party in interest 中文意思是什麼
party in interest
解釋
利害關系人-
The important function and significance of the socialist rule of virtue consists in : ( 1 ) it is an important aspect of new mode of ruling country with both law and virtue as coadjutant means, reflecting that the party ' s general plan for administering the country has been improved ; ( 2 ) it will bring morality into play to adjust interest relationships, appease social mood, and stick up for social justice and stabilization ; ( 3 ) it will improve cadres " and crowd ' s political morality level, promote the development of socialist political civilization
社會主義「德治」的重要作用和意義在於： 「德治」是「德法兼濟」新型治國模式的重要方面，反映了黨的治國方略的完善； 「德治」能夠發揮道德調節利益關系的重要功能，疏導社會情緒，維護社會公正與穩定； 「德治」能夠提高幹部和群眾的政治道德水平，推動社會主義政治文明的發展。 -
Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law
再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。 -
But, produce change when external state of affairs, contract provision is incommensurate already the requirement of party, the choice inside the range that policy - holder has authority to set in law guarantees the form of his interest, if he abandons obtain safeguard in order to play safe way, should allow its to remove contract
但是，當客觀情況發生變化，合同條款已不適應當事人的要求，投保人有權在法律規定的范圍內選擇保障自己的利益的形式，假如他放棄以參加保險的方式來獲得保障，應答應其解除合同。 -
For example, party can agree in the contract, pay tardily when vendee, damage when selling person interest, betray a person to authority removes contract or request pay total cost
例如，當事人可以在合同中約定，當買受人遲延付款、損害出賣人利益時，出賣人有權解除合同或請求支付全部價款。 -
（ including ， without limitation ， indebtedness owing by seller to third parties who have granted buyer a security interest in the accounts ， chattel paper and general intangibles of said third party ； and further including ， without limitation ， any and all attorneys fees ， expenses ， costs ， premiums ， charges and interest owed by seller to buyer ， whether under the agreements ， or otherwise ） whether due or not due ， absolute or contingent ， liquidated or unliquidated ， determined or undetermined ， whether seller may be liable individually or jointly with others ， whether recovery upon such indebtedness may be or hereafter becomes barred by any statute of limitations or whether such indebtedness may be or hereafter becomes otherwise unenforceable ， and includes sellers prompt ， full and faithful performance ， observance and discharge of each and every term ， condition ， agreement ， representation ， warranty undertaking and provision to be performed by seller under these agreements
這里的術語「負債」 「債務」 （以下一併簡稱為債務）應按照各自最廣泛的含義被使用，債務包括賣方先前、現在和今後，基於自願或非自願發生的所有預付款、負債、債務和責任，不論債務如何產生， （包括但不限於，賣方對已用自己的帳戶、動產文書或一般無體物向買方提供擔保利益的第三方之負債，並進而包括但不限於，賣方在協議等項下欠付買方的全部律師費、支出、費用、保險費、運費和利息） ，不論債務是否已經到期、是否必然發生、是否已清算、是否已決，不論賣方是單獨或與他人連帶承擔責任，不論債務的追償是否已經或將會受到時效法的阻礙，也不論債務是否已經或將要無法強制執行，賣方應當即時、充分和善意的履行、遵守和完成全部條款、條件、協議、陳述、擔保義務和這些協議項下賣方應當履行的條款。 -
（ including ， without limitation ， indebtedne owing by seller to third parties who have granted buyer a security interest in the accounts ， chattel paper and general intangibles of said third party ； and further including ， without limitation ， any and all attorneys fees ， expe es ， costs ， premiums ， charges and interest owed by seller to buyer ， whether under the agreements ， or otherwise ） whether due or not due ， a olute or contingent ， liquidated or unliquidated ， determined or undetermined ， whether seller may be liable individually or jointly with others ， whether recovery upon such indebtedne may be or hereafter becomes barred by any statute of limitatio or whether such indebtedne may be or hereafter becomes otherwise unenforceable ， and includes sellers prompt ， full and faithful performance ， o ervance and discharge of each and every term ， condition ， agreement ， representation ， warranty undertaking and provision to be performed by seller under these agreements
