lower epidermis 中文意思是什麼
lower epidermis
解釋
下表皮-
Both upper and lower epidermis cells are polygonal or irregular in shape in all species studied. the patterns of anticlinal walls are straight, arched or sinuous, and the raphal cuticular striastriae are occasionally observed on periclinal walls. stomatal apparatus and secretory cells are found on the upper epidermis of several species and on the lower epidermis of all species
結果表明：這些植物葉片的上、下表皮細胞呈多邊形或不規則形，垂周壁式樣為平直、弓形或波浪狀，平周壁偶有脊狀條紋；少數種類上表皮還有氣孔器或分泌細胞，所有種類下表皮具氣孔器和分泌細胞；氣孔器類型以平列型和側列型居多，偶爾有無規則型；氣孔極區呈稍角質加厚或棒狀加厚，稀t形加厚。 -
Thickness of upper and lower epidermis of leaves, width of xylem and phloem of annual and biennial branches, ratio of late wood to early wood, periderm thickness of biennial branches, and length of xylem ray present decreasing trends with latitude ascending ; while ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue, epidermis thickness of annual branches, and cortex thickness of biennial branches show unobvious variations with latitude increasing
葉的上下表皮厚度、 1和2年生枝木質部及韌皮部寬度、晚材早材比值、 2年生枝的周皮厚度、木射線長等均隨緯度升高而呈下降趨勢；而葉的柵欄組織和海綿組織比值、 1年生枝表皮厚度、 2年生皮層厚度等解剖結構隨緯度變化沒有明顯規律。 -
The studies show common features among them such as the stomata which is found in the lower epidermis, the wavy anticlinal walls of the epidermmal cells and the cyclocytic stomatal type
結果表明，其間存在明顯共性：表皮構造均為單面氣孔式，上下表皮細胞垂周壁皆呈不同程度的波狀起伏，氣孔器類型皆為環列型。 -
The results showed that the differences of leaf thickness, cutin layer thickness, stockade tissue thickness, sponge tissue thickness, ratio of stockade tissue thickness to sponge tissue thickness, tightness of leaf tissue structure, sedimentation of leaf tissue structure and stoma density were significant, while the differences of the sizes of upper epidermis and lower epidermis were not
葉片厚度、角質層厚度、柵欄組織厚度、柵欄組織與海綿組織厚度的比值、葉片結構緊密度和氣孔密度等值越大的含笑，受旱危害愈輕，其抗旱性就越強。
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