in fraud of 中文意思是什麼
in fraud of
解釋
為了欺騙-
" there is a massive fraud of minerals in katanga, through kasumbalesa, " he says, promising to take some " measures to re - organize the custom office "
他說「在加丹加有大量的礦石欺詐行為」 ，並承諾採取一些「措施以重組海關」 。 -
Neither the bank, its associates, nor any of their directors, officers or employees, shall be liable to the customer for any expenses, loss or damage suffered by or occasioned to the customer by reason of any action taken or omitted to be taken by any one or all of the bank, its associates, their directors, officers, employees or agents pursuant to these conditions or in connection therewith other than as a result of the fraud, wilful default or negligence of the bank, its associates, their directors, officers, employees or agents ; the bank s failure in good faith to honour any stop - payment instructions given by the customer ; the presentation to the bank of any cheque or other payment order which is post - dated ; the bank failing to honour any draft drawn on it by the customer, but the bank shall immediately return such draft to the customer through the normal channels giving the reason for the dishonour ; any loss, damage, destruction or misdelivery of or to the securities howsoever caused unless the same shall result from the negligence of, or theft by, the bank or its associates or any of their directors, officers or employees, in which event the extent of the liability of the bank shall be limited to the market value of such securities at the date of discovery of the loss and even if the bank has been advised of the possibility of such loss or damage ; unauthorised use or forging of any authorised signature as a result of the negligence, wilful default or fraud of the customer ; subject to condition 5. 5, any act or omission, or insolvency of, any person not associated with the bank including, without limitation, a third party nominee or depositary ; viii the collection or deposit or crediting to the custodian accounts of invalid, fraudulent or forged securities or any entry in the custodian accounts which may be made in connection therewith ; any malfunction of, or error in the transmission of information caused by, any electrical or mechanical machine or system or any interception of communication facilities, abnormal operating conditions, labour difficulties, acts of god, or any similar or dissimilar causes beyond the reasonable control of the bank and notwithstanding paragraph, the error, failure, negligence, act or omission of any other person, system, institution or payment infrastructure
本行其聯系人士其各董事高級人員或雇員均毋須向客戶因以下理由而使客戶蒙受或產生之任何開支損失或虧損負責： i本行其聯系人士其董事高級人員雇員或代理人根據此等條件採取或遺漏採取有關之行動，但由於本行其聯系人士其董事高級人員雇員或代理人之欺詐行為故意失責或疏忽所造成者除外ii本行本真誠地未能依約替客戶執行止付指示iii向本行提交任何遠期支票或其他付款指示iv本行未能兌現由客戶開出之匯票，但本行將立即透過正常渠道將該匯票退回客戶，並解釋拒付之理由v無論如何導致之任何證券之損失損毀毀壞或錯誤交付除非上述各項乃因本行或其聯系人士或其任何董事高級人員或雇員之疏忽或盜竊所引致，而在該等情況下，本行的責任將只限於在發現損失當日該等證券之市值，以及即使本行已獲知該等賠償之可能性vi因客戶之疏忽故意失責或欺詐行為而導致的任何偽造授權簽名或不獲授權使用該簽名vii在第5 . 5 a條之規限下，與本行無關者之任何行動或遺漏或無償債能力包括但不限於第三者代名人或寄存處viii代收或存入或貸存於保管人賬戶的無效偽造或假冒證券或在保管人賬戶記入可能與此有關之賬項ix任何電子機械或系統失靈或因該等機件或系統產生的資料傳送錯誤或任何通訊設施之終斷不正常操作情況勞工問題天災或非本行所能合理控制之任何類似或非類似原因及x盡管有第ix項，任何其他人系統機構或付款設施的錯誤故障疏忽行動或遺漏。 -
The crime of fraud of the credit card is a kind of new - type financial crime happening in the financial field, a kind of intelligent crime utilizing credit card as the guilty tool and crime means
信用卡詐騙罪是發生在金融領域內的一種新型的金融詐騙犯罪，是利用信用卡作為犯罪工具和犯罪手段的一種智能性犯罪。 -
In view of this situations, the auther gives five rules on strengthening to prevent the crimes of contract fraud. the first is to emprove the abilities of the marketplace subject on establishing contract, preventing fraud, enhancing to prevent oneself. the second is to do best in opening the messages about the marketplace subject
