near surface 中文意思是什麼
near surface
解釋
近地表的-
The diamonds on earth are believed to have formed under high temperature 1000 and pressure 45 kilobar in the deep 100 - 300 km interior of the earth, and brought to the near surface by volcanic activities
地球上的鉆石相信是在100至300公里深，溫度接近攝氏1000度，而壓力達45千巴的地底形成，其後因火山爆發而帶至地面。 -
Near surface flow
表面流近面流 -
It was well known that the main process of precipitation formation was collecting cloud water in the warm area and ice phase particles melting in the cold area. positive vertical velocity existed between 700hpa and 500hpa in the warm area and near surface in the cold area. wind convergence existed at the height of 700hpa, and divergence existed above and below the height of 700hpa
通過對降水雲系的綜合研究，建立了河南省春季層狀雲降水概念模型：暖區降水主要通過雲水碰並形成，冷區降水機制以冰粒子融化等冷雲過程為主;暖區700一50ohpa通常有上升氣流，冷區上升氣流分佈在近地面附近: 700沖a存在風場的輻合，其上下則主要是輻散區;水汽主要集中在7o0hpa高度上，暖區水汽來自南、東南方向，冷區水汽以西南輸送為主;暖區位勢不穩定分佈在o 。 -
2 ) from the analysis of the aerodynamic parameters and turbulent flux transfer under different synoptic conditions we achieve the conclusion that on sands raising and sandstorm days turbulent momentum and sensible - heat fluxes are important exchange factors in the boundary layer, with turbulent exchange stronger in sandstorm weather than both on fine and sand raising days. prior to the occurrence of such an event, in particular, the super - adiabatic instability in the near - surface boundary will reinforce sandstorm weather condition. 3 ) atmospheric turbulent diffusion parameters z and y have apparent daily variation
沙塵天氣下以親地殼元素為主的氣溶膠元素濃度均高於背景大氣和浮塵天氣，而且沙塵天氣強度愈強，元素濃度的增加愈顯著；背景大氣、浮塵天氣條件下親地殼元素的濃度一般在10 ~ （ - 1 ） 10 ~ 0 g m ~ 3量級，揚沙、沙塵暴時一般達10 ~ 1 g m ~ 3量級，特強沙塵暴時高達10 ~ 2 g m ~ 3量級。 -
In mountain area, surface condition and subsurface structure is very complex, and near - surface structure is changeable greatly in every direction
山地地區相對平原而言，地表條件復雜，表層結構縱橫向變化劇烈，地下構造復雜。 -
The inversion results of the theory model and actual data show that the method can reconstruct near - surface velocity field of complex structure stably, quickly and accurately, thus, can calculate the statics and ensure structural imaging in complex area
理論模型和實際資料的反演結果表明，該方法能穩定、快速、準確地重建復雜地區的近地表速度場，建立準確的近地表速度場，從而可計算準確的靜校正量，保證復雜地區的構造成像。 -
The clues and techniques to improve the resolution of data processing are 1 ) removing the affection of near surface factors on data acquisition, including static correction and noise eliminating technique etc, 2 ) broadening the frequency band of pre - stack seismic data, including amplitude compensation and pre - stack deconvolution etc, 3 ) improving s / n ratio of high frequency and weak reflection signals through multiple coverage with high precision velocity analysis, residual static correction and high - order nmo, raising " dead line of high frequency reflection ", and 4 ) identifying post stack effective reflection frequency band, enhancing dominant frequency and so on
主要包括：消除近地表因素對資料採集的影響，包括靜校正和噪音壓制技術等；疊前拓寬地震資料領帶，包括振幅補償和疊前反褶積技術等；藉助高精度速度分析、剩餘靜校正和高次項nmo技術，通過多次覆蓋疊加，消除資料中隨機噪聲干擾、提高資料信噪比，尤其是高頻端反射信息的信噪比，改善高頻反射和弱反射信號信噪比，提高「高頻反射死亡線」 ；疊後有限反射頗帶識別、抬高優勢頻率等。 -
The method can be used to compute large residual static corrections in complex 3d near - surface areas such as areas covered by desert and gebi. 5 ) based on 2d refraction statics method in cmp domain, 3d refraction static method of cmp domain is presented
該方法是在二維基礎上發展的，在折射界面起伏不大的情況下，它可以同時解決三維cmp道集中長波長靜校正和短波長靜校正問題，可適用於塔里木沙漠、長慶黃土塬覆蓋區。 -
Inversion of the near surface structure can be done by the method with refraction first - break information, so it can be used to solve 2d long wavelength and short wavelength statics problems for complex near surface areas ; 4 ) a kind of 3d statics method with statistical deposition of refraction first - break traveling time in common shot domain is developed
它適應折射面起伏不大、折射層較穩定的近地表條件，利用該方法可以解決二維沙漠、黃土塬覆蓋區等復雜地表條件的長短波長靜校正問題； （ 4 ）三維共炮域折射旅行時統計分解靜校正方法。 -
The surface loading of the mountains and the associated root of thickened crust produce horizontal deviatoric tension in the strong upper crust. in contrast, the deep, dense lithospheric root and its associated downflexing of the surface produce horizontal compressive deviatoric stress in the strong near - surface layer. the actual state of stress in the strong layer of the upper crust is the combined effect of these two opposite stress systems together with bending and other local and regional stresses such as due to ridge push
