negative capital 中文意思是什麼
negative capital
解釋
負債。-
One hears rather worrying comments, mainly from observers from outside of the mainland, about the fragility of the banking system there, citing the relatively high npl and low some would say negative capital adequacy ratios
外界觀察中國內地往往擔心它的銀行體系基礎薄弱，並指出不良貸款率偏高及資本充足比率偏低有人甚至說實際是負數 -
Then, in the light of actual reality in china and the practical cases of stock trading companies and collective - property & hi - tech enterprises which carried out the system of stock options in - pilot, proposals are put forward for the design, execution and assessment of executive stock options plan and phantom stock options plan. finally, on the basis of the analysis of positive and negative effects of incentive stock options system, it is concluded that attention should be paid to the coordination bet ween system guarantee and normalized operation, between incentive and restriction, and to the macroscopic way on how to perfect as soon as possible the capital and human resource market, with a view to offering a premising condition for practicing as soon as early the incentive stock options system
本課題通過對股票期權的基本理論進行闡述，分析了實施股票期權激勵的理論依據以及股權激勵的本質特點；同時根據國內目前的現狀，結合國內上市公司以及民營高科技企業試行股票期權的實例，對經理股票期權計劃和虛擬股票期權計劃的設計、實施以及考核提出了自己的建議；最後通過分析股票期權激勵的正負效應，得出了在國內具體實施期權激勵時應注意制度保障與規范運作、激勵與約束相互對等以及從宏觀側面上如何盡快完善資本和人力市場，為股票期權激勵機制的早日推行提供前提條件等相關結論。 -
Moral hazard can cause many problems which will threaten and impair the benefit of the venture capitalists seriously, for example negative work, excessive consumption on work, misusing capital, excessive investment and so on
它將直接導致風險企業家的消極怠工、在職消費以及濫用資本、過度投資等問題，嚴重威脅和損害風險投資家的利益。防範和控制道德風險問題關繫到風險資本的安全及使用效率，也是風險投資家和理論界關注的對象。 -
Analysis of negative action in the investors in the capital market
資本市場機構投資者的消極行為分析 -
There are indeed instances of purely negative concessions - - the second international ' s doctrine of collaboration between labour and capital [ 3 ] resulted in the betrayal of a whole class and a whole revolution
純消極的讓步是有過的，那就是第二國際的勞資合作論，把一個階級一個革命都讓掉了。 -
Besides, improving the social environment of honesty and trust, clearing the property rights will help reduce credit rationing. on the macro - level, the following conclusions are drawn. the speed of economic growth will slow down owing to credit rationing ; over - borrowing, which is the other side of the coin, will bring a lot of negative effects to enterprises ; the flowing of credit capital from vulnerable market to advantageous market will reduce the welfare of the whole society, and enlarge the gap between these two kinds of markets, which will make the financial system much more fragile
論文分析了信貸配給在宏觀層面的影響，指出：信貸配給延緩了經濟增長的速度；過多借款與信貸配給現象是一個硬幣的兩面，過多的借款會撐死企業；遭受信貸配給的市場和未受信貸配給的市場並存會造成貧富不均的社會問題；信貸資金從弱勢市場向強勢市場的流動將使整個社會的福利受損，使兩個市場間的投資邊際回報差距更加擴大，從而使整個金融體系更加不穩定。 -
One is the large amount of negative errors and omissions in the balance of payments, which many presume to indicate unidentified capital outflows
一是國際收支帳上存在大的負誤差及遺漏，很多人都假設這些誤差及遺漏是不明的資本外流造成。 -
An order made by the chief executive in council to implement the agreement with belgium for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and on capital is gazetted today february 6. it will be tabled at the legislative council next wednesday february 11 for negative vetting
行政長官會同行政會議作出命令，以實施政府與比利時就收入和資本稅項避免雙重繳稅及防止逃稅簽訂的協定，該命令今日二月六日于憲報刊登，並將于下星期三二月十一日提交立法會審議。 -
A main result is that monetary policy effects on bank lending depend on capital adequacy of banking sector, lending by banks with low capital has a negative reaction to monetary shocks relative to well capitalized banks
導論部分對研究背景、相關文獻和文章邏輯結構進行了陳述。第一章為「銀行信貸渠道述評以及銀行準備金」 。第一節，介紹貨幣政策傳導的銀行信貸渠道。 -
The results indicated that the change of capital structure of chinese listed companies is counter - cyclical and financial deepening promotes the capital structure optimization of listed companies in the certain degree. empirical analysis also show there is a negative relationship between stock market scale, actual loan interest rate, profitability, fluidity, income volatility and capital structure. we also can see a positive relationship between fir, the bond market scale, the property structure, growth opportunities, size and the capital structure
結果表明我國上市公司的資本結構變動與宏觀經濟周期之間呈逆向變動;金融深化在一定程度上促進了上市公司資本結構的優化;股票市場規模、實際貸款利率、盈利能力、流動性、收益波動性與資本結構負相關;金融相關比率、資產結構、成長性、公司規模與資本結構正相關。 -
