risk and companies 中文意思是什麼
risk and companies
解釋
風險與企業-
To research the status of the use of shell resource in china securities market, in this paper, firstly, i interpret the shell resource from the economic point of view, and point out the important significance of the study on the shell resource ; secondly, i analyze the status of the use of shell resource in our country at present including the motivation, means, benefits and cost of buying a shell ; thirdly, the status of the use of shell resource in the securities market is positive studied in the way of statistics by taking the civil listed companies as examples, this part is the emphasis of the paper ; at last, i analyze the cause that the shell resource was not used well in our securities market, and bring forward some advice at five aspects, such as perfecting the law condition of buying a shell, building up the measures of resisting risk etc
我們有必要對我國證券市場的殼資源利用狀況進行研究，以期對投資者的投資決策、證券市場監管的制定及殼資源利用績效的提高有所裨益。為了考察我國證券市場殼資源利用的狀況，本文首先從經濟學的角度對殼資源進行了解釋，並指出研究殼資源利用的重要意義；其次，分析了我國現階段殼資源利用的現狀，包括買殼的動機、方式、收益和成本；再次，以國內買殼上市企業為研究對象，用統計學的方法對我國證券市場殼資源利用狀況進行了實證分析，這部分是本文的重點；最後根據實證的結果，分析了我國證券市場殼資源利用不佳的原因，並從完善買殼的法律環境、增強風險防範措施等5方面提出了一些相應的建議。 -
Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law
再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。 -
With the electric industry reformation, the reorganization and non - regulated competition are going into the electric power field. this fact will both bring new vigor and entelechy, and will in some degree bring unavoidable risk to generation companies
在電力工業改革中，在電力領域進行電力結構重組和引入非管制競爭機制，既會給電力企業帶來新的活力和生機，也會在一定程度上給電力企業帶來不可避免的風險。 -
This concept implies that an enterprise needs to be concerned with its cash flow, its level of risk and the continuity of its development. it is the phylosophy of this concept that makes it popular and accepted by more and more global avanced companies
企業基本財務決策中，決定未來生產經營活動現金流量的唯一因素是投資決策，融資決策可能產生的稅盾效應也會對這一現金流量起部分修正作用。 -
Merger and acquisition ( m & a ) is a high - risk and high - return business. many companies hope to transfer the industry crisis, avoid the investment risk, solve the trouble of debts, decrease the cost of labor and expand the company ' s scale by m & a
企業並購是一項高風險與高利潤並存的商業行為，許多企業希望通過並購達到轉嫁產業危機，規避投資風險，化解企業債務，降低勞動力成本，擴張企業規模之目的。 -
The thesis is trying to implement the brand strategy to avoid the market risk and strengthen the market position of real estate companies for smooth development
本論文探索以消費者為中心進行品牌化建設以規避市場風險，加強公司的市場地位，實現公司的良性發展。 -
Conclusions could be drawn out through a positive analysis of some port companies : the factors that have a positive effect on the strategic target are the rate of main business return, the velocity of the assets, while the capital structure and the rate of the increase of the increase of investment have little effect, which illuminate that the port company should focus on the main business to enhance the return of net assets, it also shows that the business of the list port companies is over - concentrated, and should be diversified to lessen the operating risk ; the companies should accelerates the turnover speed of the assets ; the appropriate structure of the assets can bring benefit to a company, but the ultimate approach to enhance the return of the net assets is to look for items with high return ; the sightless investment made the increasing speed of return lag behind the expanding speed of the capital ; and result in no scale economic benefit
本文通過對部分港口類企業進行計量分析后發現港口企業的資本結構和投資對凈資產收益率沒有顯著的影響，而港口企業收入過分集中。針對未來財務環境發生的變化，本文從戰略財務管理的角度對南京港口集團公司提出以下建議：在投資領域，今後應以綜合物流為契機，專業化與多元化並重；適度發展集團化經營；優化資源配置，提高資產營運效率。在融資領域，要合理選擇融資渠道，降低融資成本，更多關注債務融資；確定合理的資本結構，控制負債風險，建立償債保障機制。 -
Which illuminate that the shipping company should focus on the main business to enhance the return of net assets, it also shows that the business of the list shipping companies is over concentrated, and should be diversified to lessen the operating risk ; the companies should accelerate the turnover speed of the assets ; the appropriate structure of the assets can bring benefit to a company, but the ultimate approach to enhance the return of the net assets is to look for items with high return ; the sightless investment made the increasing speed of return lag behind the expanding speed of the capital, and result in no scale economic benefit
本文通過對航運類上市公司進行計量分析后發現航運企業的資本結構和投資對凈資產收益率沒有顯著的影響，而航運企業收入過分集中。針對未來財務環境發生的變化，本文從財務戰略管理的角度提出以下建議：在投資領域，今後應以綜合物流為契機，專業化與多元化並重；適度發展集團化經營；優化資源配置，提高資產營運效率。在融資領域，要合理選擇融資渠道，降低融資成本，更多關注債務融資；確定合理的資本結構，控制負債風險，建立償債保障機制。 -
Thirdly, analyzes detailed charactic, the demand charactic of human being and development state of non - government high - tech listed company, and conf innate the necessity of earring out eso in non - government high - tech usted companies through analyzing company system, the structure of property right, moral risk and the atteration of governor
本文還詳細分析了民營高科技上市公司企業特徵、人才需要特徵及其發展現狀。並通過公司制度與產權結構、道德風險以及管理者更迭等三方面，證實了民營高科技上市公司實施經理股票期權的必要性。 -
