research and development expenditure 中文意思是什麼

research and development expenditure 解釋
科研支出
  • research : n. 1. 仔細搜索 （for, after）。2. 〈常 pl. 〉研究，調查，探測；追究。vt. ,vi. 追究；調查，研究 （sth. , into sth. ）。
  • and : n. 1. 附加條件。2. 〈常 pl. 〉附加細節。
  • development : n. 1. 發展，發達；進化。2. 展開；擴充；開發。3. 發達物，新事物，發展階段。4. 【生物學】發育（史）；【軍，數】展開；【攝影】顯影，顯像；【音樂】展開（部）；研製，研製成果。
  • expenditure : n. 1. （時間、勞力、金錢等的）支出，花費。2. 消費；開銷；費用，經費。3. 支出額，消費額。
  1. Part3 : the problems with china ' s fiscal policy on venture capital. the problems include : a definite and integrated system of fiscal law on venture capital has not be built up. the present tax law and code are not fit for the development. the government expenditure on tech - research and product - transform is not enough. the structure of government expenditure is not in reason. the efficiency of the go

    指出問題主要包括以下幾點： 1 、缺乏一種針對風險投資的明確而又完整的財稅法律與政策支持體系； 2 、現行稅收法律政策不利於風險投資業的發展； 3 、財政投入科技研發和成果轉化的資金總量不足，並且存在結構性問題，資金使用效率低下的問題普遍存在。
  2. 4. because of input - output is inefficiency, which is limited by the low concentration ratio and expenditure situation, enterprise ' s technological innovation motivation is not enough. this leads to research and development expenditures is poor, the width and deepness of products development is not enough

    受制於市場集中度不高和現有的消費狀況，投入產出效率低，乳品企業技術創新的激勵不足，造成企業研發經費投入和產品開發的深度、廣度不足。
  3. After the proposed extension, the scope of research and development expenditure deduction allowed under our regime will compare favourably with other jurisdictions

    有關的建議落實后，在本港稅制下可扣稅的研究開發開支的范圍，將較其他司法管轄區優勝。
  4. Although the research and development expenditure ( r & d ) could not completely represent venture capital, the analysis to it at least reveals the problems of insufficient input in our scientific research

    研究開發經費（ r & d ）雖然不能完全代表風險投資，但對它的分析至少可以反映我們科研投入不足的問題。
  5. The discuss starts from the " positive externalities " of tech - research and development, pointing out that the products of tech - research and development somewhat has the property of " public good ". without < wp = 8 > government ' s interfere, the intensity of tech - research and development by private section ca n ' t meet the need of " pareto optism " because of the " positive externalities ", as a result, the items of venture capital are insufficient and the development of venture captal will be pull back. rational policies of government expediture can internalize the " positive externalities " - transforming them to more revenue or less cost of the tech - research and development private suppliers. be feared of the high risk at the beginning of venture capital, the private section ca n ' t provide enough capital, the " capital gap " should be fetched up by government with equity capital, creditor ' s right capital, subcidy, at the same time, some other means, such as government purchase, credit guarantee, capital insurance, tax expenditure can promte private capital, is also important. in this part, the function of the above means, the establishment and enforcment of them are breafly discussed. because tax policies play a critical role in fiscal policy, r - y chart is used to analyse the relation between tax and venture capital, at last, a conclution is drawn : tax expenditure can promote venture capital

    這部分論述從科技研發成果的「外溢性」入手，指出科技研發成果在不同程度上具有「公共品」性質，這種外溢性使得在純市場條件下，私人部門研發活動強度達不到社會資源配置最優的要求，也使風險投資項目來源不足， < wp = 6 >阻礙風險投資的發展。合理的政府財政支出政策可以使「外溢性」內部化。之後，論述了風險投資資本來源與政府財政支出政策的關系，由於風險投資尤其是其初期的高風險性，民間風險資本不足，應由政府以股權及債權投資、補助等財政直接支出方式彌補資本缺口，運用政府采購、財政擔保、保險、貼息、稅收優惠等間接支出方式，鼓勵民間資本進入風險投資領域也同樣重要。
  6. Research and development ( r & d ) expenditure covers capital and current expenditures on r & d projects

