monetary and financial crisis 中文意思是什麼
monetary and financial crisis
解釋
貨幣及金融危機-
Much of recent literature on emerging markets crisis highlights the limited financial development of these economies and the severe credit squeeze experienced by local firms during crises. from this structure, two opposing arguments are commonly made regarding optimal monetary policy. extrapolating from developed economy credit channel analysis, some advocate an expansionary monetary policy to offset the effect of the credit squeeze during downturns
本文通過引入caballero和krishnamurthy2004年發展起來的「信用渠道和保險動機模型」來分析貨幣危機中貨幣政策抵補外部資本緊縮的機制，從而回答上述問題，並對新興市場國家採取正確的貨幣政策防範貨幣危機提出政策建議，最後總結治理貨幣危機的經驗。 -
The second chapter analyzes the definition on financial crisis in 《 the new palgrave economic dictionary 》 and classifies the financial crisis of close conditions, which relying on discussions about the monetary / currency theories of marxism economic and western economic, and the practical currency 、 the currency system and the monetary policy
第二章在對馬克思主義經濟學和西方主流經濟學的貨幣理論和現實中的貨幣、貨幣制度和貨幣政策進行了討論的基礎上，分析了《新帕爾格雷夫經濟學大詞典》對金融危機的定義，對封閉條件下金融危機進行了分類。 -
Michel camdessus, the managing director of the international monetary fund, described the mexican peso collapse of 1994 - 5 and the international rescue effort that is prompted as " the first financial crisis of the 21st century "
1992 - 3年歐洲貨幣體系危機不久， 1994 ? 1995年墨西哥金融危機接踵而至，僅僅兩年之隔的1997年，眾多國家就陷入「亞洲風暴」的肆虐中。 -
In the financial crisis of east asia in 1997, the defects in economic field verified that keeping very independent monetary policy has been out - of - date tradition. it should be an important topic to strengthen the monetary and finance cooperation in east asia region and build international monetary cooperation pattern owning to this region
97年東亞金融危機中，東亞國家在經濟領域暴露出的問題也說明了保持嚴格獨立的貨幣主權已成為舊的傳統觀念，加強區域內貨幣金融方面的協調和合作，構建本地區的國際貨幣合作模式，應該成為今後東亞貨幣合作研究的重要課題。 -
First - generation monetary crisis theories emphasize the key role of actual economic factors in contributing to crises while second - generation theories lay mole stress on the randomness and uncertainty of financial crises ; the theories based on financial intermediaries explain the specific mechanism for the occurrence and evolution of banking crises ; financial crises in emerging market economies have to do with their initial conditions for development and chosen institutional paths of reform and evolution ; the international contagion of financial crises cannot be ignored against the background of financial market globalization
第一代貨幣危機理論強調實際經濟因素導致危機出現的關鍵作用，而第二代貨幣危機理論更注重危機的隨機性以及不確定性；基於金融中介的危機理論解釋了銀行業危機生發、演化的具體機理；新興市場經濟國家的金融危機具有與發展的初始條件和選擇的制度改革與演化路徑有關的特定原因；金融市場全球化背景下的金融危機具有不容忽略的國際傳遞性。 -
Financial and monetary crisis
金融貨幣危機 -
To the 34th annual meeting of the asian development bank held in honolulu this morning 11 may, hong kong time, mr norman chan, deputy chief executive of the hong kong monetary authority, said that the asian financial crisis had led to massive destruction of wealth and made the work of poverty reduction in asia more daunting and more pressing
時說，亞洲金融危機令區內財富大幅減少，令解決亞洲貧窮問題的工作更加困難及更形迫切。他贊揚亞銀在致力解決區內貧窮問題及促進結構改革方面貢獻良多，並吁請亞銀進一步注視區內金融體系的結構重整。 -
Thesis designs a scheme to push forward for the monetary cooperation in east asia, that is to establish east asian exchange rate stability fund and east asian exchange rate mechanism of pegging combinational monetary basket. the aim is to seek a kind of sustainable exchange rate steady, evade the risk of the financial crisis and balance the cost and income in monetary cooperation of various countries
論文為東亞貨幣合作設計了一個向前推進的方案，即建立東亞匯率合作基金和釘住混合貨幣籃的匯率合作機制，以此尋求一種可持續的匯率穩定，規避金融危機的風險，平衡各國在貨幣合作中的成本和收益。 -
By pursuing the principle of stimulating domestic demand and adopting the proactive fiscal policy and the sound monetary policy in good time, we overcame the adverse effects the asian financial crisis and world economic fluctuations had on china, and maintained a relatively rapid economic growth
實施擴大內需的方針，適時採取積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策，克服亞洲金融危機和世界經濟波動對我國的不利影響，保持了經濟較快增長。 -
