natural monopoly 中文意思是什麼
natural monopoly
解釋
天然壟斷-
Not only the general theories of economic regulations but also the general theories of the financial regulations can construe the regulative theoretical basis of the foreign banks. these include natural monopoly, externalism, information insufficient and the short - term and speculative market behavior
不僅經濟管制的一般理論是解釋外資銀行監管的基本理論，而且金融監管的一般理論也同樣是我們理解外資銀行監管的理論依據，主要包括自然壟斷、外部效應、信息不充分和市場行為的短期性和投機性。 -
As a particular category of economic monopoly, the earlier studying of natural monopoly, which is related to the finitude and the concentration especially the imbalance of location of the natural resources
作為經濟性壟斷中的特殊類型，最初的自然壟斷與資源有限性及集中程度有關，特別是與自然資源分佈不平衡相關。 -
They had based on the natural monopoly theory. the second chapter reviews the traditional theory of natural monopoly in the frame of classical economics, from economics of scales, economics of scopes and to subadditivity of cost, including the extension of “ marshall puzzle ” and “ theory of contestable markets ”
我們把這一體系內的自然壟斷理論稱為傳統自然壟斷理論，主要經歷了規模經濟理論、范圍經濟理論以及成本次可加性理論，當然目前這一領域內還延伸出了馬歇爾困境以及有效競爭理論等研究前沿。 -
In many developed countries, a series of changes have been undergone in some traditional natural monopoly industries, including deregulation, denationalization and introduction of the competition mechanism
在許多發達市場經濟國家，傳統的自然壟斷行業發生了一系列的變化，主要包括:放鬆管制、非國有化及引入競爭機制。 -
Economic monopoly including monopoly caused by concentration of production and natural monopoly characterized by the subadditivity of cost. administrative monopoly is one kind of super - economic monopoly with the abuse of administrative power. monopoly enterprises capture the monopoly profit through controlling the market price with monopolistic output, consumer has to pay more before the optimal output
根據壟斷形成的原因，可以分為經濟性壟斷和行政性壟斷，經濟性壟斷包括建立在生產集中（或資本積聚）基礎上的經濟壟斷，也包括以成本次可加（資源獨占）為特性的自然壟斷；以行政權力干預市場形成的壟斷，則是一種超經濟的行政壟斷。 -
The main contributions of this dissertation are listed as the followings : l ) deducing and proving the " three in one " theory of natural monopoly, that is, from the angles of economies of scale, economies of scope and economies of network, giving an explanation of natural monopoly ; 2 ) putting forward the concept of " strict superadditivity " and proving that total value function and total revenue function of network economy have strict superadditivity ; 3 ) summarizing the emerging characteristics in the market definition of natural monopoly, that is, in the monopoly industry, " market " tends to be more and more smaller than " industry " ; 4 ) expounding that the objective patterns of regulatory reforms of the railway industry in china are explicit regulation with partly characteristics of implicit regulation ; 5 ) proving the idea that the structural reforms of the railway industry in china should be hierarchical ; 6 ) demonstrating the theoretical bases for whether infrastructure management should be separated from transpo rt operation ; 7 ) expounding and proving that the interior of the railway industry in china should implement the differential property rights reform pattern
本文的研究特點在於： （ 1 ）在規模經濟、范圍經濟的基礎上進一步推導並證明了網路經濟與自然壟斷的關系，即自然壟斷可以從規模經濟、范圍經濟、網路經濟三個角度來解釋論述； （ 2 ）明確提出了一個與鮑莫爾、潘澤與威利格等人提出的「成本劣加性」相類似的概念? ?價值優加性，並證明了網路經濟的總價值函數和總收益函數具有嚴格優加性； （ 3 ）概括了自然壟斷市場界定中所出現的新特徵，即在壟斷產業中， 「市場」正越來越小於「產業」 ； （ 4 ）進一步論證了中國鐵路產業規制創新的目標模式是兼有部分內生規制特點的外生規制； （ 5 ）在中國鐵路產業的結構改革中應體現分層次的思想； （ 6 ）明確論述了內容提要鐵路路網公司等自然壟斷環節是否分割的理論基礎; （ 7 ）提出並進一步證明了中國鐵路產業內部應實行差異化的產權改革模式。 -
Deregulation and reregulation for natural monopoly industry
自然壟斷行業的放鬆管制與再管制 -
Deregulation and regulation reform of natural monopoly industry
自然壟斷產業的放鬆管制和管制改革 -
The relaxation and reform of the control of natural monopoly industry
自然壟斷產業的放鬆管制與管制改革 -
The deregulation reform of natural monopoly industry in china
試論我國自然壟斷行業的放鬆規制改革 -
