market-price-based method 中文意思是什麼
market-price-based method
解釋
市價基礎法-
Currently, many problems are as follows : some people and engineers sometimes confuse or mistake so many conceptions and meanings of the price of construction product as to lead to troubles ; the cost of the construction product in the construction - auction - bid cannot be ascertained definitely ; the method of shop - drawing budget which is based on budget - ration cannot form effective market competition and market price of construction product. the management system of construction cost is not perfect
目前建築產品價格及價格形成中存在以下問題：有關主管部門和少數工程人員有時混淆建築產品價格相關概念及其內涵，產生諸多誤解，以致造成工作上的摩擦；對建築工程招標投標中建築產品成本內涵界定不清晰；以預算定額為依據的施工圖預算方式難以形成有效的市場競爭以及形成建築產品的市場價格；當前未能形成完善的工程造價管理體制。 -
Based on the santa fe artificial stock market, the simulated experiments of different markets include market clear mechanism, price limited mechanism, and dividend mechanism markets are implement. and the bubble and frangibility of stock market are also studied by this method. the satisfactory results are gotten
在聖塔菲人工市場的基礎上，我們分別對價格出清機制、漲跌停限制制度、股利制度，泡沫成因和股票市場的脆弱性進行了實驗研究，並取得了較為滿意的結果。 -
First, a new methodological framework is developed for investigating the optimal strategies of maintenance scheduling for generating units with risk well taken into account, based on the widely employed power pool mode and the uniform clearing price. two scenarios are examined in detail, i. e., for the two cases that the generation company studied is / is not a price taker in the electricity market operation. based on the electricity market clearing prices estimated, a new methodological framework is presented, mathematical models formulated and a solving method developed
以國內外廣為採用的聯營體模式、統一市場清算價結算的現貨電力市場為背景，在假設市場電價可以預測並能夠描述為某種概率分佈的前提下，採用方差或標準差來描述和度量風險；建立了相應的優化模型，為發電公司在制定發電機組的檢修計劃時適當兼顧利潤損失的期望值最小和風險最小這兩個目標提供了新的解決途徑。 -
In the meanwhile, the development of bill market can be focused on the transaction participants, transaction tools, transaction price and transaction method, and therefore, it is suggested that we should draw out the development strategies based on the four aspects, such as expanding the variety of transaction tools, promoting the role of market intermediaries, regulating market transaction and establishing technology - supporting system
同時，票據市場模式要重點解決交易主體、交易工具、交易價格和交易方式問題，因此，應該從這四個方面來綜合制訂我國票據發展策略，如發展票據市場工具，擴大交易品種，發揮票據市場中介的作用，逐步擴大市場交易主體，規范票據交易秩序，建立票據業務信息和技術支持系統等。 -
The thesis summarizes the basic theories of price discrimination, expatiated on the multi - class differential pricing method and dynamic differential pricing theory ; concludes the factors that have impacts on tickets - price, analyses and classfies the factors ; brings forward a canonical method of market segmentation, introduces the process of market segmentation based on the model of gray relative level, discusses the idiographic measure of ticket - price control ; improves the academic achievements of former scholars, puts forward a model of multi - class dynamic differential pricing for the air passenger transport, which is based on the maximum revenue for the airline industry, and gives a approximate arithmetic of the model, then showes the application of the model and its feasibility on increasing airline industry ’ s revenue by 25 models
在對民航定價的國內外研究現狀進行綜述的基礎上，從經濟學角度介紹差別定價的基本理論，闡述民航客運的多等級差別定價理論和動態差別定價理論;對民航票價的影響因素進行分類說明;作為多等級定價的基礎，提出市場細分的標準和方法，用灰色關聯度模型解決航空旅客市場細分問題，並提出票價控制的具體措施;引入一種旅客到達頻率預測的統計方法，以航空公司收益最大化為目標，建立基於多等級定價基礎上的動態差別定價模型，即多等級動態差別定價模型，給出模型的遞歸演算法，通過對動態差別定價模型的運行結果進行分析，建立模型的一種近似模型，並且用25個簡單算例說明模型的用法以及在提高航空公司收益方面的可行性。 -
