the embankment stability under random storm wave actions as well as with random properties of the embankment medium. the major purpose of this study is carry out modellings of ( 1 ) probability analysis for the problem of seepage stability of levee projects ; ( 2 ) probability analysis for the problem of erosion due to washout sediments from the embankment ; ( 3 ) numerical analysis for coastal evolution due to beach erosion under energy actions of storm wave

    本文根據598084號年浙江省自然科學基金項目和g59901號國家教育部回國留學人員科研啟動基金項目的部分研究目標和研究內容的要求應用概率分析方法研究了在隨機風浪荷載作用下和築堤材料隨機性影響下防護堤壩抗滲流、抗沖刷穩定性的分析計算模型；用數值分析方法研究了在浪潮能量作用下岸灘侵蝕造成海岸演變問題的數學分析模型。
  9. This risk process is made into a homogeneous piecewise deterministic markov process by introducing supplementary components from forward markovization technique. then a martingale is found by the martingale approach of piecewise deterministic markov process ( pdmp ). the general expression and the lundberg bound of the ruin probability are derived subsequently. the idea of change of the probability measure and the adjustment coefficient are used to find the lundberg bound

    首先利用向前馬爾可夫技巧使此風險過程成為齊次馬爾可夫過程，然後利用逐段決定馬爾可夫過程（ pdmp ）中的鞅方法，得到本文風險模型中鞅的形式，繼而求得索賠額分佈為一般離散分佈的破產概率的一般表達式，並得到破產概率的lundberg界，這里用到了測度變換的思想，從中可以看出調節系數的重要作用。
  10. This paper consists of three chapters. the first one is the preparatory knowledge underlying this paper, including the basic concepts of the piece - wise deterministic markov processes ( pdmp ), the renewal equation, the key renewal theorem and some results about the classical risk model, which come from [ 2 ], [ 8 ] and [ 9 ]. the second one introduces the results about the general ruin probability in a kind of continuous - time risk model with the deficit - time geometric distribution of inter - occurrence times, in which claim sizes are discretly distributed. these come from [ 6 ]. the main body of this paper is the third one where we derive lundberg bounds, cramer - lundberg approximations to the ruin probability and finite - horizon lundberg inequalities

    本文共三章，第一章是奠定本論文基礎的相關知識，包括逐段決定馬爾可夫過程的一些基本概念、更新方程與關鍵更新定理的內容以及經典風險模型的介紹，主要取自[ 2 ] 、 [ 8 ]和[ 9 ] 。第二章介紹了該風險模型在索賠額分佈為一般分佈下的破產概率的一般表達式及相關定理，內容來自[ 6 ] 。第三章是本文的主體，求得了該模型的破產概率的lundberg界， cram r - lundberg逼近以及有限時間破產概率的lundberg不等式。
  11. The new algorithm integrates the benefit of the average likelihood ratio algorithm with higher correct classification probability and that of the standard general likelihood ratio algorithm with low computation complexity, meanwhile, overcomes the invalidation problem of standard general likelihood ratio algorithm, when there are including relations between constellation sets of communication signals to be recognized

    新方法結合了平均似然比分類性能好和標準的廣義似然比分類計算量小的優點。同時解決了信號碼元集合存在包含關系時，標準的廣義似然比分類演算法的失效問題。
  12. This thesis regards choice mode of basic asset of credit asset securitization as study entry, using the relevant principles in disciplines such as economics, finances, investments, financial engineering, theory of probability and mathematical statistic and commercial bank management, etc., drawing lessons from analysis tools and research methods of predecessors, through summarizing relevant concepts and principles, earning and risk of credit asset securitization, outlines a general definition of credit asset securitization and draws importance of choosing basic asset of credit asset securitization on this basis

    本文將信貸資產證券化基礎資產的選擇模式作為研究切入點，運用經濟學、金融學、投資學、金融工程學、概率論與數理統計和商業銀行管理等學科的相關原理，並借鑒前人的一些分析工具和研究方法，通過對信貸資產證券化的相關概念及原理、收益與風險的分析，對信貸資產證券化作一個總的界定，並在此基礎上引出信貸資產證券化基礎資產選擇的重要性。
  13. The engendering source of traffic volumes and their general influential factors have been presented, and the situation of nowadays highway transportation has been discussed. according to the introduction of traffic distribution theory and classical assignment method, analysis of traffic flow path selection among cities and that of special influential factors for traffic flow on toll highways, initial analysis to the forming mechanism of traffic volume on road sections has been made, and a probability model for path selection has been set up with the maximum - utility theory and disaggregating model. detailed analysis to impedances on road sections and their functions ( especially to three main composing factors of the impedances as cost of time, transport and toll and to the functional relations with traffic loads ) was made, at the same time, the relative cost calculating model was set up on the basis of the state - of - art achievements in both international and national researches

