monopoly trade 中文意思是什麼
monopoly trade
解釋
專賣業-
The outflow of silver became more marked from 1834, after the east india company lost its monopoly of the china trade, and the foreign free traders, hoping to get rich quickly, joined the lucrative opium trade which the chinese had made illegal in 1799
清廷早於一七九九年明令禁止輸入鴉片，但自一八三四年東印度公司喪失與中國貿易的特權后，外商為圖暴利，竟加入鴉片商販行列，使中國銀元外流的情況，更趨嚴重。 -
Speelman replied by asking for the monopoly of the trade of johore and pahang.
施貝爾曼在答復中要求取得對柔佛和彭亨的貿易壟斷。 -
In the meantime, it is also a great help to chinese economy transforming into market economy, as it is propitious to founding market - oriented system frame, developing unpublicized economy to pluralize the ownership structure, breaking country monopoly and promoting competition, reforming state - owned firms, liberalizing trade and investment gradually to push domestic economy into world economy system
同時，外商直接投資在中國向市場經濟轉型過程中也發揮了重要的作用，如有利於建立市場取向的制度框架；發展非公有經濟使所有制結構多元< wp = 3 >化；打破國家壟斷，促進競爭；改革公有企業；逐漸開放貿易和投資，使國內經濟進入世界經濟體系。 -
One that trespasses on a trade monopoly, as by conducting unauthorized trade in an area designated to a chartered company
私商，無照營業者侵犯貿易壟斷企業的人，例如在有特許權公司的經營范圍內從事未經許可的貿易活動 -
Along with china joined the world trade organization and the framework convention on tobacco control, the county level tobacco monopoly bureau should strengthen legally administration construction to face the competition from opening market and the globalization to protect the system and the interest of the nation and the consumer
隨著中國加入世界貿易組織和《煙草控制框架公約》 ，作為煙草行業最基層的縣級煙草專賣局，提高其依法行政水平，有利於適應煙草市場開放和全球化競爭的挑戰，保護煙草專賣制度，維護國家利益和消費者利益。 -
On the background of globalization of economy, the action of restricting competition is rising increasingly in the world, which severely obstruct liberalization of trade and investment while world trade liberalization pace speed up. in view of authoritative competition regulation which regulate enterprises ’ internationally restricting competition action have not set up yet, most countries adopt the extraterritorial application of anti - monopoly law to prevent international monopoly effectively, with a purpose to protect the domestic market to develop healthily and orderly. by exploring the fundamental problems in extraterritorial application of anti - monopoly law and theoretical and practical experience of all countries in the world, the thesis further discusses the mode of our country in the field
本文分四部分對反壟斷法的域外適用問題進行說明:文章首先從反壟斷法域外適用的基本問題入手，介紹反壟斷法域外適用問題的產生及其必然性，簡要描述國際法協會紐約年會上所確認的三種反壟斷法域外適用理論依據的涵義、內容及彼此之間的區別;其次對美國、歐盟在反壟斷法域外適用方面的實踐進行優缺評析，指出設置反壟斷法的域外適用條款已經成為世界反壟斷立法的普遍趨勢;然後論述反壟斷法域外適用過程中產生的沖突及對沖突進行協調的方法;最後對我國反壟斷法域外適用應採用的模式進行探討，說明我國設立反壟斷法域外適用制度的必然性和總體思路，明確我國反壟斷法域外適用制度應包括的內容以及保障域外適用制度順利實施所應建立的配套機構。 -
Influence of sang hongyang ' s financial thought on the monopoly system of trade in some commodity of later ages
略論桑弘羊理財對後世禁榷政策的影響 -
He established a government monopoly in the sandalwood trade, and he collected duties ( charges ) from visiting ships
他讓政府壟斷檀香木貿易並對造訪船隻征稅。 -
The law of protection of confidential information effectively allows a perpetual monopoly in secret information - it does not expire as would a patent or trade mark
保護機密信息的法律有效的容許無限期的獨自擁有秘密信息，而不象專利及商標那樣有期限限制。 -
Immediately after, this article analyzed gains or losses of standardize, analyzed the two greatest irregularities because of standardize : standardize monopoly and international trade technical barrier. standardize monopoly comes from the abuse of patent right, because of the close relation between standardize and patent right. through the article listed a lot of examples, introduced the proceeding how enterprise abuse patent right to restrict competition
接著，分析了標準化的利弊，重點分析了標準化所產生的兩大弊端:標準化壟斷和國際貿易技術壁壘。由於標準化和專利權有著密切聯系，標準化壟斷基本上是由於專利權的濫用所產生的，詳細介紹了企業在標準化戰略中，如何濫用專利權限制競爭。 -
Article 16 any enterprise or individual that is to engage in the retail trade of tobacco products shall be subject to the examination and approval of, before the issuance of a license for tobacco monopoly retail trade by, the administrative department for industry and commerce under the people ' s government at the county level on the commission of the department of tobacco monopoly administration at the next higher level
