institution of action 中文意思是什麼

institution of action 解釋
民事訴訟的起訴
  • institution : n 1 設立，創設，制定。2 慣例，制度，規定。3 學會，協會；院，會，社，館，所；機關；社會事業機構〈...
  • of : OF ＝Old French 古法語。
  • action : n 1 動作，活動；行為，行動。 ★ act 指一次所作的行為；action 雖與 act 同義，但多半指某一期間內出現...
  1. Nie also analyze the impaction of microscopic institutional structure on transaction costs or supervising cost of economic action, but they mainly analyze the combination of market mechanism with social institutions in exchanging area or the combination of corporation rules with social institutions, don ’ t refer to the combination of social capital, corporation rule with market mechanism and it ’ s impaction on economic action. nie don ’ t consider social capital as a kind of fundamental but ancillary economic institution

    還有，科斯等人認識到經濟行動所處的微觀制度結構對其交易或組織監督成本有影響，但主要分析的是市場制度與社會制度（ system ）在交換領域中、企業規則與社會制度在企業生產領域中的分別結合，而沒有分析市場制度、企業規則與社會資本等制度的同時結合對于經濟行動的影響。
  2. It was famous, too, for the pillory, a wise old institution, that inflicted a punishment of which no one could foresee the extent ; also, for the whipping - post, another dear old institution, very humanising and softening to behold in action ; also, for extensive transactions in blood - money, another fragment of ancestral wisdom, systematically leading to the most frightful mercenary crimes that could be committed under heaven

    那是一種古老而聰明的制度，那種懲罰傷害之深沒有人可以預見。它也以鞭刑柱聞名，那也是一種可愛而古老的制度，看了之後是會令人大發慈悲，心腸變軟的。它也以大量的「血錢」交易聞名，那也是我們祖宗聰明的一種表現，它能系統全面地引向天下最駭人聽聞的雇傭犯罪。
  3. The third : the juristical analysis of proper party in the group action institution

    第三部分:群體訴訟制度中正當當事人的法理分析。
  4. The group action institution adopts the representation to settle the contradiction about the multitudinous party and the limited legation space, but the problem of how to explain

    群體訴訟制度採用代表制來解決當事人人數眾多與訴訟空間容量有限的矛盾，但是，如何解釋代表人的正當性是其必須面對的問題。
  5. Compared with the traditional legation institution, the group action institution has some characteristics : the multitudinous party, the same benefits, the fiction of the group, the expansibility of the judgment sanction

    與傳統的訴訟制度相比，群體訴訟制度具有以下幾個特徵:當事人人數的眾多性、利益的相同性、群體的擬制性、判決效力的擴張性。
  6. This article contains three parts, five chapters. the first part introduces the incentive models of actual bonus stock synoptically, analyses the stock on hand, option shares and stock option, the three kind of important incentive models, on rights and incumbencies, value and the incentive guidance by contrast. the second part discusses the difficulties and influential factors in the design of technical bonus stock, quests for the incentive models of technical bonus stock, analyses superiority and inferior position in action, difference and interosculation between them, discusses the need and significance for the technical bonus stock reanimation in the middle - small technicalfilms. in order to make use of the technical bonus stock distribution mechanism fully, inspire the talent of technologists, encourage their devotion to films, we have some important discussion on the technical bonus stock distribution policy, introduce the distributed models of technical bonus stock, point out the questions in the excutive course, and offer the solution correspondingly. in the third part, we discuss the technical stock option design on middle - small technical films, and consider the logical thoughtfulness in the course of reanimation as follows : the more outstanding achievement for the powered man the more increase on special target the lower price on technical option premium the more profit the more effective reanimation. in the parameter, a set of detailed program is designed, which includes establishment of incentive fund, institution of merit system for the plan ' s grantors, award of stock option, determination of premium, so as to reduce random in the incentive course, have a great effect on the mormative management for the