These factors are physical capital, human capital, technology change, the level of specialization and the quantity of farmers. furthermore, on the basic hypothesis that farmers are rational economic men, it points out the negative attitude of farmers on improving these factors is rational choice. the actual land system, social security system and hukou system conduce that the property right of land is instable and difficult to be exchanged, the quantity of farmers is unable to decrease
本文首先建立了一個簡單的數學模型，考察了直接影響農民農業收入的基本因素，包括：物質資本、人力資本、專業化水平、技術知識和農民數量；進而，從農民是理性經濟人的基本假設出發，指出農民在改進影響農業收入的諸因素方面的消極態度是既定製度約束下的理性選擇? ?現行的農地制度（社會保障制度） 、戶籍制度導致土地產權不穩定、難以流轉和農民數量難以減少，妨礙了土地的規模經營，使農民在物質資本投資、人力資本投資、深化專業化分工、學習和應用技術知識、向城市轉移勞動力方面表現出消極態度。 -
In addition to profit warnings from hsbc due to their higher than expected provision for the us business, sentiment was further deteriorated on the back of several negative developments, including earlier than expected upward adjustment of reserve ratio requirement for chinese banks, the plunge in a - share market in china and signs of capital outflow from hong kong markets
除因匯豐對美國業務的撥備超過預期，導致發出盈利預警外，內地提早調高國內銀行存款準備金率中國a股市場急跌，以及本港股市出現資金外流的跡象，種種負面因素均令市況雪上加霜。 -
Capital configuration tactic is classified as positive investment tactic, negative investment tactic and blend management tactic
將股票投資策略分為積極投資策略、消極投資策略以及混合管理策略。 -
If only the material capital in a nation is increasing while its environmental capital is decreasing which will result in a zero or negative overall capital, thus the development of the nation will become unsustainable
一個國家如果只有物質資本增加而環境資本在減少，總體資本就可能是零甚至是負值，發展就是不可持續的。 -
Then we widen our research angle to all listed companies, and compare the capital efficiency of china " s listed companies with compartment of main foreign countries. we can come to the following conclusions : eva basically is negative number, not only for china " s agricultural open companies but also for all open companies
我們將研究的視角擴大到所有的上市公司，並將我國的上市公司資本效率與國外主要國家的上市公司進行橫向比較，我們發現以下結論：不僅農業上市公司的資本效率低下，而且所有上市公司的平均資本增加值（ eva ）基本上是在負數區域運行。 -
Chapter ii : theory analysis. this chapter mainly talks about three points. first the concept of eso system. eso is a kind of right of trading in own enterprise ' s stocks, which is given to certain senior staff by stockholders in legal view eso means civil right of new type, secend eso ' s theoretical basis : theory of agency, theory of corporate governance structure and theory of human capital. finally negative effects of eso system. that is, eso intends to cause hazards of insider control, management loss and morality
在理論基礎上，股票期權受到了委託代理理論、公司法人治理結構理論和人力資本理論的支持，有助於降低委託代理成本和完善公司法人治理結構，滿足了知識經濟條件下人力資本升值的要求。與此同時，股票期權制度也具有加大內部人控制風險、誘發道德風險和企業管理風險的負面效應也引人關注。我國要實施股票期權制度必須關注其正面與負面效應。 -
Besides, we find among all the control variables the " position " has the great negative impact on every factors of organizational effectiveness, the " capital character " and the " culture background " both have the great positive impact on organizational effectiveness in the following three aspects : " capability of stable control ", " cohesion and morale " and " quality "
在「生產力與效率」和「成長資源獲取」因子上， 「關心人」因子的影響程度最小。此外，控制變量「職務」與組織效能各因素都呈反向的顯著相關； 「資本性質」和「文化背景」都與組織效能中的「穩定控制能力」 、 「凝聚力與士氣」和「品質」呈正向的顯著相關。 -
Obtained the certainty existing in optimum capital structure, and expound the positive and negative
得出最優資本結構存在的必然性，並從理論上闡明財務杠桿的積極與消極作用。 -
Then has carried on the theory and empirical analysis of the relationship of growth opportunities and capital structure, proved the growth opportunity and enterprise ' s debt ratio highly negative related, enterprise who with higher growth opportunities, have the more inclined to maintain low debt level
然後對企業增長機會和資本結構的關系進行了理論與實證分析，證明增長機會與企業的負債比率高度負相關，增長機會越多的企業，越傾向于保持較低的負債水平。 -
The last chapter discusses the prospects of stock index futures in china ' s stock market. in this chapter, the author interprets the important roles of stock index futures for china ' s capital market, analyses the possible negative effects brought about by stock index futures, and consider that the conditions are getting mature. combining the international practices, this chapter raises my suggestions in the trading schemen 7 contract designing as well as supervisory system of stock index futures in china
盡管目前仍存在分歧，但大多數研究結果有助於澄清關于股指期貨市場會加劇現貨市場波動性的不切實際的指責和誤解；第四部分考察了美、日、港三種股指期貨市場的監管模式及各自的特徵，並進行了比較分析，這對於我國未來金融期貨市場的監管模式不無借鑒意義；本文最後一部分對我國開展股指期貨交易進行了探討，論述了推出我國的股指期貨交易對於我國資本市場的健康發展有著重要的現實意義，同時對可能產生的負面影響進行了全面分析，並認為我國推出股指期貨的條件也在日趨成熟，本部分還結合國際慣例，對我國股指期貨交易模式、合約設計以及監管模式提出了較為合理的設計方案。
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