public income and expenditure 中文意思是什麼

public income and expenditure 解釋
政府收支
  • public : adj （opp private）1 公共的，公眾的，公用的；人民的，社會的，國家的；政府的，公營的，公立的。2 （...
  • income : n （定期）收入，所得，收益。 an earned [unearned] income 勞動[不勞]所得。 draw a large income 收...
  • and : n. 1. 附加條件。2. 〈常 pl. 〉附加細節。
  • expenditure : n. 1. （時間、勞力、金錢等的）支出，花費。2. 消費；開銷；費用，經費。3. 支出額，消費額。
  1. Hong kong s existing tax base is very narrow by international standards, relying on only a limited range of taxes and non - tax income to support our public expenditure

    以國際標準來說，香港現有的稅基非常狹窄，只依賴有限的稅種及非稅項收入來應付公共開支。
  2. Aside from assessing the eligibility of an applicant based on hisher household income and asset, medical social workers also take into account various non - financial factors such as ( i ) the patient s clinical conditions ; ( ii ) whether the patient is a person with a disability or a single parent with dependent children ; ( iii ) whether a fee waiver can help solve the patient s family problems ; and ( iv ) whether a patient has any special expenditure requirements that make it difficult for himher to afford public medical fees

    醫務社工除了根據病人每月家庭收入和資產值去評估經濟情況外，亦會同時考慮各項非經濟因素，例如（ i ）病人的臨床情況、 （ ii ）病人是否殘疾人士或須供養子女的單親家長、 （ iii ）減免收費能否幫助病人解決家庭問題；以及（ iv ）病人是否因需付特別開支而令其難以支付公共醫療服務費用。
  3. However, excessive tax competition may weaken the effectiveness of the tax incentives, hence incuring welfare loss ; ( ii ) in a non - cooperation tax competition equilibrium, it turns out that tax rates are set too low to fiance an efficient level of public expenditure, especially lowers the provision of the public goods benefiting residents ; ( iii ) competition for capital means the revenue from capital income taxation declines. in order to maintain the necessary public expenditure, the government would shift tax burden towards the more immobile labor, which may arouse the inequity issues on redistribution. chapter 3 : " the strategy of international tax competition and optimal capital taxation.

    但過度的稅收競爭反而會減弱稅收激勵政策的有效性，降低一國福利水平；其二，在非合作均衡狀態下，國際稅收競爭使所有國家的資本課稅都維持在缺乏效率的低稅率狀態，從而不能獲取足夠的財政收入，導致公共產品提供不足；其三，旨在吸引資本流入的稅收競爭，普遍降低了對資本所得的課稅，但政府為了獲取足夠的財政收入以維持正常的支出，會將本來由資本承擔的一部分稅負轉移到流動性較弱的勞動力身上。
  4. However, with the proceeding of several reforms, our government is facing many urgent demands of expenditure, such as the construction of social security system, the matched money for the reform of tax and fee in countryside, compulsory education expenditure, necessary money supported by government in the development of west region and so on. in the situation that the fiscal income is in shortage, the government can not finance public universities as before, and higher education is listed behind the order of government expenditure

    但是，隨著我國各項改革的推進，政府面臨許多迫切的支出需要，如社會保障體系構建、農村稅費改革的政府配套資金、義務教育支出、西部大開發中政府配套資金的支持等，在財政收入並不寬裕的情況下，政府再像原來那樣對所有公立高校提供主要的資金支持已不可能，高等教育在政府資金支出序列中已越來越靠後。
  5. Based on this model, we studies the simultaneous existence of the agent ' s optimal capital stock and income, the government ' s optimal tax and public expenditure ( we call the combination as an equilibrium mechanism ), this essay draws the equivalent proposition of equilibrium mechanism existing and converts the former problem into another problem of selecting public sector mechanism that only includes the government behavior

    在此模型中，我們研究了消費者的最優資本存量和收入，以及政府的最優稅收和公共花費的存在性（我們把上述的四元組合稱為一個均衡機制） 。本文先建立了均衡機制存在性的一個等價命題，然後將均衡機制存d碩士學位論文n wymunr 』 stimis在性問題轉化為只有政府行為的公共部門機制選擇問題，從而得到最優稅收等的存在性。
  6. They are agricultural productive materials price growth rate, sown area of grain crops growth rate, grain yield per area growth rate -, natural disaster covered grain areas growth rate, net grain import change rate, grain reserve change rate, population growth rate, per income growth rate, city and town population growth rate, food industry production value growth rate, year - end pig number growth rate, medical & pharmaceutical and textile industry production value growth rate, grain marketization degree, inflation rate using the previous year as base year ( preceding year = 100 ), public grain purchases price growth rate, investment in agricultural science and technology growth rate, investment in agricultural infrastructure growth rate, growth rate of graduates number from agriculture, forestry, science & technology universities and colleges and specialized secondary schools, government expenditure for agriculture and agricultural credit growth rate, international grain price growth rate, rmb exchange rate growth rate, last grain price growth rate, economic crop price growth rate, meanwhile, a new method is attempted to be used in this paper and the grain price early - warning problem is transformed into machine learning problem by introducing statistic learning theory and svm method which are gaining popularity in machine learning field at present in the world

    在此基礎上，篩選出23個警兆指標：農用生產資料價格增長率、糧食播種面積增長率、糧食單產增長率、糧食受災面積增長率、糧食凈進口量變化率、糧食儲備變動率、人口增長率、人均收入增長率、城鎮人口增長率、食品工業產值增長率、豬年末頭數增長率、醫藥紡織工業產值增長率、糧食市場化程度、以上年為基年的通貨膨脹率、國家糧食定購價格增長率、農業科技投入增長率、農業基礎設施投入增長率、農、林、科技高校大、中專畢業生人數增長率、財政支農資金比重及農業信貸增長率、國際糧食市場價格增長率、人民幣匯率增長率、上期糧食價格增長率、經濟作物價格增長率。同時論文在預警方法上作了新的嘗試，把糧食價格預警問題轉換成一個機器學習問題，引進當前國際上機器學習領域中比較熱門的統計學習理論和支持向量機方法，用順序回歸演算法對歷史數據進行學習建立了糧食價格預警模型。
  7. The passage analyze the negative effect of migration on the income gap, describe the motivations, constraints and characteristics of migration, then analyze the discrimination on migrants in urban labor market and other aspects in a political economy approach. we find and criticize the reasons that urban interest groups discriminate the migrant in the neoclassical growth theory and public expenditure theory approach. the resistance of migration changes from non - historical normal institutions ( such as huko system ) to historical abnormal institutions ( such as employment discrimination )

    本文分析了人口流動對我國城鄉收入差異的消極影響，描述了我國人口流動的動機、限制條件以及特點，並給出了流動人口在城市勞動力市場及其它方面遭到歧視的政治經濟學分析，我們從新古典增長理論和公共支出理論給出了城市利益集團歧視農村流動人口的理由，並對此進行了批判;指出人口流動的阻力從非歷史性的正式制度（戶籍制度）向歷史性非正式制度（就業歧視）的演進。
分享友人
分享到 Line

分享到臉書