monopoly price 中文意思是什麼

monopoly price 解釋
壟斷價格
  • monopoly : n 1 壟斷[獨占]（權） 專利（權） （of 〈美國〉 on）。2 壟斷[專利]公司；獨占[專利]事業。3 專利品。 ...
  • price : n 普賴斯〈姓氏〉。n 1 價格，價錢；市價；代價；費用。2 報酬；懸賞；交換物；〈美俚〉錢；（為取得某...
  1. Government ' s monopoly of capital market also leaded to the " shell " value of listed company which is irrelative to the company ' s invest value, which made the higher general price in the market. in addition to, the structure of investors which is consisting of many individual investors and few institution investors lets it easy to manipulate the stock market for the institution investors. according to the origins of the systematic risk, it is necessary to improve the market mechanism and market efficiency to eliminate the system root of the risk to decrease the risks

    突出地表現在：資本市場服務于國企轉制，造成上市公司股權結構存在缺陷，致使公司治理失效，上市公司缺乏持續發展的能力，公司經營風險轉化為市場的系統性風險；政府對資本市場準入的行政性壟斷，形成上市公司「殼」價值，虛高股票市場價格，引發系統性風險；金融市場分割，特別是貨幣市場資金缺乏進入資本市場的正常渠道，利率市場化水平低，影響金融資產定價，導致違規融資盛行，加大了市場風險；而由於市場監管不到位，以散戶為主的投資主體結構，則易導致機構大戶利用內幕信息操縱股價，機構投資者的發展不僅沒有成為穩定市場的力量，反而成為操縱市場的主力，加劇了市場波動。
  2. Viewing from the supplying system of the aviation oil, and owing to the lacking of restrictions of the aviation supply market, two biggest petrolic monopoly communities have to comply with the petroleum price set by the government. although the affluxing market of aviation oil is run by caoac and other regional aviation companies, each airport has only one aviation oil company to supply it with aviation materials. the aviation companies have no rights to make their choices

    但隨著我國市場化進程的加快，這種體制帶來的問題日顯突出：由於航油供應市場的上游沒有放開，兩大石油集團壟斷國內資源，航油出廠價由國家統一制定，航油的加註市場雖由中航油和地方航油公司多家經營，但每個機場只有一家航油供應公司，航空公司無法選擇供油商和加油商。
  3. We will begin with a discussion of relevant topics from industrial organization including monopoly pricing, price discrimination, product differentiation, barriers to entry, network externalities, search and first - mover advantages

    我們一開始將討論相關的主題，包括了壟斷定價、價格歧視、商品差異化、進入障礙、網路外部性、搜尋及先佔優勢。
  4. Article 30 whoever, in violation of this law, purchases leaf tobacco without authorization shall be fined by the department of tobacco monopoly administration, and the leaf tobacco illegally purchased shall be repurchased by the said department at the price set by the state ; if the illegal purchase involves large quantities, the leaf tobacco purchased and the illegal income derived therefrom shall be confiscated

    第三十條違反本法規定擅自收購煙葉的，由煙草專賣行政主管部門處以罰款，並按照國家規定的價格收購違法收購的煙葉；數量巨大的，沒收違法收購的煙葉和違法所得。
  5. The real estate development cost control methods are specified of decision, design, execution stage to reduce the construction cost, and it is compiling feasibility study report and capital invest estimation in decision, optimizing the design scheme and designed rationally in the technique and construction drawing design stage, electing rational construction scheme in construction stage, controlling the change in the work and field visas strictly, examining and approving budge detailed, budge planning use the quantities list, electing the best subcontractor, preventing some monopoly raise the price, collecting the detailed data in the fieldwork, making strict bargain