Based on netomac, a software package for power system simulation, the model and algorithm of pre - dispatch schedule in generation markets, excitation system parameter setting, and power system small signal stability anaylsis are studied in this thesis. the main work is as follows : a model of pre - dispatch schedule is proposed, whose target is to minimize the market purchasing price ( mpp ) in the whole pre - dispatch period. then according to the characteristics of pre - dispatch schedule, the model of pre - dispatch schedule is simplified to minimize the mpp in each pre - dispatch time, and a three - step algorithm of pre - dispatch schedule is designed : dealing with the optimal problem in the whole period of pre - dispatch with static planning method, solving the problem of combination of machines with pr1 method, resolving problem of optimal power flow ( opf ) with modified powell method
本文基於netomac模擬軟體，以發電市場預調度計劃模型及演算法、勵磁系統參數整定和電力系統小擾動穩定性分析為研究內容，主要做了以下工作：建立了以整個預調度計劃周期內的市場購電價格最小為目標的發電市場預調度計劃模型，並根據預調度計劃問題狀態數多、變量多、混合整數、非解析的特點，將預調度計劃模型的目標函數簡化為各時段的市場清算電價最小，設計了三段式預調度演算法：用靜態規劃法求解整個預調度計劃周期內的優化問題；用優先級法求解機組組合問題；用改進的powell法求解最優潮流問題。 -
In the first chapter, we narrate the characteristic of convertible bond, give some clues about development and actuality of the market and its pricing theory ; in the second chapter, we introduce modeling idea and some material problems in the model in detail, draw the yield curve which is very important to the model by spline method ; in the third chapter, we first explain the basic idea and convergent speed of monte carlo method, then, give the mathematical description for financial market, prove equivalence of non - arbitrage market, existence of risk neutral probability measure in the market and the price process of underlying asset is a martingale ; in the forth section, we introduce how to simulate stock price path by monte carlo method in detail, based on foregoing result, we prove the path is a martingale, thereby, the model is logical
本文第一章先對可轉債的特點、市場發展和現狀及其定價理論的發展和現狀作一概述;第二章詳細介紹了建模思想和模型中的一些具體問題，利用spline方法繪出了在模型中具有重要作用的收益曲線;第三章首先敘述了montecarlo方法的基本思想和有關其收斂速度的一些性質，然後從數學的角度給出了對金融市場的描述，證明了市場無套利、市場存在風險中性概率測度及標的資產價格過程為鞅的等價性;在第四節中，對用montecarlo方法模擬的帶跳股價路徑作了詳細介紹，並利用前兩節的結論證明了模擬的帶跳股價路徑為一個鞅過程，從而保證了模型在理論上的合理性。 -
In order to set up the compensation standard of land value which is the key problem in the reform of land expropriation system at present, the paper aims at probing the rational, valid and operational method of calculating the compensation of land expropriation, finding the rational way to compensate the land value and reestablishing the land expropriation system of china. after comparing the domestic and international land expropriation system and the way of establish the compensation standard, the paper confirms that the land expropriation system and the compensation standard of china should be reformed at three aspects : confirming farmland ' s property rights, defining of the range of land expropriation and making a price market - based. based on even chance of property right, introducing the market mechanism and ownership market into land expropriation system, the paper raises the viewpoint of setting up the farmland ' s development right
通過國內外土地徵用制度及補償標準確定方式的對比，明確了我國土地徵用制度及補償標準改革要從農地產權、征地范圍界定、市場化定價三個方面著手；從產權平等的角度分析了征地制度中引入市場機制的重要性以及建立所有權市場的可能性，提出了增設農地發展權的觀點；通過界定發展權的歸屬，指明補償標準確定的價值取向，重建我國地價補償標準體系? ?基於產權平等的公平補償體系，包括公益性徵用和非公益性徵用補償；在耕地資源價值構成研究的基礎上，提出了耕地資源價值由經濟產出價值，社會保障價值和生態服務價值構成，並通過外部性理論、生態系統價值評價方法、工農業「剪刀差」等的研究，重構了公益性徵用的地價補償構成及量化方法；在此基礎上概算了全國2000年公益性徵用中地價補償價格；通過地租理論對土地轉用增值空間定性定量研究，重建了非公益性徵用中地價補償的構成，並指出在我國特定條件下，非公益性徵用補償是非公益性用地逐漸退出徵用過程轉向市場化配置的過渡。 -
After 1991, the distribution of national debts took a measure of contract and being responsible to sell it, especially in 1996 and 1997 the method of public bidding is introduced into the issue of national debt, the commodity characteristics of national debts got an excellent reflection. in 2003 the way of national debts issue was adjusted, one of the important contents is based on the simple price " holland bidding ", several other prices system like " american bidding " was added to the measure of national debts bidding, this measure will have a deep influence on the national debts market
