present value standard 中文意思是什麼
present value standard
解釋
現值標準-
This text begins with analysis that our country appraises the confusion of the system at present in real example, exposing ontology question of the scientific knowledge in terms of philosophy of science, regarding this as the platform, the text has analysed the concept of the scientific evidence, procedure function of the scientific evidence, studied the value of the scientific evidence, put forward standard that scientific evidence can adopt should be : the scientific knowledge of the basis has validity, relevancy with the factum probanda the method and conclusion have reliability
本文以法官如何審查認定科學證據，限制專家話語權擴張對糾紛解決機制的侵襲為立論平臺，從實證分析我國目前鑒定體制的混亂切入，從科學哲學的角度闡述了科學知識的本體論問題，以此為平臺，分析了科學證據的概念、科學證據的程序功能，研究了科學證據的價值，提出科學證據可採的標準應當是：依據的科學知識具有有效性，與待證事實具有相關性，方法和結論具有可靠性。 -
From the second to the fifth chapter such problems concerning state - owned property right are illustrated respectively as its definition, valuation and price fixing and capital sources of undertaking party and the disposal and use of transfer income. problems are raised with regard to the process of current property right system diversity in state - owned enterprises, such as the disagreement to the definition of state - owned property right, no standard of evaluation, imperfection of price fixing system and relative confusion of transfer income disposal and use. what ' s more, new solutions are offered : the probe into state - owned property right definition " changsha model " is confirmed positively ; two specific ways of quantification - - " the method of average growth rate of state - owned property right " and " the method of average cost of labor in market " ; the concept " present value of earnings " is applied to the property evaluation of receivable accounts, finished goods, invisible assets and so on ; the unjust in price fixing of state - owned property right can be avoided by improving property valuation methods, perfecting capital market especially property right trading market and bettering information publishing system ; as to the guarantee problem of human resources financial contribution, an original key is offered
第一章運用產權理論對國企產權多元化改革進行經濟學分析；第二章至第五章主要圍繞國有產權的界定問題、評估問題、定價問題、承接方的資金來源問題、轉讓收入的處置運用問題分別進行闡述，指出了當前國企產權多元化過程中存在著國有產權界定不統一、評估不規范、定價機制不完善、處置運用相對混亂等諸多問題，並提出新的解決思路：肯定國有產權界定「長沙模式」的積極探索意義，提出量化職工創造剩餘價值的「國有資產平均增長率法」和「平均市場勞動成本法」 ；將「收益現值」概念運用到對應收賬款、產成品、無形資產等資產評估之中；應從完善資產評估方法、完善資本市場特別是產權交易市場和健全信息公開機制三個方面來解決國有產權定價不公問題；就人力資本出資的擔保問題提出實際債務承擔額（比例）應小於名義出資額（比例）的新思路，並認為人力資本市場上的交易價格應包括絕對出資額和相對出資額兩部分。 -
In order to set up the compensation standard of land value which is the key problem in the reform of land expropriation system at present, the paper aims at probing the rational, valid and operational method of calculating the compensation of land expropriation, finding the rational way to compensate the land value and reestablishing the land expropriation system of china. after comparing the domestic and international land expropriation system and the way of establish the compensation standard, the paper confirms that the land expropriation system and the compensation standard of china should be reformed at three aspects : confirming farmland ' s property rights, defining of the range of land expropriation and making a price market - based. based on even chance of property right, introducing the market mechanism and ownership market into land expropriation system, the paper raises the viewpoint of setting up the farmland ' s development right
通過國內外土地徵用制度及補償標準確定方式的對比，明確了我國土地徵用制度及補償標準改革要從農地產權、征地范圍界定、市場化定價三個方面著手；從產權平等的角度分析了征地制度中引入市場機制的重要性以及建立所有權市場的可能性，提出了增設農地發展權的觀點；通過界定發展權的歸屬，指明補償標準確定的價值取向，重建我國地價補償標準體系? ?基於產權平等的公平補償體系，包括公益性徵用和非公益性徵用補償；在耕地資源價值構成研究的基礎上，提出了耕地資源價值由經濟產出價值，社會保障價值和生態服務價值構成，並通過外部性理論、生態系統價值評價方法、工農業「剪刀差」等的研究，重構了公益性徵用的地價補償構成及量化方法；在此基礎上概算了全國2000年公益性徵用中地價補償價格；通過地租理論對土地轉用增值空間定性定量研究，重建了非公益性徵用中地價補償的構成，並指出在我國特定條件下，非公益性徵用補償是非公益性用地逐漸退出徵用過程轉向市場化配置的過渡。 -