    研究及發展（研發）開支涵蓋機構用於進行研發計劃的資本開支及經常開支。
  7. At the final part of the paper, implementing suggestions are proposed on agent management, enhancing the use of the sale expenditure, approving and control, improving the management of return product carry out elimination system for sales team, and research and development for medicine. it will give some reference for yantai zhongya pharmaceutical company

    文章最後，對中亞藥業公司的經銷商管理，加強銷售費用的使用、審批與控制、加強退換貨管理，對銷售隊伍實行淘汰制以及藥品的研發問題提出了實施建議，以供中亞藥業公司參考。
  8. Specialised technical knowledge, evidenced by more than 1, 300 existing patents, a generous level of expenditure on research and development, high - precision manufacturing to stringent standards of quality, plus round the clock service support through more than 30 branch operations worldwide, coordinated by a corporate culture of continuous innovation - these are just some of the factors which have contributed to the company ' s success

    擁有1300多項專利技術、高額的研發投入、生產中嚴把質量關、精益求精以及通過遍及全世界的30多個駐外辦事處提供24小時售後服務，這些只是衡量-個企業不斷創新走向成功的部分標準。
  9. Today, oocl is a leader in customer - focused applications and research and development expenditure will continue to reflect the prominence of information technology for the company

    公司目前是以客為尊的應用軟體領域的佼佼者，並將繼續增加研發費用，以反映集團信息技術的優勢。
  10. Dipn 5 is updated to reflect legislative change made to the inland revenue ordinance in 2004 for the expansion of the scope of deduction for research and development expenditure

    稅務條例曾於2004年作出修訂，以擴闊研究及開發開支的扣除范圍。 《稅務條例釋義及執行指引第5號》現予更新，以反映有關的法例修訂。
  11. Are given to investment in plant and machinery, buildings and structures, and capital expenditure on research and development, refurbishment and etc

    都十分優厚，范圍包括工業裝置和機械的投資、建築物和構築物的投資，以至研究發展、翻新等的資本開支。
  12. The company will apply the proceeds of approximately hk 58. 5 million from the subscription under the second tranche as to approximately hk 10 million for capital expenditure to upgrade the existing digital systems of the group, approximately hk 15 million for research and development and approximately hk 33. 5 million for general working capital of the group

    本公司將把第二期認購事項收到之所得款項約58 ， 500 ， 000港元中約10 ， 000 ， 000港元用於提升本集團現行數碼系統之資本開支約15 ， 000 ， 000港元用於研發，約33 ， 500 ， 000港元將撥充本集團之一般營運資金。
  13. The company will apply the net proceeds of approximately hk 52. 5 million from the subscription under the first tranche as to approximately hk 7. 8 million for capital expenditure to upgrade the existing digital systems of the group, approximately hk 15. 6 million for research and development and approximately hk 29. 1 million for general working capital of the group

    本公司將把第一期認購事項收到之所得款項凈額約52 ， 500 ， 000港元中約7 ， 800 ， 000港元用於提升本集團現行數碼系統之資本開支約15 ， 600 ， 000港元將用於研發，約29 ， 100 ， 000港元將撥充本集團之一般營運資金。
  14. Part2 : research on the relation between fiscal policies and venture capital. the high - tech items of commercial value is the subjest of venture capital. the volume of “ item flow " is determined by the intensity of tech - research and development. at the beginning of this part, the author discussed the connection between the source of venture capital and government expenditure

    第二部分為風險投資與政府財稅政策關系研究。具有技術創新性和商業價值的項目是風險投資的轉化對象和前提， 「項目流」的大小取決于科技研發活動的活躍程度。此部分首先論述了風險投資項目來源與政府財政支出的關系。
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