The theory assumes three kinds of situations that the market does not work : natural monopoly, external effect and asymmetric information
這一理論假定市場失靈可能發生的三種情況:自然壟斷，外部效應和信息不對稱。 -
In our country, there is much flaw in pricing making in natural monopoly profession. many enterprise waste resource through invest which is blindness and repetitive construction
我國自然壟斷行業的定價本身存在缺陷，多企業盲目投資，形成重復建設，造成社會資源浪費。 -
But development of the origin in social economic technology and deepening studying to the expressway, until developed country relax government control, lead rise of tide of competition mechanism into to public utilities since the will it be the seventies the 20th century, the properties of the natural monopoly of the expressway receive people ' s extensive query, requirement and improve the voice of controlling the mechanism of the expressway and grow to even greater heights
但是根源於社會經濟技術的發展和對高速公路研究的深入，隨著20世紀70年代以來發達國家對公用事業放鬆政府管制、引入競爭機制之浪潮的興起，高速公路的自然壟斷的性質受到人們廣泛的質疑、要求變革高速公路的管制機制的呼聲日益高漲。 -
As a kind of market structures, natural monopoly has been studied for a long time. in the thought of economics, ideologists researched natural monopoly on the natural characters. as the evolution of economics, new classical economics has been grown for three stages in natural monopoly, and they are economics of scales, economics of scopes and subadditivity of costs in turn
自然壟斷作為一種市場結構，其理論已經得到了極大的重視和長足發展，從早期經濟思想史上的自然條件決定論到新古典經濟學范圍內的傳統自然壟斷理論，在後者范圍內，又經歷了從規模經濟到范圍經濟，再發展到高度抽象的成本次可加性理論。 -
On regulations to the natural monopoly industries
論自然壟斷行業的政府規制 -
The government because of its quasi - public goods character, natural monopoly as well as its costing investment, has always regulated railway industry
鐵路因其消費的準公共性、自然壟斷性和資本密集性而成為政府管制的對象。 -
In fact the key problem of deregulation is introducing competence into the traditional natural monopoly industry, but how to, which sector can be introduced and if deregulation can deal with the shortcoming before deregulating are still questioned. and these problems mean the competence in telecommunication is different with classic perfect competence, and economists introduce efficient competence into analysis and pursue the resolution
但怎麼引入競爭，在什麼環節上引入競爭以及引入的競爭是否能夠避免在放鬆規制以前電信業中的種種弊病，這些問題決定了電信業中的競爭將與經典經濟學中的完全競爭不同，因此經濟學家們引入有效競爭的標準來對電信業進行放鬆規制改革。 -
Besides, the electric power industry is a special industry, and some of its important sectors are in natural monopoly because of the characteristic of the network, which determines the government must supervise the electric power industry on price, entry, service and etc. because of the gradualness of the electric power reform and the limit of the inertia of original plan economy system, the new - type electric power supervisory system that meets the requirement of the market economy at present has not been set up yet in our country
電力產業又是一個特殊的行業，它的一些重要環節因網路特徵明顯而具有自然壟斷性，這決定了政府必須對電力產業進行監管。盡管經歷了20多年開放和引入競爭的電力體制改革實踐，並於2003年3月成了國家電力監管委員會，但由於受電力體制改革的漸進性以及原有計劃經濟體制慣性的限制，監管改革進度緩慢，監管機構、監管職能、監管方式改進尚不明朗，我國目前符合市場經濟要求的新型電力監管體系尚未真正建立。 -
Traditional natural monopoly theory used government regulation of natural monopoly industries as the answer to the question of " market failure ", which ignored that government as a link of trust - agency was influenced by some condition such as many - faceted aim function, uncompleted information and the defect in its public decision theory etc. then under the lack of rigid restrain, the action of government regulation maybe produce some negative influence including the question of dynamic consistency
傳統自然壟斷規制理論將政府規制視為「市場失敗」的政府解，忽略了政府作為委託代理鏈條中的一環，受其目標函數多元化、信息不完全、公共決策體制存在的缺陷等情況所影響，在缺乏硬約束的情況下，政府規制行為有可能會衍生出動態一致性（ dynamicconsistency ）問題。 -
Charter four chiefly deals with innovatory directions on natural monopoly industry regulation in our country
第四章主要論述的是我國自然壟斷行業價格管制目標模式的構想。
分享友人