( 2 ) listed companies illegal guarantee relatively magnitude, in these amount of external guarantee, the illegal guarantee have a relatively large proportion. ( 3 ) the situation of external guarantee ’ listed companies is not optimistic, especially those of the illegal guarantee ’ listed companies. ( 4 ) external guarantee ’ listed companies exist large financial risk, while those of the illegal guarantee ’ listed companies ’ financial risk is particularly prominent. ( 5 ) the capacity of listed companies ’ external guarantee is relatively weak, the illegal guarantee ’ listed companies are more obvious manifestations ; the amount of illegal guarantee account for a large proportion of the total amount of guarantee. ( 6 ) substantial amount of guarantees of loans concentrated in the companies with large risk, listed companies ’ illegal guarantees manifested with the form of affiliated transactions, and, illegal guarantees ’ listed companies existence concealing information, deliberate failure to fulfil the obligation of information disclosure
（ 4 ）對外擔保的上市公司存在比較大的財務風險，而那些違規擔保的上市公司的財務風險尤其突出。 （ 5 ）違規擔保的上市公司對外擔保能力比較弱，越是違規的上市公司在這方面的表現越明顯;違規擔保總額在這些違規擔保的上市公司的擔保總額中佔有很大的比例。 （ 6 ）大量的違規擔保貸款集中於風險比較大的公司之中;上市公司違規擔保以關聯交易的形式表現出來。 -
There is another approach. utilizing the basic theory of return and risk and the main methodologies and models of asset valuation, we can study the implied risk premium from the current share prices by incorporating stock analysts " forecast on companies " earnings and growth. by comparing the implied risk premium with the actual risk level of the particular investment, we can decide better whether its valuation is fair
在主要投資價值分析方法和分析模型基礎上，本文換了一個角度，從風險收益基礎理論出發，研究利用更符合實際的三階段估值模型，結合證券分析師對企業贏利和未來增長的估計，測算證券定價背後隱含的風險回報水平，通過考察風險補償率是否與該投資面臨的風險水平相匹配，來更好的解決證券定價合理評判這個問題。 -
The financial character has decided the high financial risk and crisis of expressway companies
高速公路公司的財務特點決定了其財務風險極大，甚至可能引發財務危機。 -
The frequent fluctuation of foreign exchange rate makes multinational companies confront huge foreign exchange risk and affects unfavorably the value of the foreign exchange reserve
外匯市場的頻繁波動使得跨國經營企業面臨著巨大的外匯風險，同時極大影響了我國巨額外匯儲備的價值。 -
Basic finance theory says that investors can get the best balance of risk and reward by owning pieces of as many of the world ' s asset classes as they can, from stocks to gold, alpacas to saffron. for years, the s and p 500 - stock index of the biggest u. s. companies was the best approximation of that ideal available to investors and they flocked to it. but in the past decade, the world ' s financial markets have changed in unexpected ways
對于這些大公司的藍籌股一直勢態低迷的情況，文章從歷史分析入手，通過90年代後期藍籌股的異常牛市來解釋當期一蹶不振的原因：一方面是隨著20世紀末市場化全球化的進程，經濟發展的大爆發，藍籌股指數達到一個過高的頂點，之後很難再超過另一方面是經濟過熱之後的適當緊縮，以及911等事件對美國經濟的打擊，藍籌相對于小企業股票的應變性差的問題。 -
Nevertheless, quite a few operating staff in part of commercial banks and foreign trading companies has very limited knowledge of the roles, function, risk and operation of bank guarantee
目前在我國的部分商業銀行以及一些外貿、對外承包企業中，仍然有不少業務人員對銀行保函這一信用形式的作用、功能、風險以及業務處理方式不甚了解。 -
Analyzing different specific accounting business in different asset reorganization, we also analyze the problems produced in analysis. through the extensive investigation of reorganization in listed companies, analyzes the current situations of reorganization in details. in view of the mal - position of asset reorganization in listed company, point out it is an edge behavior but never a " window - dressing " tool, whose risk and price should be measured in practice with financial theory
通過對近年來上市公司資產重組業務的廣泛調查，對當前我國上市公司資產重組的現狀進行了具體分析，並針對上市公司資產重組定位中存在的種種誤區，提出資產重組是調整企業邊界的交易行為，與此相對應的會計理論和實務也應該能夠計量和報告重組中的風險和代價，而不應該成為粉飾企業的工具。 -
Risk and companies
風險與企業 -
An enterprise " investment activity needs to choose scientific strategy pattern and various " going out " models suitable for ourselves according to those comprehensive factors such as the investment risk and cost of a host country, the domestic industry development etc. as an enterprise in the developing country, we have a great difference from the developed countries and the multi - national companies both in the eye of its force and experience
一是經濟全球化迅猛發展，中國企業應如何應對其機遇和挑戰。據統計， 2001年全球大約有跨國公司6 . 5萬家，它們擁有約85萬家國外分支機構，其產值已佔世界總產值的1 3以上，其內部和相互間的貿易已佔世界貿易額的60以上，對外直接投資佔全球跨國直接投資的90左右。 -
Limited partnership is a form of organization of the company and it has incomparable advantage over common partnership and companies, which makes it the best choice for risk investment
有限合夥作為一種企業組織形式，具有普通合夥和公司無法比擬的優勢，是風險投資的最佳中介選擇。 -
To control the investment risk, western companies usually hold in the capital by the stockholder, while in china, the capital in moderate and big state - owned companies is public - owned which to some extent seems like a government function. so it is impossible to be fully market orientated
為了控制投資風險，西方企業採取的是股東約束資本，而我國大中型企業的資本是公有資金，帶有某種程度的政府行為，其動作方式不可能完全市場化。
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