maritime carriage 中文意思是什麼
maritime carriage
解釋
海上運輸-
According to china ' s maritime code, the liabiiity of breaching a contract of carriage of goods by sea is determined by whether the breaching party has f8ult or not, while it aiso stipuiates in articie 51 that ; " the carrier shaii not be iiable for the loss of or damage to the goods occurred during the period of carrier ' s responsibility arising or resulting from any of the foiiowing causes ( ( 1 ) fault of the mastef, crew members, pilot or servant of the carrier in the navigation or management of the ship "
我國海商法在海上貨物運輸方面的承運人違約責任之歸責採取過錯責任原則，但因其在第51條又規定「船長、船員、引航員或者承運人的其他受僱人在駕駛船舶或管理船舶中的過失」承運人不負賠償責任。因為這一點，海商法學界稱之為不完全過失責任制。 -
In the meantime, imperfect liabilities for negligence principle which is regarded as the fundamental principle undertook by the carrier of carriage contract also tends to extend to maritime law ; what ' s important, as the fundamental principles of branch law, maybe there are several different doctrines of liability fixation in the same law, but in our words of the fundamental principles of maritime law, we mean the most important doctrine of liability fixation
同時，不完全過失責任原則作為海上貨物運輸合同承運人承擔的基本原則，也有向海商法基本原則擴張的趨向；更為重要的是，作為部門法的基本原則，可能在同一法律中存在著若干不同的歸責原則，但是我們所說的海商法的基本原則則是從海商法中最重要的歸責原則而言的。 -
Having this in mind, researching methodologies and ideas of this paper are based on the analysis of general principles of burden of proof in civil law. meanwhile, taking into account the specialties of shipping law, this paper compared the rules of burden of proof among hague rules, hague - visby rules, hamburg rules, draft of united states carriage of goods by sea act 1999 ( cogsa ), china maritime code and china contract act 2000
有鑒於此，本論文對海運貨損索賠舉證責任的研究是建立在對一般民事舉證責任分析的基礎上，結合海商法特點，重點對《海牙規則》 、 《海牙威斯比規則》 、 《漢堡規則》 、美國1999年海上貨物運輸法草案以及我國《合同法》 、 《海商法》對海運貨損索賠舉證責任的規定做了具體的比較和分析。 -
Article 2 " maritime transport " as referred to in this code means the carriage of goods and passengers by sea, including the sea - river and river - sea direct transport
第二條本法所稱海上運輸，是指海上貨物運輸和海上旅客運輸，包括海江之間、江海之間的直達運輸。 -
China has also acceded to the 30 - some conventions formulated by the imo, such as the 1965 convention on facilitation of international maritime traffic, 1990 international convention on oil pollution preparedness, response and cooperation, international convention on standards of training, certification and watchkeeping for seafarers, 1978, as amended, 1974 international convention for the safety of life at sea, international convention for the prevention of pollution from ships, 1973, as modified by the protocol of 1978 relating thereto ( marpol, or 73 / 78 convention on pollution convention ), athens convention relating to the carriage of passengers and their luggage by sea, 1974, and international convention for the unification of certain rules of law with respect to collision between vessels
中國先後加入了國際海事組織制定的30多項公約，其中包括《 1965年便利國際海上運輸公約》 、 《 1990年國際油污防備、反應和合作公約》 、 《 1995年海員培訓、發證和值班標準國際公約》 、 《 1974年國際海上人命安全公約》 、 《 1973 / 78年國際防止船舶造成污染公約》及其有關修正案、 《 1974年海上旅客及其行李運輸雅典公約》 、 《統一船舶碰撞某些法律規定的國際公約》等國際公約。 -
The author makes a comparative analysis of the provisions of the prc maritime code regulating the liability of the carrier for the death of or personal injury to a passenger and the corresponding solutions of foreign laws and international conventions. she seeks to establish to what degree the solutions of international conventions have been incorporated into the prc maritime code and predict to what degree the amendment of athens convention will impact the domestic law. at the international level the carrier ' s liability has been stated by the 1974 athens convention relating to the carriage of passengers and their luggage by sea ( athens convention )
《海商法》及其配套法規僅就海上旅客運輸合同中承運人對旅客人身傷亡損害賠償限額作出明確的規定，我國法律和實務界對海上旅客人身傷亡損害的賠償范圍沒有作出明確規定，故作者對運輸過程中應由承運人負責的旅客人身傷亡的金錢損害賠償和精神損害賠償展開討論，參照外國和國內的相關法律制度，明確其賠償范圍和具體的計算方法。 -
Studying on general law principle, up - date views in maritime circle as well as the shipping practice, the article is written to research the possibility and reality of the second shipper and offers own opinion on its role in contract of carriage of goods by sea, trying to achieve better understanding on law application towards this issue, hoping to find out the true profile of law which could smooth the practice
本文通過一般法律原則，現有的海商法理論以及航運業務的實踐來論證第二種托運人現象的可能性和現實性，並就此提出了自己的看法，著重解決第二種托運人的法律適用問題，分析了法律適用時必須在航運業務中予以澄清的若干問題。試圖通過這一思考過程，能對《海商法》的定義有更清晰的認識，並希望以此減少一些在實際業務中對相關問題的困惑。 -
In england carriage of goods by sea acts do not apply to voyage charter parties. the parties cancel the voyage charter parties according to the regulations of contract law. in china we must apply the contract law of prc, the maritime code of prc and the regulations on domestic carriage of goods by water correctly
在英國法中，關于海上貨物運輸的成文立法並不適用於航次租船合同，解決航次租船合同的解除問題完全依賴一般合同法原則;在中國法中，應注意正確適用《海商法》 、 《國內水路貨物運輸規則》和《合同法》 。 -
The views " the contract of international carriage of goods by sea has the characteristic of binding the third party " in maritime legal community are not correct. this view directly leads to the disputes in understanding the relevant articles of the chinese maritime code and the disputes in determining the person liable for not taking delivery of the goods at destination
海商法學界關于「國際海上貨物運輸合同具有約束第三方性質」的主張，並不是對于海上貨物運輸合同特徵的準確描述，但這一主張卻是導致在理解海商法相關條款上產生歧義、在司法實踐中確定目的港無人提貨主體時產生紛爭的重要根源。 -
The carrier may exercise the lien on goods by the manner of applying for seizure of the goods. but the law of special proceeding of maritime action stipulates that the subject matter of seizure should belong to the defendant, the provision restricts the manner of exercising the right of lien, so we can draw a conclusion that the provision is not reasonable. alteration and assignment of contracts the contract of carriage of goods by sea usually involves the benefits of a third party
四、合同的變更與轉讓問題，本文對絕大多數情況下均會涉及到第三人利益的運輸合同的變更和轉讓，結合海上貨物運輸合同的實踐作法分析了《合同法》有關規定對其的影響，五、不合理繞航問題， 《合同法》第九十四條第四項實質上是將根本違約作為合同解除事由加以規定，並以違約行為及其嚴重性作為判斷標準。
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