law in action 中文意思是什麼
law in action
解釋
行動中的法律-
The clou of this article is how to maximize the function of independent director system under the actual condition in china, thus to improve the current status of breaking the law and pirate action happened repeatedly in market company, to protect the benefit of company and the stock - holders
本文研究的中心思想是：如何在中國國情下，使得獨立董事制度最大化的發揮作用，以改變目前上市公司中屢屢出現的違法、侵權現象，保護公司及廣大股東的合法利益。 -
There was no immediate action on the lawsuit filed in hamilton county common pleas court. the group claims the law is unconstitutional and hopes to get a restraining order
漢密爾頓市民事訴訟法院並未就該訴訟馬上起初起訴。協會聲稱禁煙令違反憲法，並希望獲得禁止令。 -
I would thou couldst ; for who would bear the whips and scorns of time, the oppressor s wrong, the proud man s contumely, the law s delay, and the quietus which his pangs might take, in the dead waste and middle of the night, when churchyards yawn in customary suits of solemn black, but that the undiscovered country from whose bourne no traveler returns, breathes forth contagion on the world, and thus the native hue of resolution, like the poor cat i the adage, is sicklied o er with care, and all the clouds that lowered o er our housetops, with this regard their currents turn awry, and lose the name of action
但願您做得到誰願忍受人世的鞭撻和嘲弄，壓迫者的虐待，傲慢者的凌辱，法律的拖延，和痛苦可能帶來的解脫，在這夜半死寂的荒涼里，墓穴洞開，禮俗的黑色喪服，一片陰森。但是那世人有去無還的冥界，正向人間噴出毒氣陣陣，因此那剛毅的本色，象古語所說的那隻可憐的小貓，就被煩惱蒙上了一層病容，一切壓在我們屋頂上的陰雲，因此改變了漂浮的方向，失去了行動的力量。那正是功德無量。 -
Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law
再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。 -
An analysis of action in rem in maritime procedure law
課應強調大學生法律素質的提高 -
Furthermore, it analyzed the conflict in terms of the change of movable real right in the two systems and the effect of explanation and deploitation in terms of inscape of improper benefiting, scope of application and the effect of correcting the benefit imbalance which is caused by improper benefiting towards the system of non - reason of real right, and opened out the intrinsic relations between he system of non - reason of real right and the system of improper benefiting. the fourth part of the paper mainly analyzed our legislation pattern of real right alteration and the attitude towards non - reason of real right action in the field of civil law, and set forth the aim and existing obstacles in transplanting real right action and non - reason theory, and then pointed out, from the judge of theory, there are some factors of real right action in our exiting civil legislation and the biggest obstacle for transplanting the theory lies in the matter of cognition
關於物權行為無因性制度與不當得利制度的比較，主要分析了物權行為無因性在給付不當得利的構成要件、適用范圍等方面的解釋和開拓作用，以及不當得利制度對於物權行為無因性制度所引起的利益失衡的平衡作用，指出物權行為無因性與不當得利之間存在著某種內在聯系，在不承認物權行為無因性原則的立法例中，不當得利請求權處于輔助地位，在適用中多受限制；在以物權行為無因性原則為特徵的立法例中，不當得利制度在理論上具有圓通性，在實務上功能突出，成為救濟物權行為無因性所導致的利益失衡狀態的有效措施。 -
Why we call public interest litigation as new litigation, one reason is that we have not set any system about public interest litigation in our civil procedure act and administrative procedure act ; another reason is that the history of public interest litigation is only morn than one hundred years which make it looks like a juvenility in the field of action law. for it is new, it must has more theory space and practice worth to study, so i choice it as my subject of master " s degree
公益訴訟之所以被稱之為新型訴訟，一是因為在我國現行的民事、行政訴訟框架中沒有設置相關的制度；二是因為放在國際大背景來看，它的成長歷史也不過區區一百多年，是訴訟法領域內尚不成熟的「少年」 ，正因其「新」 ，充滿可供研究探索的理論空間，具有發展完善的實際價值，我選擇了它作為碩士論文的課題。 -
Starting from the definition of consideration, the paper states the theoretical and legal basis of consideration, and makes comparison between consideration and compensation. the content contains : ( 1 ) consideration is an important concept in the british and american law of contract ; ( 2 ) when nonnegotiable share turns to be negotiable, the price of negotiable share will decrease. therefore, if this action occurs, nonnegotiable shareholders should make promise to protect negotiable shareholders ’ benefits ; ( 3 ) shareholder structure premium is the basic theoretical basis of consideration payment ; ( 4 ) consideration is a reasonable compensation which contract beneficiary gives to sufferer, according to the fair principle of the civil law