And then he briefly analyzes the possible changes of universal monetary pattern in future, explains that it can or not be a new universal money. laying foundation on these analyses, it defines international financial crisis and classifies it into two kinds as follows : the first one is due to internationalized fluctuation of exchange
在這些分析討論的基礎上，本章定義了國際金融危機，並將其分為兩類：第一類國際金融危機是指由於現有經濟體制發生局部性運轉不靈而引起的帶有國際影響的匯率波動。 -
This system stood the test of asian financial crisis, but it has the problem of " administering more, floating little ". this restricts the independency of monetary policy, impact the competitiveness of exporting products, form the situation that foreign exchange reserve can only increase, temper with the function of foreign exchange market. there is necessary to reform the managing floating system of rmb and make exchange rate reflect more demand and supply in market
這一體制雖然經受了亞洲金融危機的考驗，但仍然存在著「管理」多、 「浮動」少的問題，制約了貨幣政策的獨立性，影響了我國產品的出口競爭力，也使我國的外匯儲備形成能上不能下的格局，並且影響了外匯市場作用的正常發揮。 -
At beginning of chapter one, since there is no generally accepted definition of financial stability, i give my definition of financial stability as the stable functioning of the intermediaries and markets that make up the financial system, and it is quite different from monetary stability, bank soundness, financial crisis and the same etc. the classical economics such as " debt - liquidation theory " by irving fisher and " financial instability hypothesis " by hyman minsky does not provide rich set of paradigms for analyzing the nature and consequences of financial instability
金融穩定是金融機構的穩健經營和資產市場的平穩運行。它與貨幣穩定、銀行穩定、金融危機等相關概念有著很大區別，不能夠混為一談。傳統經濟學對金融穩定的理論闡述主要有irvingfisher （ 1933 ）的債務?緊縮理論和hymanminsky （ 1972 ， 1985 ， 1991 ）的金融不穩定假說等。 -
If the various measures introduced to strengthen financial systems after the asian financial crisis had not been in place, and if asian economies had not been in a recovery phase at this time, the impact of this volatility in fund flows could well have threatened monetary and financial stability in the region
假使亞洲金融危機過后並未推行各項鞏固金融體系的措施，而亞洲經濟體系在此時刻亦未復甦，這次資金流向變化便很可能已令區內的貨幣及金融穩定受到影響。 -
Financial crisis always suddenly breaks out and brings terrible damages, and counter - crisis measures are often harmful to the economic development at least in the short term, in some cases, these policies are even counter - productive, so the domestic prevention of crisis is the best solution. it is advisable for imf to absorb the reasonable elements from the criticisms for a better role in the international monetary system
針對現行貸款機制的缺點，作者提出金融危機的國內預防是關鍵，並闡述了imf條件性貸款機制的改革方向，即面對運行環境的改變完善其理論基礎，加深對資本流動的認識，完善決策機制，增加自身財力，積極促進國際合作。 -
Chapter two analyzes the background of asian financial crisis, such as the shortcoming of asian pattern and washington consensus, etc. then the author analyzes the necessity, possibility and obstacle of east asian monetary cooperation, explores the theoretical costs and benefits of east asian monetary cooperation by using the hamada graph and the game theory
第二章從東亞模式的缺陷、華盛頓共識等入手，分析了亞洲金融危機的深層次背景，並在此基礎上，對東亞貨幣合作的必要性與可能性、障礙等進行了較為全面的分析，進而運用哈馬達圖和博弈論方法，對東亞貨幣合作的成本和收益進行了比較深入的理論探討。 -
It also strengthens the ability of individual jurisdictions to deal with a financial crisis. the asian financial crisis has certainly underlined the strategic need to build up foreign reserves as ammunition for possible and perhaps, in these days of globalisation, probable battles in the fight for monetary and financial stability. the way we defended ourselves during 1997 - 98 supported this view
外匯儲備亦有助加強應付金融危機的能力：亞洲金融危機已清楚顯示從戰略角度考慮，我們必須積存外匯儲備作為彈藥，隨時備戰，以維持貨幣及金融穩定，更何況在全球經濟一體化的形勢下，爆發危機的可能性比以前更大。 -
The extensive, lasting international short - term capital flows into has risen the system fragility of bank in the developing country, increased the fluctuation and uncertainty of the financial market, aggravated the degree on the economic foamlization, limited the validity of monetary policy, and may cause the international payments crisis, thus make the financial system of the country in the non - balanced state of globalization
大規模的、持續的國際短期資本流入使得發展中國家的銀行體系脆弱性上升，金融市場的波動性和不確定性增加，經濟的泡沫化程度加劇，貨幣政策有效性受限，並有可能導致國際收支危機，從而使國家的金融體系處于整體性的非均衡狀態。
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