l-electron 中文意思是什麼

Transmission electron microscope and hplc were adopted to study cellular ultrastructures and aloin contents of aloe vera l. growing under shaded condition and natural light

摘要分別用透射電子顯微鏡技術、高效液相色譜法研究了生長在遮蔭和自然光照條件下庫拉索蘆薈葉片的超微結構和蘆薈素含量。

Environmental scanning electron microscopy ( esem ) observation of f2 mycelium cultured in liquid medium with 100mg / l of cadmium showed that there were crystalline precipitations attached to the surface of f2. transmission electron microscopy ( tem ) and energy - dispersive analysis microscope ( edam ) examination revealed that there were many granules with high content of cadmium around the cell wall

F2在100mg l鎘濃度下培養后，經環境掃描電鏡（ esem ）觀察顯示，菌體表面有較大晶體狀沉澱物；透射電鏡（ tem ）和能譜分析（ edam ）表明，細胞壁周圍形成大量細小的高鎘含量沉澱物。

So we figured that the influence of the electron - electron interactions must be considered in our work. added an electron - electron interaction ( up to the fourth neighbor ) term to the baranowski - buttner - voit ( bbv ) model for polyaniline, we carried out a self - consistent - variation calculation for an biexciton in the pernigranlilne - base polymer, in order to confirm the model hamiltonian. the results showed that two peaks ( near l. oev and 1. 5ev ) appeared in the calculated optical absorption, besides the reproduced electronic structure, bond order wave ( bow ) and ring - torsion angles

發現引入電子?電子相互作用后，聚苯胺靜態激子的性質受到影響，該聚合物的鍵序波、芳環扭角和電子中文摘要結構發生了變化，而且在理論吸收譜的低能端出現了明顯的二特徵吸收峰（ 1 . 0ev和1 . 5ev附近） ，這一結果與實驗數據很好的吻合，從而這一點表明我們所考慮的因素是合理的。

In this experiment, by methods of transmission electron microscopy, effects of low dosage of cd2 + ( 1. 87mg / l ) on the ultrastructure of muscular cells in male crabs at the different times were studied from september to november in 2001. in the experiment, male crabs were bought from aquatic product market in taiyuan and raised in laboratory for more a weed before treatment

體外暴露鎘對長江華溪蟹肌肉組織細胞超微結構的影響應用透射電鏡技術，於2001年9 10月，研究了鎘處理后5d 、 15d 、 30d時對長江華溪蟹（ sinopotamonyangtsekiense ）肌肉細胞超微結構的影響。

The ultra - thin er layers with the thicanesses in the range of 0. 5 ~ 3 monolayer ( ml ) are formed by electron beam evaporation on si ( 00l ) substrate at room temperature in an ultra - high vacuum system. after annealing at lower temperatures, ordered simcfores form on the surface. the trallsition of the surface reconsmiction pattem from ( 2 x l ) to ( 4 x 2 ) with the increase of er coverage up to l ml is observed by the reflective high energy electron diffraction ( rheed ) and low energy electron diffraction ( leed )

本文是關于硅（ 001 ）襯底與電子束淀積的鉺、鉿原子反應形成的超薄膜的界面與表面性質的研究，以及在該襯底上出現的共振光電子發射現象，包括了以下四個方面的工作： 1鉺導致的硅（ 001 ）襯底上的（ 4 2 ）再構研究利用反射高能電子衍射和低能電子衍射，在室溫淀積了0

In the third chapter, the organic single - layered photoreceptors were prepared, which consisted of polycarbonate matrix containing dispersed n, n ' - diethyl - 4 - aminobenzaldehyde - l - phenyl - l ' - ( a - naphthyl ) - hydrazone ( bah ) and 2, 4, 7 - trinitryl - fluorenone ( tnf ) as bipolar charge transport materials ( ctm ), as well as tiopc as charge generation material ( com ). the influence of organic electron transport material on the photosensitivity in the photoreceptors was investigated

在論文的第三章，我們研究了有機電子傳輸材料2 ， 4 ， 7 -三硝基芴酮（ tnf ）對有機單層光電導體（ tiopc bah pc體系）光敏性能的影響，發現少量的tnf （ tnf bah 0 . 005 ）可使得單層有機光電導體的光敏性能大幅度增強，並探索了其影響因素和微觀機理。