對價從法律上看是一種等價有償的允諾關系，而從經濟學的角度說，對價就是利益沖突的雙方處于各自利益最優狀況的要約而又互不被對方接受時，通過兩個或兩個以上平等主體之間的妥協關系來解決這一沖突; （ 2 ）把對價運用於股權分置改革，其基本含義是未來非流通股轉為可流通時，由於會導致流通股股價下跌，因此，流通股股東同意非流通股可流通的同時，非流通股股東也要對這一行為發生時將充分保護流通股股東的利益不受損作出相應承諾; （ 3 ）股權分置溢價是支付對價的基 -
Standing on the scientific development veiw, hunman - centered ideology and the height of strenghening construction of ability of administration, we should strenghen the theory innovation of the archives, system innovation, scientific and technical innovation, innovation in thought and sevice innovation, what more, depending mainly on the archives administration of carrier be transformed into relying chiefly on information administration of archives, felling back on the administrative management of archives work should be given place to clinging to managing archives in accordance with law, the archives work should paly a most important action in the serving for developing advanced productive and advanced culture
摘要要站在科學發展觀、以人為本和加強執政能力建設的高度，強化檔案理論創新、體制創新、科技創新、觀念創新、服務創新，實現以文書檔案為主向經濟、科技檔案拓展轉變，以檔案載體管理為主向檔案信息管理轉變，以行政管理為主向依法治檔轉變，更好地發揮檔案工作的職能。 -
The second part estimated this system from two angles, i. e. the function of the security protection of general dealing and the function of perspicuity of code structure system, meanwhile, reviewed the methodology of high abstract and technology of the system. the third part compared the non - reason of real right action theory with goodwill obtaining and the system of improper benefiting in civil law. it compared leitmotif, scope of application and functional mechanism between the non - reason of real right action theory and the system of improper benefiting
指出物權行為無因性與善意取得制度是兩種獨立的制度，並從兩者的主旨、適用范圍、與作用機理方面進行比較，指出兩種理論保護交易安全的主旨相同，物權行為無因性理論在適用范圍上較善意取得制度更廣泛些，善意取得制度的適用范圍較物權物因性理論則更具有彈性。 -
The main purpose of this thesis is to construct the system of shareholder representative action. through the method of comparison and analysis, it introduced and compares the system of shareholder representative action of the british & american legal system and the mainland legal system as well as the production and the development of sra in our country. the thesis elaborated on the elementary theory, analyzed legal principle theory of law basis, the legislation value and the necessity of establishment of our country
本文主要從完善我國股東代表訴訟制度角度出發，其主要特色在於運用了比較、分析等方法，介紹和比較英美法系和大陸法系的股東代表訴訟制度及我國相關訴訟制度的產生和發展，闡述了股東代表訴訟的基本理論，分析了股東代表訴訟的法理依據、立法價值和我國建立該制度的必要性。 -
Secondly, does public interest and general interest are the same things ? at last, the author draw a conclusion that public interest is not an abstract conception, and although there has something in common between public interest and general interest, there has also difference between two of them. the last part is a comment on the principle ' s significance and function, the author begins all of this with a case, discussing when we will need to use this principle directly, the author concludes that, if there is no law in writing to use, judges can use this principle directly, and, in some case, if the specific law ' s use may lead to unfair or cause an unmoral " s action objectively, judges can also prevent this result by use of this principle
針對第一個問題，筆者認為公共利益具有客觀性和社會共享性兩大特徵，但這並不是說公共利益就是一個完全抽象的概念，公共物品和公共服務是公共利益的現實的物質表現形式，在此，筆者又對公共物品作了一個簡要的劃分;針對第二個問題，筆者首先從英文字面的角度對共同利益的概念進行了辨析，認為共同利益實際上指代兩種關系，一種是指代共同體利益，一種指的是利益關系的產物，作為共同體利益，共同利益的性質取決于共同體的性質，作為利益關系的產物，共同利益的性質取決于原構利益主體的性質以及雙方的目的。 -