這里的術語「負債」 「債務」 （以下一併簡稱為債務）應按照各自最廣泛的含義被使用，債務包括賣方先前、現在和今後，基於自願或非自願發生的所有預付款、負債、債務和責任，不論債務如何產生， （包括但不限於，賣方對已用自己的帳戶、動產文書或一般無體物向買方提供擔保利益的第三方之負債，並進而包括但不限於，賣方在協議等項下欠付買方的全部律師費、支出、費用、保險費、運費和利息） ，不論債務是否已經到期、是否必然發生、是否已清算、是否已決，不論賣方是單獨或與他人連帶承擔責任，不論債務的追償是否已經或將會受到時效法的阻礙，也不論債務是否已經或將要無法強制執行，賣方應當即時、充分和善意的履行、遵守和完成全部條款、條件、協議、陳述、擔保義務和這些協議項下賣方應當履行的條款。 -
The terms indebtedness and obligations are （ hereinafter collectively referred to as the obligations ） used herein in their most comprehensive sense and include any and all advances ， debts ， obligations and liabilities of seller ， heretofore ， now ， or hereafter made ， incurred or created ， whether voluntarily or involuntarily ， and however arising （ including ， without limitation ， indebtedness owing by seller to third parties who have granted buyer a security interest in the accounts ， chattel paper and general intangibles of said third party ； and further including ， without limitation ， any and all attorneys fees ， expenses ， costs ， premiums ， charges and interest owed by seller to buyer ， whether under the agreements ， or otherwise ） whether due or not due ， absolute or contingent ， liquidated or unliquidated ， determined or undetermined ， whether seller may be liable individually or jointly with others ， whether recovery upon such indebtedness may be or hereafter becomes barred by any statute of limitations or whether such indebtedness may be or hereafter becomes otherwise unenforceable ， and includes sellers prompt ， full and faithful performance ， observance and discharge of each and every term ， condition ， agreement ， representation ， warranty undertaking and provision to be performed by seller under these agreements
這里的術語「負債」 「債務」 （以下一併簡稱為債務）應按照各自最廣泛的含義被使用，債務包括賣方先前、現在和今後，基於自願或非自願發生的所有預付款、負債、債務和責任，不論債務如何產生， （包括但不限於，賣方對已用自己的帳戶、動產文書或一般無體物向買方提供擔保利益的第三方之負債，並進而包括但不限於，賣方在協議等項下欠付買方的全部律師費、支出、費用、保險費、運費和利息） ，不論債務是否已經到期、是否必然發生、是否已清算、是否已決，不論賣方是單獨或與他人連帶承擔責任，不論債務的追償是否已經或將會受到時效法的阻礙，也不論債務是否已經或將要無法強制執行，賣方應當即時、充分和善意的履行、遵守和完成全部條款、條件、協議、陳述、擔保義務和這些協議項下賣方應當履行的條款。 -
The theory of fault in the process of contacting and negotiation for contract was mentioned by germen jurits rudolf vou jhering in 1861. its meaning is when one party ' s civil wrong broke the statutory duty of reasonable care arisen from the principle of good faith, during the process of contacting and negotiation for contract, and cause other party ' s interests or reliance interest damages, the former must compensate for the later ' s loss. statutory obligation for fault in the process of contacting and negotiation for contract is different from that for breach of contract and that for tortuous acts
本文主要從以下幾個方面對締約過失責任理論、法律制度方面需完善的問題進行探討：一、對締約過失責任的概念和構成進行探討：二、對締約過失責任中缺失的對精神損害救濟的法律規定問題進行全面、系統的分析、論述；三、論述了締約過失責任與違約責任並存和競合的情形，在合同法上應允許締約過失責任與違約責任的並存、競合，充分保護權利人的合法利益；四、對締約過失責任法律制度應注重對締約過失行為的監控問題進行探討。 -
The insurer trespass the lawful line if he give insurance indemnity to malignant party, but it is law for the party to get insurance proceeds of covered perils in spite of their gross fault, without the damage to the public interest
對于其理論根據主要分為一般責任理論說、偶然性欠缺說、條件成就說、公益說和危險除外說。對于其適用范圍主要分為自己責任主義說和代表人責任主義說。 -
3 without prejudice to article 10. 2, a ground of relief under this clause relieves the party failing to perform from liability in damages, from penalties and other contractual sanctions, except from the duty to pay interest on money owing as long as and to the extent that the ground subsists
3在不違反第10 . 2條的前提下，本條款規定的免責事由使不能履行義務的一方免除了支付損害賠償金、罰金和其它合同制裁的責任，但只要該事由存在並持續，對于支付拖欠款項利息的責任則不能免除。 -