By making a systematic study on botanical and morpholigical to the 6 species, a few characteristics have been summarized for identification. with the method of tissue clearing and scanning electron microscope, the characteristic of oil cell of leaves and the micromorpholocal characteristic of fruit surface were found to be quite well differentiated and to have taxonomic value. by investigating the source of fructus listeae in sichuan, guizhou and hunan province, we found that the fruits of l. mollis hemsl are the main current species

對上述6種木姜子屬藥用植物進行了較系統的形態學研究：包括對植物形態、藥材性狀及顯微特徵的比較，總結出種間鑒別特徵；採用組織透明法對葉片中油細胞的形態及分佈進行研究發現， 6種植物葉片油細胞的分佈差異較大，種間鑒別特徵顯著；首次採用掃描電子顯微鏡對木姜子屬植物果實的微形態進行比較研究，發現不同種的果皮紋飾具有明顯差別，從而為種間鑒別提供了微形態學的證據。

This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。

Methods : in cultured lung explants without serum, the lipid component synthesis of pulmonary surfactant was evaluated in [ 3h ] - choline incorporation ; mrna content of phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase ( cct ) in lung explants was investigated in rt - pcr ; the changes of the ultrastructure of the at ii cells were observed with electron microscope ; the expression of nmdar1 subtype was observed in immunohistochemistry staining ; nitric oxide synthase ( nos ) activity, nitric oxide ( no ) content, superoxide dismutase ( sod ) level, malondialdehyde ( mda ) content and lactae dehydroase ( ldh ) level were determined by biochemistry methods. results : 1. influence of glutamate on synthesis of the lipid component of pulmonary surfactant ? with l - arginine, glu inhibited [ 3h ] - choline incorporation with good dose - dependence and time - dependence ; ( 2 ) mrna content of cct of the glu treatment groups was decreased ; ( 3 ) glu increases the release of ldh in cultured lung explants ; ( dwith electron microscope histochemistry, glu induced the changes of the ultrastruture of at ii iv cells

方法：採用成年大鼠肺組織無血清培養，運用[ ~ 3h ] -膽堿摻入法測定ps主要脂質磷脂酰膽堿（ pc ）合成量； rt - pcr擴增檢測肺組織中pc合成限速酶磷酸膽堿二胞苷酰基轉移酶（ cct ） mrna含量；透射電子顯微鏡法觀察肺泡型上皮細胞和ps系統超微結構的變化；免疫組織化學染色檢測glu的受體nmdar1亞單位的表達；生化測定肺組織乳酸脫氫酶（ ldh ）釋放量和肺組織勻漿中一氧化氮合酶（ nos ）活性、一氧化氮（ no ）生成量、超氧化物歧化酶（ sod ）水平以及丙二醛（ mda ）含量。

We discuss the qcse of the impurity in the finite square qwws considering impurity position, and raise a point of the qcse under the influence of the masses mismatch and the aspect ratio of the quantum well wires. without considersion of the mismatch of the effective masses between the well and barrier, we obtain the conclusion as follows : ( l ) the first band energy of the electron is decreased under the electric field

在前人工作的基礎上，我們在有效質量近似下討論了外加電場下有限深方形gaas ga _ （ 0 . 63 ） al _ （ 0 . 37 ） as量子阱線的雜質態和雜質的stark能移，並把我們的結果與前人的結果進行了比較。

Measurement of l - shell ionization cross sections for silver by electron impact

殼層電離截面的測量

The observation by transmission electron microscope indicated that while a. vera l. had been shaded for six months, it showed decreased chloroplast grana and decreased and loosely arranged thylakoid lamellas in its leaf cells and the starch originally accumulated in its leaf plastids declined until it disappeared, presented such underdeveloped inner - membrane systems as endoplasmic reticula and golgiosomes

電鏡觀察結果表明，遮蔭處理6個月後，庫拉索蘆薈葉片細胞中葉綠體基粒數量減少，類囊體片層數目減少且排列疏鬆，質體中原來積累的澱粉粒逐漸減少直至消失；內質網、高爾基體等內膜系統不發達。