After getting the standard difference and beta index of after risks, it gets three measuring figures : shape performance index, treyner performance index and jesen performance index through establishing the after feature line model, and compared them. finally, combining with the present situation of investment fund in china, using the investment fund performance evaluation research at home and abroad as the reference, adopting indexes such shape, treyner, jesen, stock net selection rate and c value, it evaluates the performance of investment funds in china in four aspectsxomprehensive performance measurement of investment funds. stock selection capacity. market opportunity seizing capability and investment portfolio ; and mares a case analysis on the ten representative funds in china
最後，結合我國的投資基金的具體現狀，借鑒國內外同行對投資基金績效評估的研究，運用夏普業績指數、特雷諾指數、詹森業績指數、股票凈選擇率、 c值等指標，從投資基金的綜合業績度量、股票選擇能力、市場時機把握能力和投資組合分析四個方面對我國投資基金的績效進行了評估，並對在我國投資基金中有代表性的十隻基金進行了實證分析。 -
Since long ago, because accountant profit target can reflect in the financial report form simply and brightly, therefore at present still goes on the market by the investors as the appraisal of company value standard
會計利潤指標因其簡單、明了的特點，被投資者作為評估上市公司價值的標準。 -
Result of study indicate high school student, ethnic minority of guangxi, total creativity competence relatively high at present, mean value is 98. 96, in other words the standard divides into 9 fen, but creativity level differs greatly in students, and city and student creativity of outlying district difference of competences extremely remarkable, urban students " creativity overall level is higher than students in the outlying district
研究結果表明，目前廣西少數民族高中生總體的創造力水平較高，均值為98 . 96 ，相當于標準分9分，但學生中創造力水平的差異較大，而且城市與邊遠地區的學生創造力水平的差異極為顯著，城市學生的創造力總體水平高於邊遠地區的學生。 -
Investigates its reason, we through the thorough research economic rules and regulations value orientation, can discover : at present our country economic rules and regulations value orientation is three kinds, also is embarks from " the national interest standard theory ", flaw market side benefit value orientation and marketing campaign main body social responsibility value orientation
究其原因，我們通過深入的研究經濟法的價值取向，就會發現:目前我國經濟法價值取向是單維的，也就是從「國家利益本位論」出發，缺失了市場方的利益價值取向和市場活動主體的社會責任價值取向。 -
As the information era proceeds, highly developed digital image processing technique and communication technique make multimedia communication possible, and it is now on the way of progress. video conference have received more attention as an example of multimedia. in this paper we first describe the construction and characteristic of the video conference system and analyze the theory of protocol with itu - t h. 323 recommendation which inculde video and audio codec standard, communication control protocol h. 245. call signalling protocol h. 225, as well as procedures within these protocols define how these components communicate. also an experimental video conferencing system is designed and some relating key technologies are studied, which include multithread programming, transmission technology, mcu technology, qos mechanism and so on. especially, a video codec based on h. 263 recommendation with high fram rate as well as high compression ratio is researched and implemented because of importance of video application, which solves the bad image reconstrction quality problem existed in the most present video systems that adopt h. 261 video compression algorithm. by using these technologies. a video conferencing system is implemented based on lan. the system that the paper provides is easy to implement and the results of exmperiment is good. such system can be widely used in the fields such as business conference, distance education etc. and it is of good practical value
