given 中文意思是什麼

音標 ['givn]
given 解釋
adj. 形容詞 1. 一定的，特定的。
2. 給予的，贈送的。
3. 〈數學推理等的獨立用法，表示條件）已知的，假設的。
4. 愛好的，喜歡的，習慣的 （to）。
5. （文件等於…）簽訂的。
n. 名詞 （推理過程中的）已知事物。
It's taken as a given. 名詞 這被認為已知。

  1. Under the incentive of the civil - market demanding such as laser material processing and the military - market demanding such as a new generation of laser weapon candidate and icf, diode - pumped solid laser ( dpsl ) develops rapidly worldwide. as an important application, diode - pumped intracavity - frequency - doubled laser is attached much importance in recent years, but there still remain many problems unresolved completely. in this paper, i have given some abecedarian study results on some of these problems theoretically and experimentally

    因工業激光材料加工等民用市場的需求以及慣性約束聚變和作為新一代激光武器候選器件等軍方需求的推動，國際上高功率二極體泵浦固體激光器（ dpsl ）的研究進展迅速，作為dpsl的一個重要應用，內腔倍頻一直得到大家的重視，但仍有許多未徹底解決的問題和理論上的不完備之處，本論文擬對其中的一些問題作一初步的理論和實驗研究。
  2. Spontaneous generation the erroneous belief that modern living organisms can be formed directly and spontaneously from inorganic material, given the right conditions ( abiogenesis )

    自然發生學說：是認為現代生命體可以在適當條件（自然發生）下直接由無機物自然形成的錯誤觀點。
  3. We may recall here that very similar abiotic environments have given rise to a very dissimilar flora.

    這里我們可以回想起這樣一種情況，即十分相似的非生物環境產生了十分不相似的植物區系。
  4. We may recall here that very similar abiotic environments have given rise to a very dissimilar fauna.

    這里我們可以回想起這樣一種情況，即十分相似的非生物環境產生了十分不相似的動物區系。
  5. Now abraham had given all that he had to isaac and had breathed his last, dying in a good old age.

    這時亞伯拉罕已經把他的一切財產給了以撒，他因屆耄耋之年，不久停止了呼吸。
  6. The principal constituents of the atmosphere and their abundances are given in table 13. 1.

    大氣的主要成份及所含成分的百分比在表131。
  7. Given this understanding, the british people feel little burden in keeping the corner abuzz with speeches

    英國人有了這個共識，政治上也就沒什麼包袱了。
  8. Parti the traditional model composition teaching no longer acclimatizes itself to the development of the modern education and it has given some negative effort

    第一部分：傳統的模式化作文教學已經不適應現代教育的發展，而且對現代教育留下了一些負面影響。
  9. We were given to understand that the accommodation was free.

    給我們的感覺是住宿是免費的。
  10. The winners were given one minute to deliver their acceptance speech, with the time limit strictly policed by an outspoken eight - year - old girl

    獲獎者均擁有一分鐘的時間發表獲獎感言，時間由一位心直口快的8歲女孩嚴格控制。
  11. 45 seconds. one billion viewers. oscar winners are given one of the largest platforms in the world for public speech. here are some tips for how to write good acceptance speech

    45秒，一百萬觀眾。奧斯卡獲獎者能夠登上世界上最宏大的演講臺。這里有一些寫好獲獎感言的建議。
  12. Human adults given growth hormone have suffered from acromegaly ( excess bone growth ) and carpal tunnel syndrome

    成年人給予生長激素，則會造成末端肥大（骨頭過度生長）以及腕管綜合癥。
  13. Any notice required to be given hereunder shall be considered properly given if sent by registered airmail or courier or by facsimile to the address of the other party indicated below or to such other address as the addressee shall have furnished in writing to the addresser and shall take effect on the date of dispatch

    根據本協議要求發出的同志，若用航空掛號信寄往、或以快遞或傳真發往另一方的下列所示地址或收件人以書面形式向發件人提供的其他地址，應視為有效送達，並在發送之日生效。
  14. The method is given to solve the problem in adaptive demodulation that adjudgement will worsen when the snr is low. by using the error signals to reduce the demodulated signals, the bit error rate will be improved

    模擬中，針對dpsk信號的自適應解調中小信噪比下門限失效的問題，提出了利用誤差改進門限判決的方法，將誤碼性能提高了1 2db 。
  15. We have proved that stml is a topological category and the category tml is a bireflective full subcategory of stml, the existence of some functors " right adjunction. based on [ 106 ], we have researched the limits and inverse limits in the category stml, given the other one kind of product of - smooth topological molecular lattices

    以文[ 106 ]的相關概念為基礎，研究了范疇stml （ l ）中的極限與逆極限問題，從而給出了范疇stml （ l ）的另一種乘積，且這兩種乘積在范疇意義下是同構的。
  16. A sequence commonly adopted is given below.

    下面給出通常採用的順序。
  17. A method to calculate quantitatively the adsorption volume or adsorption space of per mass of adsorbent derived from both the adsorbed molecule volume and the maximum adsorbance of a solute in an adsorption isotherm under a given experimential condition is presented firstly for a solid / liquid adsorption system of the solute in a dilute aqueous solution. this method is suitable for not only mono - layer adsorption, but also mani - layer adsorption and micelle adsorpion of surfactant constructed by hydrophile and lipophile groups. therefore, the surface concentration of the adsorbate, cs, deduced from the adsorption volume is possessed of the meaning of true concentration, and the value of the patition coefficient of the adsorbate between solid and liquid phass, p, attained by the cs and the c, solution concentration of the adsorbate, can be accurate. the foregoing a set of calculations are presented for the solid - liquid adsorption systems consisted of the wool fiber and separately dodecyltrimethyl - ammonium bromide ( dtab ) and hexadecyltrimethyl - ammonium bromide ( ctab ) in this paper. this provides a strong basis for adsorption thermodynamic investigation of adsorbate

    對稀溶液中溶質的固/液吸附體系，首次提出了根據吸附分子體積和實驗條件下吸附等溫線中的最大吸附量計算單位質量吸附劑的吸附體積或吸附空間的方法.此法適用於單層吸附，也適用於多層吸附和具有親水親油結構的表面活性劑分子的膠團吸附.由此，吸附質的表面相濃度cs具有真實濃度的含義，相應地，計算得到的溶質的固/液分配系數p就有了準確值.分別計算由溴代十二烷基三甲銨（ dtab ）和溴代十六烷基三甲銨（ ctab ）與羊毛纖維構成的液/固體系分配系數等，為溶質吸附的熱力學研究奠定了基礎
  18. She could not persuade herself as to the advisability of her promise, or that now, having given her word, she ought to keep it

    她無法確信自己的允諾是適當的，也無法肯定在作出了這個承諾以後自己是否該信守諾言。
  19. The territorial gains were given back by the end of the day, especially in the face of effective german aerial attacks

    但俄國人的坦克數量太少了，所以這次反擊註定是失敗的。
  20. He is given to viewing life as if it were an aesthetic spectacle.

    他喜歡觀察生活，好象生活是一幅美的圖景。
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