    本文內容共分為五章三大部分，第一部分概括性地介紹了現行股權激勵方式，對現股、期股和期權這三種重要的激勵方式，從權利義務、價值和激勵導向三個方面進行了對比分析；第二部分探討了技術股權設計的難點和影響因素，討論了我國中小科技企業技術股權激勵的方式，分析它們在激勵中的優勢和不足，以及它們之間的區別與聯系，並對中小科技企業實施技術股權激勵的必要性和意義進行了探討。在文中還重點討論了中小科技企業技術股權分配的策略，介紹了技術股權紅利分配方式，指出在技術股權激勵過程中應注意的問題，並提出相應的解決辦法，目的在於充分利用技術股權分配機制，來激發技術人員潛在的創新能力，激勵他們為企業作貢獻；第三部分著重探討了中小科技企業技術股份期權的方案設計，在激勵方面，按照技術期權獲受人的業績越突出特定的指標增長越快行權價越低獲利越多激勵效果越好的邏輯思路進行考慮；在參數設計方面，對技術期權計劃中激勵基金、授予和考核、行權價格等參數進行了詳細地分析設計，旨在減少技術期權激勵過程中的隨意性，為中小科技企業的規范化管理起到一定的指導和借鑒作用。
  7. Consider that institution form the prompting and obligation mechanism of people ' s behavior choice, different institution midwifery different behaviorer ' s action, concequently solicitate the social structure change in micro - macroscopical aspect

    認為制度形成了人們行為選擇激勵約束機制，不同的制度催生不同行為主體的行為，從而引發社會結構的宏微觀的變遷。
  8. The group action institution is used to settled civil disputes which the number of one party is multitudinous

    群體訴訟制度是用來解決一方當事人人數眾多的民事糾紛的訴訟制度。
  9. By doing that, we can draw several benefical enlightenments : it is a model of power and grade ; a complete set ; a inter systematic set. it abide a certain path. because institution transform still locates at the exploring stageand, contract system of higher education is still unperfect and unthoroughgoing. lt causes some probles : 1 the spirit of contract system of higher education has n ' t be accepted on sense ; 2 the action of contract system of higher education is unworthy of the name ; 3 it cause " path - dependence " because of uncord of the interests ; 4 > propertizm of higher education causes some problems by using market system

    制度變遷畢竟還處于探索階段，造成了高教契約制的不完善、不深入等缺陷： 1 、在觀念上，高教契約制精神還未達成共識； 2 、在落實上，高教契約制實施還潛藏著「名不副實」狀況； 3 、在利益協調上，出現各主體利益不協調的「路徑依賴」現象； 4 、在市場機制利用上，高教產業化造成了一些問題。
  10. The implementation of this system for more man ten years clearly shows that the multi - channel institution of retrial does not produce the desired effects. the present retrial system modelled itself mainly on that of the former soviet union, its operation in china gives rise to more state intervention than individual disposal, more layman recognised truth than truth recognised by law, seeking justice in substantial law more than legal procedure, and finally brings about " numerous applicants, unlimited lapse of time, high frequency, confused jurisdiction, unmethodical causes of action "

    現行民訴法實施十多年的司法實踐表明發動再審程序主體的多元性並沒有產生預期的效果，由於現行的民事再審主要是參照前蘇聯模式，在再審程序的啟動上，強調國家干預權，忽視當事人處分權；在事實認定上，追求客觀真實，忽視法律真實；在糾錯上，注重實體公正，忽視程序公正；從而導致在實際操作中出現了啟動再審的「主體無限、時間無限、次數無限、審級無限、理由或條件無限」的不良現象。
  11. Then the author compares the resource installation by the government, the market and the third sector from six aspects, which include the theoretical summarization of the three analysis patterns, comparison of the action field and the installation bodies, comparison of the installation effect, the fittest installation role, and the action of the installation bodies. based on these comparisons, the author thinks that the resource installation by the third sector is an important institution of resource installation

    二是從六個方面比較了政府、市場與第三部門的資源配置：即從資源配置三元分析模式的理論梳理、三者的作用域、配置主體的比較、配置優劣勢比較、最適合的配置任務比較、配置主體行為比較，得出第三部門是與政府、市場一樣對資源配置起重要作用的配置制度。
  12. How to use of the currently in effect criminal procedure expert testimony system in the normal way, administrative control expert testimony institution and office workers, amplify necessary rules and regulations of the actuating of expert conclusion 、 implement of expert conclusion 、 argumentation of expert conclusion 、 authentication of expert conclusion ; up to protect litigation rights of parties in action, get on the stick of administration of justice 、 successfully achieve an end of administration of reasonable judgment all along is the focal point of the work and difficult point in our expert testimony system structure. in this paper, coupling our current the present situation of criminal expert testimony, to perfect the legal system, to resolve the problems of expert testimony system, the writer tried to study some problems of giving some enlightenment to the theory and practice of judicial appraisal institution, relate and analyze it and set forth the views and opinions on the settlement of some matters with six parts