1991年後，國債發行採用承購包銷的方式，特別在1996年和1997年招標發行方式被引入國債的發行中，國債的商品屬性得到很好的體現； 2003年的國債發行方式做出了一定的調整，其中一個重要內容是記賬式國債招標方式在原先單一價格的「荷蘭式」招標的基礎上增添多個價格的「美國式」招標方式，這個舉措將對國債市場產生深遠的影響。 -
Then, using the qulititve methods, the marketing management operation is analyzed and researched comprehensively, the main reasons of bad sales, which are unreasonable design, higher price and single promotion means, are found out. using ism ( interpretive structure model ) method, the key factors influenced the project ' s marketing, which are product, price and promotion, are analyzed. according to the characteristics of office blocks, segment variants of the target market are defined ; the target customers of the project are selected based on the statistical primary futures of target customers
接著運用定性分析的方法，對西安財富中心寫字樓項目營銷管理運行狀況進行了全面的分析和研究，找出了本項目銷售不暢的主要原因在於產品設計不合理、產品定價過高、市場推廣手段單一等三方面；運用解釋結構模型（ ism ）分析法，對影響西安財富中心寫字樓項目營銷的關鍵因素進行了分析，確定了該項目營銷的關鍵因素在於產品、價格、市場推廣三方面；根據寫字樓產品的特點，明確了目標市場的細分變量，統計出目標客戶的基本特徵，確定了西安財富中心寫字樓項目的目標客戶。 -
In this thesis, we put forward floating ratio pricing method. it is a way by the searching pricing function of market to find a fair price that can be accepted by each side. based of this, we get the model to estimate the reduction speed and the reluctant tactic
因此本文提出了浮動比率定價漸進減持的方案，利用市場尋價功能去發現一個公平的能為各方接受的價格，並提出了建立減持速度估計模型的方法以及相關的政策建議。 -
New method based on analogous theory and neural network for market clearing price forecasting
用相似性原理及人工神經網路預測電價 -
Based on the above - mentioned analysis, we use the theoretical knowledge of project management to elaborate the various possibilities to resolve the problems, and then put forward effective countermeasures, which include analyzing the competition strength of retapase in the biopharmaceutical industry ; evaluating the resources of the fdzj company and its competition strength by using the swot analysis method, collecting the market information by questionnaire survey, interview and document retrieval of domestic and internal literatures. after this, we predict the market requirement and the price of the rctapasc and propose to set up a project management team which can control the r & d, production, sales, finance and affair communicating personnel systematically
本文在深刻剖析上述問題的基礎上，運用項目管理方面的理論知識，充分闡述問題的解決方案，給予了有效的對策。其中包括：項目行業與競爭力分析，運用swot分析法評估公司資源和競爭能力，通過書面調查、訪談及查閱國內外相關文獻等方式收集市場信息，在此基礎上，進行項目的市場需求量預測，價格預測。成立集研發、生產、銷售、財務及公關人才於一身的項目團隊管理項目，並採用強矩陣結構，集合直線制與職能制的優勢，對全體員工實行股份期權激勵，使員工利益與項目形成命運共同體。 -
The technical and economic evaluation of thin - type spunbond nonwoven project has mainly finished the following research work : ( 1 ) utilize the theory and method of < marketing > for market investigation, research and forecast, analyze the developing trend and market requirement of the nonwocen abroad and at home, conduct quantitative forecast for raw materials and product price, and explain that during the essential period when liaoyang petrochemical company regulates the structure of industries and product and remodels the main business items, selecting to build up the production device for thin - type spunbond nonwoven is suitable. ( 2 ) introduce techniques of different companies to form different schemes. after analyzing the features of various schemes in the thesis, through building up the target system of four levels and utilize technical comprehensive evaluating way to conduct technical evaluation of four schemes for the thin - type spunbond nonwoven project and get the prior sequence from schemes d, b, a to c. ( 3 ) different technical schemes have various cash circulation amounts, economic evaluation is first based on evaluating and confirming feasibility of each scheme by the single scheme finance, select and use the method of multiple schemes comparison selecting - inutual repelling type multiple schemes optimization, select introducing the scheme of d company technique as the optimum, then conduct undetermined analysis to further test and verify feasibility of schemes