    討論了房地產開發項目的決策階段、設計階段、實施階段分別需要採取的相關措施和方法，以盡量降低項目的工程造價，即在決策階段編寫詳細的可行性研究報告和編制投資估算；在設計階段優化設計方案，進行合理的技術設計和施工圖設計；在實施階段選擇合理的施工方案，嚴格控制工程變更和現場簽證，嚴格審核工程施工圖預算，工程造價的預算採用工程量清單報價，擇優確定專業分包單位，防止少數壟斷性行業任意抬價，深入現場，收集和掌握施工有關資料，制定嚴密的合同條款。
  6. Economic monopoly including monopoly caused by concentration of production and natural monopoly characterized by the subadditivity of cost. administrative monopoly is one kind of super - economic monopoly with the abuse of administrative power. monopoly enterprises capture the monopoly profit through controlling the market price with monopolistic output, consumer has to pay more before the optimal output

    根據壟斷形成的原因，可以分為經濟性壟斷和行政性壟斷，經濟性壟斷包括建立在生產集中（或資本積聚）基礎上的經濟壟斷，也包括以成本次可加（資源獨占）為特性的自然壟斷；以行政權力干預市場形成的壟斷，則是一種超經濟的行政壟斷。
  7. Value formation and monopoly price of knowledge products

    知識產品價值的形成與壟斷價格
  8. After perfecting the legislative system in monopolization system, deepening the reform and improving the regulatory system monopoly basis, it is also necessary to strengthen consumer protection, absorb consumer access to price agreed procedures

    在完善專賣制度立法、深化專賣體制改革以及完善監管體系等基礎上，還應加強對消費者權益的保護，吸收消費者進入價格議定程序中來。
  9. Platform of two - sided markets can provide services with different quality, former literature only considers the situation which platform provides unique service, this article considers pricing and profits of platform which provides different quality services under monopoly and competing marketing structure and finds that price will be highest when monopoly platform provides high - quality service first then low - quality service and profit will be higher than monopoly platform provides low - quality service first and high - quality service at the same time, when a platform with high - quality service completes with a platform with low - quality service, high - quality platform tends to improve service quality, while low - quality platform would like to hold service quality at low level

    摘要雙邊市場中的平臺可以提供有質量差異的多種服務，原來的雙邊市場文獻考慮了平臺提供單種服務的定價策略等，本文研究了壟斷和競爭情況下提供兩種服務的平臺的定價策略，研究發現壟斷平臺先提供高質量后提供低質量服務時高質量服務定價最高，並且平臺利潤相對于平臺同時提供質量差異服務時要高。
  10. The second chapter : on the basis of analyzing particularity of behaviors of restricting competition in franchise, making a concrete analysis of several typical ones like tied selling, resale price maintenance and regional restrictions, and having a comprehensive comparison of legislations and regulations of those behaviors in every country ' s anti - monopoly law

    第二章：在分析特許經營中限制競爭行為特殊性的基礎上，對特許經營中搭售、維持轉售價格、區域限制、回授條款等幾類典型的限制競爭行為進行具體分析，並綜合比較各國反壟斷法對這些行為的規制方法。
  11. Yet intellectual property ' s legal monopolization is a decisive factor of franchisor ' s right in restricting franchisee ' s activities in their contract to some extent. at the same time, franchise also involves three parties of franchisor, franchisee, and other relevant competitors and includes competitive relation in terms of the horizontal and vertical levels. besides, a franchisor tends to use his advantages to abuse his rights, restricting competition against the anti - monopoly law such as tied selling, resale price maintenance and regional restrictions, when he signs a contract with a franchisor

    因為特許經營與壟斷專營有相似之處，在特許經營中，特許人（或稱特許權人）通過特許經營合同將其所擁有的商標、商號、專利或專有技術等使用權授予被特許人，這就涉及到知識產權、產品銷售權、技術技巧等的轉讓，而知識產權本身的合法壟斷性質決定了特許人在特許經營合同中有權對被特許人的活動進行一定的限制；同時，特許經營又涉及特許人、被特許人和其他相關競爭者，包含橫向、縱向兩個層次的競爭關系，特許人與被特許人簽訂特許經營合同時，極有可能利用其優勢地位濫用特許權，做出搭售、維持轉售價格、區域限制等與反壟斷法相抵觸的限制競爭行為。
  12. The key problems of railway system reformation is how to break monopoly and introduce competition, how to choose reorganization models of the railway enterprises and how to work out the railway transportation price policy