    主要研究內容包括：交通量的產生根源及一般影響因素分析和當前公路運輸地位討論；從交通分配理論及經典配流方法著手，通過分析城市間交通流路徑選擇行為和收費公路路段交通量特殊影響因素，初步提出路段交通量的形成機理，並採用效用極大原理和非集結模型理論（ disaggregationmodel ） ，建立用戶出行路徑選擇概率模型；對路段阻抗及路阻函數（尤其對行程時間費用、車輛營運費用和道路收費這三個構成路段阻抗的主要因素及其與交通負荷間的函數關系）進行較為詳盡的分析，並以現階段國內外較為先進的研究成果為依據建立相應的成本測算模型，其中，特別提出了兩種確定客貨車輛時間價值的分析方法；離散分析法和時間-費率轉換法，後者是在目前基礎調查、統計數據資料不夠齊全的現實下提出的一種確定道路系統內務車型時間價值的較為實用的新方法；對我國公路收費政策的背景和理論、實踐依據及費率的各種影響因素進行重點分析；從數學的角度證明合理費率的存在性，並以最優化理論為基礎，建立在普通收費公路和擁擠路段交通調控型收費公路兩種模式下合理費率的計算模型等。
  14. As it is difficult to obtain the accurate analytical solutions for the stress constraints of general 3d cracks, we have conducted systemically detailed researches on the out - of - plane stress constraint by finite elements ( fe ) and proposed a two - parameter description of non - through thickness 3d crack fields. several problems in damage tolerant design were also investigated based on continuum mechanics and probability theory

    三維應力約束對精確預測結構破壞不可缺少，因此，本文採用三維有限元等方法基於連續介質力學、概率論等理論，對典型三維裂紋尤其是非穿透裂紋系統深入地開展了三維應力約束理論計算、三維裂紋端部應力場描述以及結構三維損傷容限設計的研究。
  15. Based on finite element and general reliability analysis, the structural optimization design model based on probability is constructed, which refers the cross - section areas as the design variables, refers the minimum of the frame ’ s weight as the object with the reliability restricts of stress and displacement

    在結構廣義可靠性分析的基礎上，構建了以桿截面積為設計變量，使結構重量極小化為目標函數，同時具有應力和位移廣義可靠性約束的優化設計數學模型，並將其應用於天線結構的優化設計之中。
  16. The simulation findings uncover that : either a higher inefficiency level of e - marketplace, or a higher opportunity cost that a seller in the traditional marketplace takes, or a low upper limit of active sellers in e - marketplace, or a higher probability of taking stochastic actions, or less information to form expectation, can be propitious for spurring the shift from the traditional marketplace to the e - marketplace. as for the popular “ thorough shift ” presumption, this paper puts forward that, an aggressive shift from traditional marketplace to e - marketplace is probably built on an effort by the buyer to constrain his own bargaining power or to share benefits with the supplier. by developing economic models and leveraging the general game theory, this paper also finds out that cost is the critical factor that governs the evolution of monopolistic market, monopolistic competitive market and oligarchic market

    保持其它因素不變，以上因素對市場演化的影響作用分別為:市場演化對電子市場競爭無效率度高度敏感，當電子市場競爭無效率度小幅度下降時，市場顯著地偏向傳統市場，當電子市場競爭無效率度小幅度上升時，市場顯著地偏向電子市場;傳統交易中賣方所承擔的隱性成本是市場演化的另一個決定性因素，當傳統交易中的賣方所承擔的隱性成本取值較大時，電子市場將佔主導地位，當傳統交易中的賣方所承擔的隱性成本取值較小時，傳統市場將佔主導地位， ;當為電子市場中實際參與每筆交易的賣方設置一個低的上限時，傳統市場將迅速演化為電子市場;市場參與者的非理性行動概率越大，市場越容易向電子市場
  17. In the domain, we have to use the method of statistics, which is called probability wave function in quantum - mechanics, to determine the distribution of energy in general space

    的不連續性，所以只能用統計學方法，用概率波函數的方法求能量即量子力學中用到的歸一化條件：時空波函數
  18. This axiom set consists of fifteen equations, and it is easier to prove and deduce the identity equations of the mpm system. then, this paper introduces the concept of truth degrees of propositions based on the probability space in mpm logic system and discusses some properties. it is proved that general reference rules with truth degrees are hold in mpm logic system

    隨后，本文在概率空間的基礎上，將命題真度的概念引入mpm中介命題邏輯系統中，並討論其上的一些性質，證明一般真度mp規則和hs規則在mpm中介命題邏輯系統中是成立的。
  19. If either of strength and stress is stochastic variable and another is fuzzy variable, the. fuzzy variable can be transformed to section number on the assumption that the probability of fuzzy variable taking some points in that section is proportional to its value of membership function respectively, then the probability of structural fuzzy event is transformed to general probability with stochastic strength and stress variables and can be solved by general probability theory

    當強度和應力之一為隨機變量，另一個為模糊變量時，提出將模糊變量通過模糊集合截集轉換為區間數，並假定模糊變量在此區間取值的可能性與相應的隸屬函數值成正比。採用上述處理后，結構模糊事件的概率即轉化為相應的普通事件概率，可按應力和強度為隨機變量，用常規可靠性理論進行求解。
  20. In this paper, the general structure of block cipher together with its related properties is firstly discussed, then the main non - linear component of s - boxes in block cipher is analyzed. as to the boolean function in binary field, we studied its non - linearity, linearity structure, output bit independence criterion ( big ), balance, completeness, strict avalanche criterion, propagation criterion, correlation immunity, linear approximation table and xor distribution table. we also discussed the pile - up lama used to compute the combination linear probability and showed an instance of its application

    本文首先討論了分組密碼的一般結構及其相關特性，此外還有分組密碼主要的非線性組成部分s盒。對於二元域上的布爾函數主要討論了其非線性性、線性結構、比特獨立準則、平衡性、完整性、雪崩準則、傳播準則、相關免疫性、線性分佈表及異或分佈表等特性。對計算組合線性概率的迭加定理我們也進行了具體的討論，並給出了運用事例。
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