    本文從分析刑事司法鑒定及其程序入手，比較兩大法系關于刑事司法鑒定的啟動、實施、質證、認證與採信等司法證明各環節的制度規定，透視我國刑事司法鑒定程序存在的基本問題，在此基礎上提出:規定鑒定期限、對無鑒定結果不能進入訴訟或準司法程序的情況，當事人可以申請公證機關公證鑒定啟動程序的真實性和合理性、建立鑒定人出庭作證制度、裁判者對鑒定結論認證通過質證程序形成心證的過程及理由應做出公開說明等有利於我國刑事司法鑒定程序改革的具體構想。
  13. Neither the bank, its associates, nor any of their directors, officers or employees, shall be liable to the customer for any expenses, loss or damage suffered by or occasioned to the customer by reason of any action taken or omitted to be taken by any one or all of the bank, its associates, their directors, officers, employees or agents pursuant to these conditions or in connection therewith other than as a result of the fraud, wilful default or negligence of the bank, its associates, their directors, officers, employees or agents ; the bank s failure in good faith to honour any stop - payment instructions given by the customer ; the presentation to the bank of any cheque or other payment order which is post - dated ; the bank failing to honour any draft drawn on it by the customer, but the bank shall immediately return such draft to the customer through the normal channels giving the reason for the dishonour ; any loss, damage, destruction or misdelivery of or to the securities howsoever caused unless the same shall result from the negligence of, or theft by, the bank or its associates or any of their directors, officers or employees, in which event the extent of the liability of the bank shall be limited to the market value of such securities at the date of discovery of the loss and even if the bank has been advised of the possibility of such loss or damage ; unauthorised use or forging of any authorised signature as a result of the negligence, wilful default or fraud of the customer ; subject to condition 5. 5, any act or omission, or insolvency of, any person not associated with the bank including, without limitation, a third party nominee or depositary ; viii the collection or deposit or crediting to the custodian accounts of invalid, fraudulent or forged securities or any entry in the custodian accounts which may be made in connection therewith ; any malfunction of, or error in the transmission of information caused by, any electrical or mechanical machine or system or any interception of communication facilities, abnormal operating conditions, labour difficulties, acts of god, or any similar or dissimilar causes beyond the reasonable control of the bank and notwithstanding paragraph, the error, failure, negligence, act or omission of any other person, system, institution or payment infrastructure

    本行其聯系人士其各董事高級人員或雇員均毋須向客戶因以下理由而使客戶蒙受或產生之任何開支損失或虧損負責： i本行其聯系人士其董事高級人員雇員或代理人根據此等條件採取或遺漏採取有關之行動，但由於本行其聯系人士其董事高級人員雇員或代理人之欺詐行為故意失責或疏忽所造成者除外ii本行本真誠地未能依約替客戶執行止付指示iii向本行提交任何遠期支票或其他付款指示iv本行未能兌現由客戶開出之匯票，但本行將立即透過正常渠道將該匯票退回客戶，並解釋拒付之理由v無論如何導致之任何證券之損失損毀毀壞或錯誤交付除非上述各項乃因本行或其聯系人士或其任何董事高級人員或雇員之疏忽或盜竊所引致，而在該等情況下，本行的責任將只限於在發現損失當日該等證券之市值，以及即使本行已獲知該等賠償之可能性vi因客戶之疏忽故意失責或欺詐行為而導致的任何偽造授權簽名或不獲授權使用該簽名vii在第5 . 5 a條之規限下，與本行無關者之任何行動或遺漏或無償債能力包括但不限於第三者代名人或寄存處viii代收或存入或貸存於保管人賬戶的無效偽造或假冒證券或在保管人賬戶記入可能與此有關之賬項ix任何電子機械或系統失靈或因該等機件或系統產生的資料傳送錯誤或任何通訊設施之終斷不正常操作情況勞工問題天災或非本行所能合理控制之任何類似或非類似原因及x盡管有第ix項，任何其他人系統機構或付款設施的錯誤故障疏忽行動或遺漏。
  14. Writer proposes, be living to educate young boys and girls when in order to guide them takeing shape well moral character and the action means, community education, educational institution education, the home education have to be thawed to to a man, sufficiently bring into play various sides initiative, in order to impel young boys and girls are living the idol when adoreeing, through takes personage as the core direction community that act as the core studys the alteration with the attribute ; the development is venerated to the reason that the perception through the surface level is adoreeed to the deep straturm ; through look up at, the mind appearance direction being captivated lessens the actual operation of disparity transforing. allow the idol genuinely become the driving force that such gos forward, allowwing such pair of idol adore against self develops one another to get in touch with, achieve through the cognition up the operation, adore the qualitative leap of reason emulate through the perception