模擬結果表明：由於均衡機制，造山帶下部的低密度山根促使地殼隆升、造山，山根是地殼剛性層中張性構造應力的主要力源；與此相反，冷的高密度巖石圈向軟流圈插入、拆離、下沉，從而形成巖石圈根，它引起擠壓造山和巖石圈地幔物質的重新調整，也是地殼剛性層中擠壓性構造應力的主要力源。 -
The authors established an initial velocity model based on the first break time of the actual data, then realized the forward calculation with the improved shortest path ray tracing algorithm, and applied the improved constrained damped simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique ( cdsirt ) to solve large - scale and sparse equations for inversing the near - surface velocity field
根據實際地震數據的初至波時間建立初始速度模型；採用改進的最短路徑射線追蹤演算法進行正演；利用改進的約束帶阻尼聯合迭代重建技術（ cdsirt ）求解大型、稀疏的方程組來反演近地表的速度場。 -
After storage for a long time, a layer of li2co3 and absorbed species ( h2o, co2and o2 - ) will appear on the surface, and a thin nio - like layer will be formed on the near surface of linio2 material
長期貯存的linioz電極材料將在表面形成一層包含lizco3 、 hzo 、 co :以及殘余活性氧物種02 .在內的覆蓋層，以及在近表面層生成一層類似nio的立方巖鹽結構鈍化層，從而導致其電化學性能下降。 -
Microbilogical oil and gas exploration is a technique of predicting subsurface hydrocarbon distribution by means of detecting the change in amout of hydrocarbon - biting bacteria in near - surface soil
摘要微生物油氣勘查是通過檢測近地表土壤中噬烴菌的數量變化，預測地下油氣分佈的一種技術方法。 -
Rebuilding near - surface velocity field is very important for calculating statics
摘要近地表速度場的重建是獲得準確靜校正量的關鍵。 -
With the development of vlsi ( very large scale integration ) and ulsi ( ultra large scale integration ), rtp ( rapid thermal process ), which consumes less time and less energy than classical thermal treatments, have been widely employed in semiconductor manufacturing. however, the most importance is that rtp is applied for defects engineering of silicon material. it is generally believed the rtf leads to the injection of additional vacancies into silicon wafer, and then a so - called magic denuded zone ( mdz ) in the near - surface region of cz silicon wafer was formed by controlling the vacancy distribution
隨著大規模集成電路（ vlsi ）和超大規模集成電路的發展，節省時間、節省能量、容易控制的快速熱退火工藝在半導體器件製造工藝中得到了廣泛的應用，並且在硅材料的缺陷工程中發揮了特殊的作用，人們通過高溫快速熱處理在矽片中引入空位，並控制空位的分佈，進而形成了具有較強內吸雜能力的潔凈區。 -
Solving the static correction problems under complex near - surface conditions is a systematic engineering. first, careful field weathering investigation must be done, then we have to take full advantages of refraction first - break information and field weathering investigation information to compute field static correction and large residual static corrections with various refraction first - break statics methods, finally, reflection statics methods are used iteratively to solve the residual statics problems. to solve serious static correction problems in complex near - surface areas of western china, different refraction first - break statics methods are studied in this thesis. the main study contents are as follows : 1 ) the propagation features of refraction for horizontal layered and dip media are studied firstly, it lays a good theoretical foundation for later statics method studies
本文針對目前西部油氣勘探中迫切需要解決的復雜地表區靜校正技術難題，對初至折射波解決二維和三維長、短波長靜校正問題的正反演方法進行了深入的研究和探討，研究內容主要包括（ 1 ）水平層狀和傾斜界面折射波的傳播規律，為后續的折射靜校正方法研究奠定理論基礎； （ 2 ）二維復雜層狀介質地震折射波正演方法，該方法可適用於折射面起伏不大、低速層和折射層速度變化不大的情況。 -
In order to overcome the chattering phenomenon, a new approach with saturation boundary layer and adaptive variable structure control with twin - neuron ( avsct ) is proposed. the neuron adaptive psd intelligenc control algorithm is proposed for the first time in double adaptive neuron vsc controller and adopted method which separately adjusting learning rate in study of submarine combined maneuvering control system of near - surface
針對變結構控制存在抖動的缺點，首次提出了用飽合邊界層和自適應雙神經元變結構控制器（ adaptivevariablestructurecontrolwithtwin - neuron簡稱avsct ）的設計方法，並將其應用於潛艇空間運動聯合控制系統中。 -
Siting of near surface disposal facilities of low - and intermediate - level radioactive wastes
低中水平放射性廢物近地表處置設施的選址 -
This course covers sediments in the rock cycle, production of sediments at the earth ' s surface, physics and chemistry of sedimentary materials, and scale and geometry of near - surface sedimentary bodies, including aquifers
本課程涉及到巖石循環中的沉積物，在地球表面沉積物的產生，沉積物的物理和化學性質，和近地表沉積體的規模和形狀，包括含水層。 -
Acceptance criteria for near surface disposal of radioactive waste
放射性廢物近地表處置的廢物接收準則
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