river processes 中文意思是什麼

Secondly, based on the microbeam analytical technique, on the one hand, through investigating the characteristic of major elements in the mantle minerals the author acquired the static information from mantle ; on the other hand, through multi - point analysis of a part of the minerals from mantle, the auther got dynamic information from mantle. finally, generalizating the fruits of this study and predecessors, the autor holds that the constituents of lithospheric mantle possibly includes spinel lherzolites, clinopyroxenites, websterite, dunite, harzburgites, garnet lherzite, phlogopite lherzite, eclogites, clinopyroxene megacrysts ; compared with east china and north china platform, the research field mantle shows the characteristics of higher degree of partial melting processes and more depleted mantle ; the. upper mantle beneath north hetian area is heterogeneous, with a tendency of deficit in a12o3 and lree from kaliyang in west hetian to the river basin of kalakshi river and yulongkashi river ; the subduction of the crust beneath north hetian has ever occurred in geological history and caused the mixing of mantle - crust ; the depth of the origination of basaltic magmas beneath north hetian exceeds 73km ; the thickness of the lithosphere beneath the research area amounts to 204. 9km ; the mantle beneath north hetian has geological condtions for forming diamond deposits

最後，綜合本區幔源礦物和地幔巖石的特徵以及地球物理資料，得出如下結論：本區上地幔的物質組成有尖晶石二輝橄欖巖、二輝巖、單斜輝石巖、純橄欖巖、方輝橄欖巖、石榴石二輝橄欖巖、金雲母二輝橄欖巖、榴輝巖；與中國東部以及華北地臺上地幔相比，研究區上地幔具有富集主元素中相容元素和虧損其中的不相容元素的特徵，局部熔融程度較高；上地幔存在橫向和縱向的不均一性，從西部的克里陽到喀拉喀什河和玉龍喀什河流域， al和lree富集程度呈下降趨勢，不同來源的相同礦物中主元素的含量差異較大；地質歷史時期這里可能發生過地殼俯沖並產生殼幔混合作用；玄武巖漿的起源深度73km ；從幔源重砂礦物的溫壓估算結果，可以推斷出巖石圈厚度可達204 . 9km ；綜合巖石圈物質組成特徵、巖石圈熱狀態、地幔溫壓狀態、氧逸度以及幔源巖石和幔源礦物的化學成分，認為研究區具備了金剛石成礦地幔地質條件。

To improve understanding of the processes of heterogeneous land surface - atmosphere interaction, the utilization of satelli te remote sensing is indispensadle. in this paper, with the aid of satellite remote sensing and fiend observational data which observed during intensive observation of huaihe river bain energy and water cycle experiment hubex in 1998, the surface albedo, ndvi normalized difference vegetaton index and surface temperature in regional scale of hubex could be derived. then, the distribution of regional energy balance components could be estimated. this wor provided the physical foundation for the numerical simulation of the huaihe river basin energy and water pro cesses, and is important for us to further analyze the regional distribution of surface characteristic parameters ad energy balance components with the change of the weather situation in hubex in 1998. our work is still in a developing stage, some methods of retrieval in the paper should be improved further

利用1998年淮河流域加密觀測試驗hubex iop期間的資料，進行淮河流域能量平衡的參數化方案的研究，用noaa衛星的avhrr資料建立了試驗區地表特徵參數及能量平衡各分量的參數化方程，並對衛星遙感反演結果和試驗觀測值進行了對比，為淮河流域能量和水循環的數值模擬提供了物理依據。

Hydrological processes of a dark coniferous forested watershed in the upper reaches of yangtze river

長江上游暗針葉林流域水文過程分析

Abstract : digital basinis made from digital elevation model considering spatial variability within a catchment. on the basis of digital basin, the digital approach to describing hydrological processes within a catchment is investigated. digital hydrological model is regarded as a modern physically - based modeling technique that includes a large amount of information. the case study on the shiguanhe catchment in the huaihe river basin, intensified observation field of gewex asian monsoon experiment project, has shown that the digital mode lperforms very well not only in simulating runoff processes at any specific site, but also in simulating spatial distribution and temporal variation of hydrological elements and state variable ( especially soil moisture ), if compared with traditional hydrological models. that provides solid foundation for full use of now available observation in formation and in - depth mining of hydrological data