As the official, must build a party to better serve the people, being in power lands on feet for the people, first must raise the policy level, achieves scientifically studies the policy making, accurately understood grasps the policy, firmly carries out the policy, can complete ours each work, can realize people ' s basic interest, maintains, develops
作為公務員，要把立黨為公、執政為民落到實處，首先必須提高政策水平，做到科學地研究制定政策，準確地理解掌握政策，堅決地貫徹執行政策，才能把我們的各項工作做好，才能把人民群眾的根本利益實現好、維護好、發展好。 -
In the opinion of the sole director, no contract of significance to which the company was a party and in which a director had a material interest subsisted at the end of the period or at any time during the period
依據唯一懂事意見，公司自身作為合同一方，並且在該合同期滿后或合同期間，有股東可以從該合同中獲得物質上利益的合同，屬無效合同。 -
When it not only could n ' t express and integrate the benefits of people any more, but also was incapable of reforming its own disadvantage that was brought by the groups of vested interest, the gop would be abandoned by the people. that is the reason why the gop lost its ruling position after it had took office for many years. the decline of the gop in many countries puts forward a serious task to the chinese communist party
本文分析其它「老大黨」執政國家政黨體制變遷的過程，研究既得利益集團對政黨體制的影響，借鑒別國執政黨在克服危機改革過程中的得失與經驗教訓，就是要從中探索長期執政的政黨如何在執政過程中防止與糾正既得利益的消極影響，使政黨更好地履行其基本功能，從而鞏固自身的執政基礎、確保執政地位。 -
At the same time, because of the impulse of interest, the party providing the standard clauses often constitutes some impartial standard clauses, which probably infringes the legal rights and benefits of the other party, by right of its advantage in economy and the ability of concluding contract
但同時，格式條款提供方在利益的驅使下，憑借其在經濟和締約能力方面的優勢地位，往往制定一些不公正格式條款侵害合同相對人的合法權益。 -
If party a materially breaches this contract, party b or its successor in interest is entitled to terminate this contract or claim damages for the breach of contract
如果甲方實質性違反本合同，乙方或其權益繼受人有權終止本合同或要求得到違約賠償。 -
But in the course of contracting, both parties have entered into a special mutual - reliance relationship from the general social relationship. if one party ' s defaulting results in non - formation, invalidity, or rescission of a contract, non - defaulting party will bear the damages in interest brought about by trusting other party
但在締約階段，雙方當事人已由一般社會關系進入到一種互相信賴的特定關系中，如果因為一方的過錯行為使合同不成立、無效或被撤銷等，無過失一方就會因信賴而出現利益上的損失。 -
Real property registration offers the " passive reliance interest " to the third party in the transaction, that is to say, there is no alternation of real right without registration
這樣一方面保護了交易安全，另一方面也兼顧了真權利人的利益，使法更公平正義.本部分為本論文的核心部分 -
Article 32 when the registration of water rights may affect a third party in interest, the undertaking of such a third party or other supporting documents shall be submitted in addition to the application form
第32條（第三人承諾書之加具）水權登記與第三人有利害關系時，應于申請書外，加具第三人承諾書，或其他證明文件。 -
Article 36 within fifteen ( 15 ) days of the announcement made pursuant to the preceding two articles, a party in interest may file an opposition to the authority - in - charge by submitting a statement of reasons and supporting evidence
第36條（異議期間）依前二條公告后，利害關系人得於十五日內，附具理由及證據，向主管機關提出異議。 -
According to recent legislation of electronic certification, my paper points out the legal relationship of electronic certification should be contract involved in the third party ' s interest and providing service. based on it, my paper studies the right and duty and liability among certification authority, holder of electronic certification and trustee of electronic certification. then, my paper studies elementarily government supervision and administration of the market of electronic certification
本文針對當前電子認證立法，提出電子認證法律關系應該是「涉及第三人利益的、提供服務的合同關系」 ，並以此為基礎，詳細研討了電子證書持有人、信賴人和電子認證機構的權利義務責任，同時，對電子認證的監管作了初步研討。
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