隨著信息時代的前進，數字圖像處理技術和通信技術的高度發展，多媒體通信已成為可能並已初具規模，視頻會議作為它的一個具體應用實例受到普遍關注。本文首先對國際電信聯盟itu - t制定的基於分組交換的多媒體通信h . 323系列建議進行了闡述，其中包括ip網路視頻會議系統的結構組成、視頻傳輸標準、音頻傳輸標準、系統的信息碼流、通信控制協議h . 245和呼叫信令協議h . 225以及會議系統的進行過程。在此基礎上給出了ip視頻會議的實現的整體框架，為系統的軟體實現進行了模塊的劃分和整體設計，分析了各個模塊的功能、作用。 -
In thes paper, we set up a risk quantiative appraisal system for the scientific risk management of the real estate invesbent whih is based on the probability theory, mathematial statistics and fmancial anaiysis theorythis system developes the application of the probability theory and mathematical statishcs to the risk appraisal on the base of current risk appraisal methods. what ' s more, in orde to filfulthe need of prachcal application, we create a set of risk - fmance index models in whih we analyze five kinds of twortant risk in the real estate investinen from their orighs, such as the general price fluctuation risk, the markt risk, the interest rate risk, the operation risk and the decision risk. ih the system, standard deviation of the npv ( net present value ) is uesed as the quantitative index of the singe risks and the whole risk. in addition, we connect the system with risk avoiding tactics in the risk managemen of a proect. all these provide a decision basis for risk management
本文應用概率論、數理統計、財務分析等理論為房地產投資風險的科學管理建立了一套風險定量評價系統。該系統是在現有的風險評價方法的基礎上，將概率論和數理統計的理論在風險評價中的應用進一步深化。並結合房地產投資的實際，從風險形成的原因出發，針對其中影響較大的幾類風險像利率風險、物價風險、行業風險、經營風險、決策風險，建立了一套風險- - -財務指標評價模型，運用凈現值的標準差這一指標將房地產投資所面臨的個體風險和整體風險定量化，同時與項目風險管理中的風險規避策略有機地結合在一起，為房地產投資的風險管理提供了決策的依據。 -
Curriculum resource are ample ; have such features as abundance, openness, discrepancy, liveliness and many qualities. the thesis surveys several faults ideas in present the critical circle and practical layers when they realize and practice the curriculum resource. the thesis also classifies the curriculum resource from many angles and teaching - layers and system of curriculum resource. the thesis advocate that the value orientation of curriculum resource development is to make each school of various places reach the national curriculum standard level to fully degree, make the local education and schools more characteristics, and students more personalization
為此，對課程資源開發中的理念問題進行了闡釋：課程資源是豐富的，其具有豐富性、開放性、差異性、多質性和生動性等特點；審視了目前理論界和實踐層在認識課程資源時所存有的幾種誤區；從多角度對課程資源進行分類，構建了課程資源的次序和系統；主張課程資源開發的價值取向是使各地區各學校最大程度地達到國家課程標準，使地方教育更有特點，學校更有特色，學生更具有個性化。 -
The article calculate the sale income, gross cost, income, cash flow, internal rate of return, net present value, payback period in etc. then i contrast analysis result of calculating with one of feasibility study and national standard, i have got a conclusion to analysis though ca7200e3 transformation - shell project from 2000 to 2005 management result can not achieve than assume, but this project management result is better than national standard. in conclusion the project is successful. 38 - 40 as proceeding the assessment, the article also gives many suggestion on the future of the project. i have a lot analysis from several aspect, they includes project background analysis, market analysis, project condition analysis, finance analysis, etc. these analysis prove that the project is feasibility
論文比較分析ca7200e3變速器整體前殼項目可研預期與項目實際運行的符合度，找出項目實際運行與可研預測之間偏差產生的原因;論文首先對項目立項決策科學性、產品技術方案可靠性、原材料供應經濟性、組織機構和人力資源配置合理性進行了綜合評價;然後對項目建設中費用、進度、質量、合同、信息管理工作存在問題進行了系統分析評價;接下來對項目運行狀況從產量、效益多方面進行分析，找出項目運行中存在的主要問題，並分析了問題產生的主要原因;最後在項目產品未來發展需求預測基礎上結合項目立項后評價、建設后評價、特別是運營狀況后評價所發現的問題，對如何提高該項目管理水平給出了相關建議。
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