    而且由於原因是多方面的，其對青少年身心發展的影響也既有積極的一面也有消極的一面。作者提出，在對青少年進行教育以引導他們形成良好的道德品質和行為方式時，社會教育、學校教育、家庭教育必須融為一體，充分發揮各方面的積極性，以促使青少年在偶像崇拜時，由以人物為核心向以特質為核心的社會學習改變;由表層的感性崇拜向深層的理性敬仰發展;由仰望、著迷的心態向縮小差距的實際行動轉化。讓偶像真正成為其前進的動力，讓其對偶像的崇拜與自我發蔚目聯系，實現從認知到行動，從感性崇拜到理性模仿的質的飛躍。
  15. The na bo institution means going on an inspection tour action which took the liao dynasty king as the center, used hunting as the main form of experession

    所謂捺缽制度主要是指遼代皇帝為中心，以狩獵活動為主要表現形式的巡守制度和游幸活動。
  16. The institution of the capacity for civil liability is the law qualification for a actor to undertakes the civil liability for his own action

    民事責任能力是行為人對自己的過失行為承擔民事責任的法律資格。
  17. This paper is main to, based on the general institution and culture, investigate and study the development of transformation in social political institution and political culture, and especially, the change of both interrelation in the action and significance of improving politics

    本文以一般意義上的制度和文化作為背景，主要考察和研究轉型社會政治制度和政治文化的演變尤其是兩者相互關系的變化在促進政治發展中作用和意義。
  18. The costs of recovery include the cost of time spent by ha staff in the recovery process, postage for the mail reminders and final notices, and the out - of - pocket expenses involved in the institution of legal action such as the costs of courier delivery, filing fees to the small claims tribunal and the subsequent bailiff execution fees

    （三）追討欠款的行政費用包括醫管局人員在追討過程中所花時間的成本、發出催辦單及最後通知的郵寄費，和採取法律行動所涉及的實付費用，例如速遞費用、付予小額錢債審裁處的存檔費用，以及其後的執達主任執行費用。
  19. Chapter seven based on the strategy of " triple spiral " development, focuses on summing up the marked achievements by transferring system in national scientific research institutes in the 90 ' s and implementing the " 211 project " to promote the transferring of scientific research achievements. it illustrates the three - in - one functional mechanism about " academic circles ( university and institution for scientific research ) - industrial circles - government " and further points out the adjusting direction of action optimization and strategy for the universities, institutions for scientific research and governments

    第七章基於「三重螺旋」的發展戰略，在重點總結我國90年代科研院所轉制和實施《 211工程》以促進科研成果轉化的顯著成效的基礎上，明確「學術界（大學和科研機構） ? ?產業界? ?政府」三合一的作用機制，並進一步指出在實施「三重螺旋」的發展戰略過程中，我國大學、研究機構和產業界以及政府的行為優化與對策調整方向。
  20. The out - of - pocket expenses involved in the institution of legal action, together with the amount of written - off fees recovered through legal action by the ha over the past three years, are shown in annex 2

    至於，醫管局在過去三年採取法律行動所涉及的實付費用，以及透過法律行動成功追回的撇帳金額，載于附表二。
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