第十六條經營煙草製品零售業務的企業或者個人，由縣級人民政府工商行政管理部門根據上一級煙草專賣行政主管部門的委託，審查批準發給煙草專賣零售許可證。 -
In this part, it has studied the construction of our aviation transportation through the analysis for its compressive market, the product difference, the entering and dropping out obstacle, etc. the marketing characteristic of oligarch monopoly in the aviation transportation has obviously appeared. in this condition, the aim of the government regulation should be that, to maintain the profit of the consumer, and reduce the monopoly profit. in section three, through the analysis and research work to the actual effect brought by our regulation policy, it has pointed out that this kind of government regulation has greatedly blocked the trade development
首先，在第一部分中簡要介紹了管制的概念及有關的管制理論；在第二部分中，介紹了我國航空運輸業的發展現狀，並且通過對我國航空運輸業市場集中、產品差異、進入與退出障礙等情況的分析，對我國航空運輸市場的市場結構進行研究，指出我國航空運輸業已經呈現出明顯的寡頭壟斷市場特徵，在此種情況下，政府管制應該是以維護消費者的利益，降低企業的壟斷利潤為目標；在第三部分中，通過對我國航空運輸業政府管制政策所帶來的實際效果的分析和研究，指出我國航空運輸業的政府管制已經嚴重地阻礙了我國航空運輸業的發展；第四部分則是通過研究和借鑒國外航空運輸業管制和放鬆管制的經驗和教訓，以「有效競爭」市場作為標準，對我國航空運輸業管制改革提出一些新的思路。 -
Administrative monopoly refers to the behaviors of controlling and cornering market competition by the way of utilization of other public power under the control of administrative organs in local government and national trade economic management. we should study the concept from the following parts such as the subject - characteristic, difference with economic controlling and legal immunity
行政壟斷是地方政府行政機關和國家行業經濟管理部門主要憑借行政權力的行使，在其他公共權力綜合運用的影響下，對經濟活動進行排他性控制、消除或者限制市場競爭的行為。我們應從行政壟斷的主體、性質、與宏觀經濟調控的本質區別、法律豁免等方面綜合理解其概念。 -
Article 33 where an enterprise that does not hold a license for the tobacco monopoly wholesale enterprise engages in the wholesale trade of tobacco products, the department of tobacco monopoly administration shall order it to close down or to stop the wholesale trade of tobacco products, confiscate the illegal income derived therefrom and concurrently impose a fine
第三十三條無煙草專賣批發生產許可證經營煙草製品批發業務的，由煙草專賣行政主管部門責令關閉或者停止經營煙草製品批發業務，沒收違法所得，並處罰款。 -
Article 15 any enterprise which is to engage in the wholesale trade of tobacco products shall be subject to the approval of the department of tobacco monopoly administration under the state council or the department of tobacco monopoly administration at the provincial level, and the acquisition of a license for the tobacco monopoly wholesale enterprise, and then to the approval and registration by the administrative department for industry and commerce
第十五條經營煙草製品批發業務的企業，必須經國務院煙草專賣行政主管部門或者省級煙草專行政主管部門批準，取得煙草專賣批發企業許可證，並經工商行政管理部門核準登記。 -
In 2003 china take 3 more steps in this area, which include letting loose the foreign trade running rights wholly, providing foreign traders the direct exporting rights, and adjusting the export drawback tax policy. such steps mean that the state - owned foreign trade corporations absolutely lose their monopoly status
2003年我國又採取三項重要改革舉措：全面放開外貿經營權，賦予外商直接出口權、調整出口退稅政策，這些措施的實施標志著國有外貿企業壟斷地位的徹底喪失。 -
Administrative monopoly is the act that the government and its subordinate departments or its authorized organizations are abused to use their administrative rights to restrict competition. it composes of body, subject and object and appears in forms of regional monopoly, department monopoly, government restrict trade and administrative corporations and etc. chinese current law and regulations has many loopholes and is not effective and perfect enough to prevent administrative monopoly validly
行政壟斷是指政府及其所屬部門或其委託授權的組織濫用行政權力限制競爭的行為，它應由主體要件、主觀要件和客觀要件構成，其主要表現形式是地區壟斷、部門壟斷、政府限定交易和設立行政性公司等。 -
The reasons of oversea chinese having been employed at high levels by siamese royal family in the monopoly trade
暹羅王室在壟斷貿易中重用華僑的原因 -
This essay restricts the scope of monopoly trade at the beginning, and then analyses the cause of the appearance of monopoly in natural monopoly trade
摘要文章首先界定了壟斷行業的范圍，分析了自然壟斷行業產生壟斷的原因。 -
The enterprises short of competitive encouragement system have become the dissident and burden for the society, therefore, it is necessary that competitive system to be introduced into monopoly trade
現實中缺乏競爭激勵機制的公用企業成了社會的異己和負擔，因此，有必要在壟斷行業引入競爭機制。
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