    鐵路改革的突出問題是如何打破壟斷、引入競爭，如何選擇鐵路運輸企業的重組模式，如何確定鐵路運價政策，本文就這些問題進行了深入的分析。
  13. Besides, the electric power industry is a special industry, and some of its important sectors are in natural monopoly because of the characteristic of the network, which determines the government must supervise the electric power industry on price, entry, service and etc. because of the gradualness of the electric power reform and the limit of the inertia of original plan economy system, the new - type electric power supervisory system that meets the requirement of the market economy at present has not been set up yet in our country

    電力產業又是一個特殊的行業，它的一些重要環節因網路特徵明顯而具有自然壟斷性，這決定了政府必須對電力產業進行監管。盡管經歷了20多年開放和引入競爭的電力體制改革實踐，並於2003年3月成了國家電力監管委員會，但由於受電力體制改革的漸進性以及原有計劃經濟體制慣性的限制，監管改革進度緩慢，監管機構、監管職能、監管方式改進尚不明朗，我國目前符合市場經濟要求的新型電力監管體系尚未真正建立。
  14. Firstly, the thesis gives a review of the related theories about price control, defines the concepts of natural monopoly and price control, and confirms the goals and methods of price controlling

    本文首先對自然壟斷行業價格管制的相關理論進行了回顧，明確了自然壟斷與價格管制的概念，並對價格管制目標、方法等進行了探討。
  15. Implementing drug monopoly to break through nominal high price of drugs

    實行藥品專賣破解藥價虛高
  16. Behavior and choice in dual monopoly game : new explanation of high medicine price

    對藥價虛高現象的一種新解釋
  17. Sixth : no reasonable price system in the natural monopoly industry. charter three chiefly entitles the experiences of natural monopoly industry price regulation about the typical market - economy country. after analyzing the regulation to natural monopoly industry and its price in america, japan, england, the author draws the general rule that the government regulates natural monopoly industry and its price

    通過對美國、日本、英國對自然壟斷行業及其價格管制的分析，得出發達國家對自然壟斷行業及其價格進行管制的一般經驗，主要表現在價格管制的原則、管制價格的確定方法、價格管制的保障體系幾個方面，並簡單論述發達國家價格管制的新趨勢：放鬆管制、引競爭。
  18. In chapter 3, we chiefly study on the effectivity of third - degree price discrimination under two manufacturers, generally the studies on the effectivity of third - degree price discrimination in former papers were based on monopoly market, that is there is only one monopoly manufacturer in market. this paper expand the content of its research to the market conditions of two factories, based on a complete static information model and the linear demand functions and linear cost functions, the paper study the effectivity of third - degree price discrimination under two manufacturers, which compete in the same markets. it further respectively put forward the calculation formulas of the maximum sales volume and the maximum price and the maximum profit which belong to both manufacturers who is on the condition of common price or third - degree price discrimination in the two sub - markets, and also it put forward the necessary and sufficient conditions for third - degree price discrimination to be effective or to be same as common price

    本文第三章主要研究了兩廠商情形下的三度價格歧視的有效性問題，現有文獻對於三度價格歧視的有效性問題的研究基本上都是基於壟斷廠商情形，即市場上只有一個壟斷廠商的情形，而本文將其研究的內容拓展到了兩廠商情形，基於完全信息靜態模型研究了競爭市場上的兩廠商在線性需求函數和線性成本函數條件下的三度價格歧視的有效性問題，並分別給出了兩廠商在兩個子市場上，在單一價格條件下以及歧視價格條件下的最優銷售量、最優價格和最大利潤的計算公式，給出了各廠商價格歧視有效和價格歧視無異于單一價格的充要條件。
  19. Less departments, closer the commission to monopoly price

    而發達地區由於營業部眾多，傭金水平較低。
  20. Forth : there are many problems in the institution of the natural monopoly price control

    第三章主要論述的是發達國家自然壟斷行業的價格管制經驗借鑒。
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