針對這些問題作者提出了五個方面加強預防合同詐騙犯罪行為的措施:一是提高市場主體的締約能力、防詐騙能力，加強自我防範;二是做好市場主體有關信息的公開:三是提高刑罰的確定性和及時性，加大對合同詐騙犯罪的打擊力度;四是提高商業道德，重建市場信用;五是增進國際間的司法交流與合作，懲治和預防跨國合同詐騙犯罪。 -
Several questions in deciding the amount in crime of financial fraud
金融詐騙犯罪數額認定中的幾個問題 -
In some of the reported fraud cases, people may ask, where were the professionals in those companies who should have spotted the irregularities in the early stages, yet did nothing about it
一些向警方舉報的詐騙案顯示，報案人會問：公司的專業人員應早就察覺違規行為，但他們竟然坐視不理？ -
For avoiding fraud of letter of credit, fraud exception doctrine appears on the basis of confirming abstract in dependence doctrine of letter of credit
摘要欺詐例外原則是為了避免信用證欺詐，在肯定信用證抽象獨立原則的基礎上產生的。 -
On the fraud of conditions constituting crime of piracy in international law
論國際法上海盜罪構成條件之弊端 -
Fraud in procurement of medical equipment
采購醫療器材的詐騙行為 -
Although there is no the description of " for the purpose of illegal possession " in the fads about the crime, the crime can not be tenable without the purpose. on the other hand, the crime of fraud on letter of credit leaves from common fraud crime, which is a crime for the purpose of illegal possession with direct intent. on some occasion, there is a division of accomplished cffense and unaccomplished offense in crime of fraud on letter of crfdit. the act of counterfeiting a letter of credit and using it afterwards, and the act of using a noneffec tive credit, and the act of defrauding a bank to open a credit or using fraudulent clause in credit somewhat should be punished seriously by our country ' s criminal law
信用證詐騙罪所侵犯的客體是國家對信用證的管理制度以及公私財產所有權，其客觀行為表現包括使用偽造、變造的信用證或者附隨的單據、文件進行詐騙活動、使用作廢的信用證進行詐騙活動、騙取信用證進行詐騙活動以及以其他方法進行信用證詐騙活動，信用證詐騙罪的犯罪主體包括自然人和單位，主觀上屬于直接故意，要求行為人具有非法佔有的目的。在司法實踐中，應注意信用證詐騙罪與非罪、與彼罪的區分認定，以及對罪數形態、共同犯罪和既未遂形態的認識。 -
This article consists of five parts, comparatively analyses the concrete content of american federation ' s and states " and non - official organizations legislation regarding electronic signature which can provide some good advice on chinese electronic signature legislation. part i mainly introduce the evolution of traditional signature, especially the requirement of signature in " statute of fraud " among the common law. in order to meet the demands of " statute of fraud " and cope with the challenge to traditional legal system brought about by electronic commerce
本文分五個部分，比較分析了美國聯邦，州以及非官方組織有關電子簽名立法的具體內容，以期為中國電子簽名立法提供有益的建議：第一章主要分析了傳統簽名的歷史演進，尤其是普通法中的反欺詐法對「簽名」的要求，在電子商務中，為滿足反欺詐法的要求，美國聯邦、州以及非官方機構紛紛立法和出臺示範法，擴充傳統簽名的涵義，確立和完善電子簽名制度，以應對電子商務對傳統法律制度的挑戰。 -
He was inflamed by the intellectual pretence and fraud of those who sat in the high places
身居高位者的智力上的假冒偽善令他怒火中燒。 -
A top scientific journal plans to adopt some stricter safeguards against fraud, in wake of a headline - grabbing south korean cloning sham exposed a year ago
有感於一年前曝光的黃禹錫幹細胞研究作假案，頂尖科學雜志計劃採取更為更格的措施，預防研究中的欺詐行為。 -
Whoever makes use of statistical investigation to jeopardize public interests or engage in fraud shall be ordered by the statistics institution of the people ' s government at or above the county level to set it right and his illegal gains shall be confiscated, and he may also be fined ; if the case constitutes a crime, he shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law
利用統計調查損害社會公共利益或者進行欺詐活動的，由縣級以上人民政府統計機構責令改正，沒收違法所得，可以處以罰款；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。 -
But securities fraud in this thesis is limited in civil fraud, it means any misconducts in breach of the principle of fairness and good faith existing in the issuing, trading and other related activities of securities
並對三者作了區分。而本文所指的證券欺詐僅限民事欺詐，指的是在證券發行、交易及相關活動中任何違反公平合理和誠信原則的行為。 -
