market loss 中文意思是什麼
market loss
解釋
市場損失-
Laws have been giving full play to the initiative and creativity of human being, and promoting human desire to wealth and increasing the social wealth by protecting their private wealth and assuring the market economy system ; granting the communitarian who fail to earn a life minimum material satisfaction, through restoring or compensating on their loss
法律通過對個人財產所有權的保護和市場經濟體制的確認，充分調動了人的勞動積極性和創造性，促進人們對財富的追求和社會財富的不斷增長，通過對公民財產損失的恢復和補救，對喪失生活來源的人的社會保障和救濟，提供給社會成員最低限度的物質滿足。 -
Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law
再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。 -
In order to suit for the changes and the requirements for market. to improve quality. to debase loss of energy, pangang iron and steel co. decides to change the " control system of planish wire - roll mill " of wire rod mill, the writer is the architect of this project
攀鋼線材廠"精軋線自動控制系統改造"是攀鋼根據市場需求，為了提高質量、降低能耗、擴大品種適應市場變化的情況提出的。 -
Because order needs, the company produces finished product from stock of the sale in domestic market on hong kong, next finished product enters export storehouse and with shipment of export finished product, among them, because stock of sale in domestic market is the cost that contains 17 % proliferous tax, export stock is not to contain 17 % proliferous tax, show me to if turn makings of sale in domestic market to expect as export, manage produce and the word of shipment, so i manage have to loss one part taxes
因訂單需要，公司從香港上內銷物料生產成品，然後成品入外銷倉並以外銷成品出貨，其中，因內銷物料是含17 %增殖稅的成本，外銷物料是不含17 %增殖稅，現我司如將內銷料轉作為外銷料生產並出貨的話，那麼我司就得損失一部分稅金。 -
Loss of local protectionism and market barriers
地方保護和市場分割的損失 -
Contingent capital is a relatively new type of convergence product, connecting insurance and capital markets. it is based on a contractual commitment to provide capital to a company after a specific adverse event occurs that causes financial distress. and contingent capital is designed more to sustain bussiness operations after a major loss. the aim is to prevent insolvency or a theat to planned investment projects due to a lack of disposable funds. these types of solution are especially suitable for hedging against extremely rare, but severe loss events. the market for contingent capital has existed since about 1995 and consists of about 16 deals so far, totaling usd 6 billion. and in the past the main purchasers of contingent capital solutions have usually been direct insurers and reinsurers
就現有的文獻資料顯示，截至2002年底，或有資本市場已經完成了16宗交易，交易總額達60億美元，大多數或有資本交易都是為保險公司和再保險公司服務的。隨著我國保險市場與國際市場的日益融合，國外保險公司參與國內保險市場的競爭，要想在國際化的激烈競爭中佔有一席之地，就需要跟上國際市場最前沿的發展，發揮后發優勢，充分利用已有的經驗和條件。因此，正確認識或有資本的重要作用和發展潛力，有計劃、有步驟地適時推出與我國國情相結合的或有資本工具，對做大做強中國保險業具有深遠的意義。 -
Facing the constantly changeable rival and customer ' s demands, enterprise is impelled to perfect its quality control system constantly, that raises the quality, reduces loss and increases benefits, so as to strengthen the adaptabilities to changes of the market and keep one ' s own competition strength
面對不斷變化的競爭對手和顧客需求，促使企業不斷完善質量控制系統，提高質量、減少損失、增加效益，增強適應市場變化的應變能力，以保持自己的競爭實力。 -
This methods is based on that when there is herding in stock market csad is going to become smaller. the results is when the markets dropping there is herding among investors, when the markets rising, there is no evidence of herding. the results prove my reasoning in section 3. why there is difference between bull and bear markets is due to investors " different attitudes towards loss and gains
通過對個股收益率分散程度指標橫截面絕對偏離度（ cross - sectionalabsolutedeviation ， csad ）和市場收益率之間的關系模型的回歸統計分析，本文發現：在市場行情上升的時候，市場中的羊群行為並不明顯；在市場行情下跌的時候，市場中存在明顯的羊群行為。 -
Out went maniche, plus the despondent eidur gudjohnsen and carlton cole, the unconvincing asier del horno plus damien duff, who was told he simply was not justifying his 70, 000 - a - week salary, and the homesick hernan crespo - the latter two with a combined transfer market loss of 29m
很快，事情立即變得清晰：他希望削短的不僅是自己的頭發：馬尼切走了，還有沮喪的古德約翰遜和卡爾頓?科爾，表現不佳的德爾奧爾諾加上被告知不配7萬英鎊周薪的達夫，還有想家的克雷斯波? ?后兩者加起來意味著切爾西在轉會市場上損失了2900萬英鎊。 -