闡明了遼化公司在調整產業結構和產品結構、重塑主營業務的關鍵時期選擇建設8000噸年薄型紡粘非織造布生產裝置是適宜的； （ 2 ）引進不同公司的技術形成了不同的方案，論文在分析了各方案的特點后，通過建立四個層次的指標體系，運用技術綜合評價的方法，對薄型紡粘非織造布項目的四個方案進行技術評價，確定了丁方案、乙方案、甲方案到丙方案的優先順序； （ 3 ）不同的技術方案有不同的現金流量，經濟評價首先在單方案財務評價確認各方案可行的基礎上，選用多方案比選? ?互斥型多方案選優的方法，選擇引進丁公司技術的方案最優，而後，又進行了不確定性分析，進一步驗證方案的可行性。 -
Based on the characteristics and connotation of forest ecosystem services, the physical and value assessment methods, including market value method, shadow engineering price method, production cost method, opportunity cost method and administering expenditure method, were used to evaluate forest ecosystem services in yashushan natural reserve
摘要根據福建寧化牙梳山自然保護區森林生態系統的特徵和森林生態系統服務功能的內涵，採用物質量和價值量相結合的評價方法，使用市場價值法、影子工程價格法、生產成本法、機會成本法、治理費用法等定量評價了寧化牙梳山自然保護區森林生態系統服務功能經濟價值。 -
This new effective control method makes agc system in the big area power grid reach cps / dcs standards. the mathematic model of the electricity market of agc is proposed in chapter 4. this paper developed a framework for new market structure to understand agc implementation in the price - based operation
第四章分析了大區互聯電網agc在電力市場下數學模型，模擬了在電力市場各種運行條件下對系統的動態響應，尤其是發電公司、配電公司違約對系統頻率的影響。 -
Based on the factual situation of our country, computation formulae for the three parts are determined respectively. particularly a dynamic computation method is presented to calculate the water price for water supply project. yearly changes in water supply cost are considered, and time value for capital and economical market traits are included in this method
並結合我國實際情況，給出水價三個組成部分的計算公式，並提出一種供水工程水價的動態計算方法，該方法充分考慮逐年供水費用的變化，體現了資金的時間價值和市場經濟的特點。 -
Abstract : guided by the theory of environmental economy, the basic ideology and method of e conomic analysis in coal - mine - aroused subsided and subsiding land reclaiming a re presented based on the analysis of economic characters of coal - mine - aroused subsided and subsiding land reclamiming. it is pointed out that the following fa ctors must be considered : the ecology benefit of reclaiming, the value of land re s ource before and after reclaiming, the sensibility of finacial benefits to market price and the time value of money. three typical reclaiming styles in kailuan co al mine, tangshan are studied as a case
文摘:將環境經濟學引入復墾活動的分析和評價，著重考慮了復墾的生態社會效益、復墾土地資源的價值、市場價格變化對復墾經濟收益的影響和復墾效益對時間的依賴性，以期為復墾項目的選擇和相關政策的制定提供經濟方面的依據和指導.並以唐山市開灤煤礦3種典型的塌陷地生態復墾模式為例進行了分析，結果表明，將環境經濟學引入復墾模式的分析和評價，可以比較全面反映復墾活動的經濟特徵 -
For international transfers, the most frequently used method was full product cost plus a markup, market price, market price less selling expenses, and negotiated prices. this report supports the contingency - theory approach that companies choose a method based on what is perceived as optimal in their particular situation
從五家跨國公司的面談研究所得：五個案研究公司?使用他們獨特的方法，結論結果支持權變理論法（ contingencytheoryapproach ） ，企業按個別情況選出他們的特定環境的最理想之最佳定價法。 -
Based on the requirement of china telecommunication business, studies the demanding space for china telecommunication equipment market from telephone business, mobile business, data business and other telecommunication business developing trend, and explores new opportunities by the development of telecommunication technology. the essay also analyzes some effects on the telecommunication equipment market by the reform of china telecommunication business, identifies the main customers to nortel in china market ; clarifies the main competitors of nortel in china with respect to the product, price, service, market share and so on. the essay also educes m the competitive superiority and weakness of nortelnetworks in china market, and analyzes the challenges and opportunities for nortelnetworks to develop china market with swot method
本文介紹了北電網路在中國市場的宏觀環境和微觀環境，根據中國通信業務的需求情況，從固定電話業務、移動電話業務、數據業務等主要的電信業務發展趨勢來研究通信設備市場的需求空間，從通信技術的發展研究通信設備市場新的機會；初步分析了中國加入wto和中國電信行業改革對中國通信設備市場的影響，明確了北電網路在中國市場的主要顧客；以產品為界，從技術、價格、服務、市場佔有等方面確定了北電網路開拓中國市場的主要競爭對手，並與競爭對手進行了對比分析，採用swot方法分析了北電網路在中國市場競爭的優勢和劣勢，以及北電網路開拓中國市場的機會和面臨的挑戰。
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