It is shown that there are different degree defects in a few definitions in the theories field. in overview of the general requests for giving a definition and the character of the offense of insurance fraud, the writer views that the offense of insurance fraud refers to the act of policy holder, the insured and beneficiary in the insurance contract relation violating the regulations of insurance law to illegally occupy as its purpose, adopt deliberately falsifying the subject matter of the insurance ; or cooking up the cause of an insured accident or overstating the extent of loss ; or inventing stories an insured accident that does not occur ; or deliberately causing the occurrence an insured accident that leads to property ; or deliberately making insurance accidents to swindle large sums of insurance. it has the characteristics as follows : their being subjectively in the diversity of the criminals, the combination of intelligence and cruelty of the criminals, simpler in criminal suspect ; their being objectively in deceptive, crime means " profession to turn, the crime activity concealment very strong, be involved amount of money huge, usually living with other crime companions, the severity of the consequences of the crime, higher black number of crime, and having a thing
筆者認為:保險詐騙罪的犯罪客體不屬于本罪的構成要件，保險詐騙罪的成立僅須具備犯罪主體要件、犯罪主觀要件和犯罪客觀要件三個要件即可;鑒于保險詐騙罪的預備形態在現實中的危害性不大，本文僅就保險詐騙罪的未遂形態和中止形態進行了探討;著重探討了保險詐騙罪共犯中的身份問題，對保險詐騙罪的教唆犯和幫助犯的構成特徵及刑事責任進行了探討;逐一對保險詐騙罪的實質一罪（法規競合與想像競合）和處罰一罪（牽連犯與吸收犯）進行了分析;同時，從犯罪數額和主觀目的上討論了保險詐騙罪的成罪條件，將保險詐騙罪與普通詐騙罪和合同詐騙罪進行了區分;最後，在對保險詐騙罪立法沿革和立法模式分析的基礎上，從保險詐騙罪的主體、主觀方面、客觀方面以及立法技術等幾個方面對保險詐騙罪的缺陷及其完善提出了自己的看法。 -
From 2005, our country start to put into practice macroscopical adjust, price of crude oil and fibre raw material keep rising, the international trade situation is very grimness, add it turned the productivity of fibre to developped to the 2004 quick in 2001, a current excess, the profession competition turns worse, rate of exchange the influence that change the industry chain at the same time is over and above benefit in fraud that variety ability that a year, turn the fibre profession from here the 2005 the movement difficulty, realize the profits compares to descend 20. 3 % together, is four in the last yearses descend significantly for the very first time, also ising every kind of self - contradict ising convex with problem now, face such disadvantageous exterior environment, how to promote the fast orientation in company oneself new surrounding with the anti - risk ability, exist to the business enterprise with develop to the pass importance
本論文首先對吉林化纖長絲車間生產管理進行系統現狀分析，其主要目的是查找生產管理系統存在的問題，並進行系統原因分析，從而確定系統優化方向。文章從生產計劃管理、生產組織管理、生產控制管理三個方面作了系統現狀分析，逐一闡述車間生產管理各個子系統存在問題有原因分析，在此基礎上運用生產管理系統優化理論，對車間生產管理各個子系統進行了優化研究，提出了系統優化方案。為保證車間生產管理系統優化方案能夠順利實施，筆者提出通過車間自身生產管理制度建設、績效考評系統建立、員工培訓體系建立、生產現場5s管理推行及車間班組建設，為車間生產管理系統優化提供更有力的保障。 -
The third analyzes the definition of fraud of a letter of credit in law both domestic and international, the types of fraud, the general character of fraud, and the exception to the independence principle of fraud. then i will discuss the issue of utility maximization between " independence principle " and " exception to the independence principle " with the methods of evaluating maximum value and case study
第三部分分析了信用證詐騙在國內外法律上的界定，詐騙的類型，詐騙的共性，詐騙的「例外原則」 ，然後通過求最大值的方法並結合案例談了「獨立原則」與「例外原則」的效用最大化問題。 -
In the event of a fraudulent transfer of property achieved through the fraud of a third party, the court would have the power to order rectification of the land register on application, should failure to do so be considered unjust
如果物業轉讓屬于第三者的欺詐手段而取得的欺詐轉讓，有關人士可提出申請更正土地注冊紀錄，如法院相信不更正會造成不公平的情況，便可運用權力下令更正。 -
And then the author explains and differentiates the legal meanings of fraud in three aspects, that is, fraud in system of juristic act, fraud in system of tortious act, and crime of fraud
其次解釋了欺詐在整個法律體系中的三個層面上的意義：第一是法律行為制度中的欺詐，第二是侵權行為法上的欺詐（二者合稱為民事欺詐） ，第三是，刑事欺詐即詐騙罪。
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