On this basis, his theoretical risk since his order will be executed at the next quote is usd 400 and his available margin at the " stop loss " is usd 8, 600 the equivalent of usd 860, 000 for opening and covering positions on the market
他在市場上用一千美元融資買了相當於十萬美元的歐元，然後輸入了自動交割價在：當時的買價減0 . 0040 40點。 -
At present, the phenomena of lacking credit are very serious in our country. such behaviors are very popular : business swindle, selling fake commodities, breaching contract, being in debt among one another, enterprises have no the three necessities, enterprises that put their stock in market give false number on their property. the serious credit loss has become an important factor to decide whether the market can develop healthily or not
而我國目前「信用缺失」的現象十分嚴重：商業欺詐屢見不鮮、假冒偽劣久治不愈、毀約違法司空見慣、 「三角債」積重難返、 「三無」企業屢禁不止、上市公司虛報瞞報登峰造極… …嚴重的信用缺失已成為我國市場經濟能否進一步健康發展的瓶頸，盡快建立有效的信用體系是經濟發展迫在眉睫的需要。 -
Neither the bank, its associates, nor any of their directors, officers or employees, shall be liable to the customer for any expenses, loss or damage suffered by or occasioned to the customer by reason of any action taken or omitted to be taken by any one or all of the bank, its associates, their directors, officers, employees or agents pursuant to these conditions or in connection therewith other than as a result of the fraud, wilful default or negligence of the bank, its associates, their directors, officers, employees or agents ; the bank s failure in good faith to honour any stop - payment instructions given by the customer ; the presentation to the bank of any cheque or other payment order which is post - dated ; the bank failing to honour any draft drawn on it by the customer, but the bank shall immediately return such draft to the customer through the normal channels giving the reason for the dishonour ; any loss, damage, destruction or misdelivery of or to the securities howsoever caused unless the same shall result from the negligence of, or theft by, the bank or its associates or any of their directors, officers or employees, in which event the extent of the liability of the bank shall be limited to the market value of such securities at the date of discovery of the loss and even if the bank has been advised of the possibility of such loss or damage ; unauthorised use or forging of any authorised signature as a result of the negligence, wilful default or fraud of the customer ; subject to condition 5. 5, any act or omission, or insolvency of, any person not associated with the bank including, without limitation, a third party nominee or depositary ; viii the collection or deposit or crediting to the custodian accounts of invalid, fraudulent or forged securities or any entry in the custodian accounts which may be made in connection therewith ; any malfunction of, or error in the transmission of information caused by, any electrical or mechanical machine or system or any interception of communication facilities, abnormal operating conditions, labour difficulties, acts of god, or any similar or dissimilar causes beyond the reasonable control of the bank and notwithstanding paragraph, the error, failure, negligence, act or omission of any other person, system, institution or payment infrastructure
本行其聯系人士其各董事高級人員或雇員均毋須向客戶因以下理由而使客戶蒙受或產生之任何開支損失或虧損負責： i本行其聯系人士其董事高級人員雇員或代理人根據此等條件採取或遺漏採取有關之行動，但由於本行其聯系人士其董事高級人員雇員或代理人之欺詐行為故意失責或疏忽所造成者除外ii本行本真誠地未能依約替客戶執行止付指示iii向本行提交任何遠期支票或其他付款指示iv本行未能兌現由客戶開出之匯票，但本行將立即透過正常渠道將該匯票退回客戶，並解釋拒付之理由v無論如何導致之任何證券之損失損毀毀壞或錯誤交付除非上述各項乃因本行或其聯系人士或其任何董事高級人員或雇員之疏忽或盜竊所引致，而在該等情況下，本行的責任將只限於在發現損失當日該等證券之市值，以及即使本行已獲知該等賠償之可能性vi因客戶之疏忽故意失責或欺詐行為而導致的任何偽造授權簽名或不獲授權使用該簽名vii在第5 . 5 a條之規限下，與本行無關者之任何行動或遺漏或無償債能力包括但不限於第三者代名人或寄存處viii代收或存入或貸存於保管人賬戶的無效偽造或假冒證券或在保管人賬戶記入可能與此有關之賬項ix任何電子機械或系統失靈或因該等機件或系統產生的資料傳送錯誤或任何通訊設施之終斷不正常操作情況勞工問題天災或非本行所能合理控制之任何類似或非類似原因及x盡管有第ix項，任何其他人系統機構或付款設施的錯誤故障疏忽行動或遺漏。 -