After we have a superficial realization through comparatively studying legislation example of different countries and zones, this thesis begin to probe into me rule ' s principal and theory basis. stability of the decisions and respect the procedure are two principals that must be followed defending stability of the decisions is beneficial to defend stability of law relations that are caused by decision of shareholders, defend the deal safe, promote the efficiency of the companies. respecting the procedure is beneficial to present the value of the procedure, guarantee the rights and interests of shareholders from the procedure. theory basis of deciding grounds of action and dividing the kinds of action make up theory basis of the rule of rescuing laws on decision of shareholders. the final define of grounds of action that breaking the law and the constitution of company is decided by the nature of company law and the nature of constitution of company. on the nature of company law, there are some disputes, include forced law opinion, willfully law opinion and synthetic opinion considering present company law, i think the synthetic opinion is right the nature of constitution of company has two features : self - rule and ruled by law. in general, constitution of company is a kind of self - rule law that partly ruled by law
此外，本文還討論了確認決議不存在之訴與不當決議取消、變更之訴的存在價值，綜合考慮后，決定保留確認決議不存在之訴，廢除不當決議取消、變更之訴這一弊大於利的訴訟類別。除了總體探尋股東會決議瑕疵救濟制度的理論依據外，考慮到召集制度和決議方法在股東會決議制度上的重要性和二者具體內容的繁雜，本文還重點分析了召集制度上的瑕疵和決議方法上的瑕疵兩大訴由。另外，本文創設了「決議顯著不公正」這一新訴由以防止多數決的濫用，多數決的濫用多年來一直是股東會決議中的一大頑癥，但各國公司法卻一直對其缺乏明確的規制，筆者希冀以多數決的濫用造成決議顯著不公正這一現象作為訴由，並提出具有可操作性的標準，由法官裁量判斷是否構成多數決的濫用，以期彌補股東會表決制度上資本多數決原則的不足。 -
Procedural law in the process of action
對訴訟活動的法社會學審視 -
Trust : a new value of law - viewpoint on law in action
以行動中的法的維度思考 -
Whether the soldier concerned has been transferred out of hong kong after the incident ; if so, who made the decision to make such a transfer and whether the decision requires the approval of the governor ; to uphold the rule of law in the territory, what action the government will take to recall the soldier concerned and to prevent soldiers stationed in hong kong from being transferred out of hong kong before the completion of the investigation into the crimes involving them
案中該位涉嫌軍人是否已在事發后被調離本港若然，此項調離的決定由誰作出，又該決定是否須經總督批準為維護本港法紀，政府會否採取行動，召回該名軍人，並防止日後駐港軍人在港所涉案件未完成調查前被調離港？ -
The right of disposing in civil procedure law can be traced back to the principle of autonomy of private law in civil material law. the right of disposing, which plays a decisive role in instituting civil proceedings, is a significant right enjoyed by litigants in civil action
民事訴訟法中處分權導源於民事實體法中的私法自治原則，當事人的處分權對民事訴訟的進行具有決定性作用，是民事訴訟中當事人的一個極為重要的權利。 -
Compared with the “ law in action ” by american jurists or the concept of law by anthropologist of law, the living law has communicating meaning and shows the dissimilarities
通過比較可以發現， 「活法」與美國法社會學家通說的「行動中的法」以及法人類學家提出的法概念既有相通的一面，又有明顯的區別。 -
In the process of forming and executing the order of the danwei, the action of the members to construct the order displays the characteristics of initiative and creativity. this case study would try to explain the dilemma existing in the process of enforcement the law during the modernization of law in china. the theory of “ law in action ” and legal pluralism provides a framework to explain the inner order of the danwei as a fundamental part of the rule of law
在分析的框架上，本文借用龐德「行動中的法」和法多元主義的思想，將單位成員的內在秩序作為中國法治秩序的內在部分，考察了單位成員在日常行動中形成和實施其實際法秩序的機制及其特徵，展現單位成員在構建具體秩序的方法、行動和能力。 -
Their success owes to the special environmental factors such as the support in the law, affirmation action, women organization network, mentoring and training of the professional affiliation, the professional characteristics and the social recognition to the female administrators
促使她們成功的環境因素可以歸納為：法律支持、反歧視行動、女性組織網路、職業聯盟的指導與培訓、行業的特點及其對女性領導的認識等。
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