At first, from the motive of listed comoany " s handle profit. the listed company will produce keen motive of manipulate profit in order to get the right of gathering the funds from the public market, in order to avoid loss the right of gathering funds from the public market because of consecutive three year ' s loss in business, in order to attain the qualifications to gather the funds from public continually, in order to match the banker to manipulate the stock price to acquire the exorbitant profits, in order to get the interest of the management layer
首先，從上市公司利潤操縱行為的動機看，上市公司為了取得上市向公眾募集資金的權利、為了提高發行價格盡可能多地募集資金、為了避免連續三年虧損而被摘牌喪失向公眾募集資金的權利、為了達到配股資格線繼續向公眾募集資金、為了配合莊家操縱股價牟取暴利、為了管理層自身利益等目的，在相關政策法規不完善的情況下，產生了強烈的操縱利潤的動機。 -
According to the 2002 survey, in shanghai and shenzhen stock market, the listed companies ’ total number of expropriated funds was nearly one hundred billion yuan and averagely one hundred and forty three million yuan of funds was occupied by majority shareholders for each listed company ; in the two - consecutive - year of loss - making companies, 70 % of the which were expropriated by controlling shareholders ; in the 15 delisted companies, one of the most important reasons for failure was their controlling shareholders ’ expropriation. the behavior that majority shareholders expropriate listed companies ’ fund is a kind of " tunneling " which refers to the act that controlling shareholders transfer the listed companies ’ properties or profits out for their own benefits. on this issue, this dissertation attempts to answer : 1. what is the governance characteristics of listed companies that are easily expropriated assets by majority shareholders
本文對上述兩個問題進行了全面而系統的理論分析和實證研究，研究結果表明: 1 .第一大股東的持股比例與大股東資產侵佔比例負相關，第一大股東的持股比例越低，資產侵佔越多; 2 .第一大股東持股比例一定的情況下，第二至第五大股東的持股比例與大股東資產侵佔比例負相關，第二至第五大股東的持股比例越高，資產侵佔越少; 3 .經營性的控股股東比非經營性的控股股東更易侵佔上市公司的資產; 4 .非國有企業控制的上市公司被大股東侵佔資產的比例高於國有企業控制的公司; 5 .外部董事的比例與資產侵佔比例負相關，外部董事的比例越高，資產侵佔越少; 6 .大股東的資產侵佔行為對上市公司的業績有顯著的負面影響。 -
The moral predicament during the transformational period of the society is prominently manifested in the loss of the standard for moral evaluation, the confusion of value - orientation, the overflow of immoralism, the weakening of morality - regulating mechanism of the society, and the distortion of moral education, etc. these predicaments seriously hinder the development of socialist material and spiritual civilizations, and its appearance is inseperable from the specific social and historical circumstances of the transformational period ; meanwhile, the negative effect resulting from the initially established market economy, cultural changes, cultural mingling and conflict, and the choice of moral subject all contribute to the moral crisis of china presently
社會轉型期道德困境突出表現為道德評價失范、價值取向紊亂、非道德主義泛濫、社會道德控制機制弱化和道德教育扭曲變形等幾個方面。這些困境，嚴重妨礙著社會主義物質文明和精神文明的發展，它的產生，和轉型期這個特定的社會歷史條件是分不開的；同時，我國初步建立市場經濟所帶來的負效應，文化的變遷、文化的交融與沖突及道德主體自身的選擇也是導致當前中國社會道德危機的重要原因。 -
In the development of our country ’ s insurance intermediary market, the development of insurance loss adjustment is backward compared to insurance agent and broker
在我國目前的保險中介市場發展中，保險公估的發展相對于保險代理和保險經紀來說，是相對落後的。 -
Investment loss of a non - investment company, engaged in short - term or long - term investments, including unrealized loss on investments based on the lower of cost - or - market method, and loss recognized when making long - term investments, under the equity method based on the investor ' s percentage of ownership in the investee company ' s current period net losses
凡非以投資為業之公司，因從事短期及長期投資，在按成本與市價孰低法評價時所認列之未實現跌價損失，或從事長期投資，在依權益法按持股比例認列被投資公司本期虧損時所認列之投資損失屬之。 -
Market loss on securities
證券跌價損失 -
The paper focus on three aspects of transmission management of electricity market, loss allocation, transmission cost allocation and congestion management
本文著重從三個方面對電力市場傳輸管理問題進行了探討，即損耗分攤、輸電費用分配和阻塞管理。 -
Country policy impact, energy financing operational, markets, credits risks, avoid trillion market loss, saving billion dollar supply chain, energy costs and energy process and policy de - bottlenecking
中美資金緊縮加息及能源貨幣財經政策對通膨利率匯率經濟成長影響前瞻預測避險策略
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