文摘:考慮流域下墊面空間變異性，基於數字高程模型構建了數字流域，並在此基礎上對描述流域水文物理過程的數字方法進行了探討.文章認為，數字水文模型是一種有物理基礎的包含大容量信息的現代模擬技術.史灌河流域實例研究表明，數字水文模型可以十分方便地輸出水文要素和狀態變量的空間分佈與時間序列，這對充分利用現有觀測信息進行水文信息的深層挖掘創造了條件

Speciality in consultation field : research, design and supervision for sediment engineering in rivers, harbors and waterways, inclusive of river processes, flow and sediment motion, flood control engineering, selection of harbor location, navigation training works, bridge, and water supply projects, etc

從事河流治理和港口航道方面的泥沙工程科學研究和設計、監理工作，包括河道演變和水流泥沙運動規律、防洪工程、河港選址和航道整治工程、橋梁和取水工程等方面。

By computing the water level and sedimentation processes with and without considering the extension of flow path, the results show that the effect of the river mouth path extension on the sedimentation of the trail channel is a longer period of evolution for several years or even over 10 years, and furthermore, the effect becomes weaker and weaker gradually from downstream to upstream in general

通過比較考慮和不考慮入海流路淤積延伸2種情況的計算水位和淤積量的變化得出：單一的河口延伸對下遊河道淤積的影響過程是一個相對較長的過程，需要幾年、甚至十幾年的發展，影響程度自下游到上游逐漸減弱。

The 0. 28xl0 ~ _ ( 9 ) t carbon derived from atmospheric co _ ( 2 ) is transferred from atmosphere and biosphere to the ocean by surface rock weathering processes. in order to monitor the quality of the river, it is also important to understand the natural flux of dissolved ions

珠江流域3條主要支流的化學風化過程存在明顯差異，西江和北江流基本以碳酸鹽類溶解為主，而東江河水扣除大氣降水的來源外，溶解質基本出自硅酸鹽類的風化。

In this passage, author has studied the quota of irrigation that can make water used economically for various plants, if the irrigation quota can be lowered from 6795 m3 / a to 4500 m3 / a during the processes of irrigation, there will be a saving water amount of 3. 386million m3 / a, in shiyang river basin. there is no doubt that we can open the second source of river water that can provide the possibility of transporting 300 million m3 / a water amount to lower reaches of the river. in this paper, there are some analysis and prospects for the future situation of supply and demand of water resources in 2010

民勤水資源減少的主要原因是人為因素，如全流域人口增加、中上游耕地面積擴大，用水量增加，造成灌區重心上移；沒有樹立可持續發展觀，在經濟中搞短期行為；對石羊河流入民勤水量不斷減少、地表水、地下水轉化活躍、生態用水問題突出等方面進行了分析論證；對目前開發利用現狀、供需狀況進行了較為詳細的計算和評價；通過對各種農作物節水灌溉定額的研究，若從現狀灌溉定額6795m ~ 3 ha降低到4500m ~ 3 ha實施灌溉，石羊河流域將節水3 . 3867億m ~ 3 ，這無疑于開辟了第二水源，提供了向下游調水3億m ~ 3的可能性。

The outcomes show that the rational annual volume of water regulation should be 16 billion m ^ 3 under the joint actions of three random processes of annual water deficit of huayuankou station, carrying capacity of the main river and distribution volume of huayuankou and ; the plan of annual water regulation of 17 billion m ^ 3 and 8 billion m ^ 3 is also feasible

結果表明：在花園口站年缺水量、黃河幹流輸水能力和花園口配水量3個隨機過程共同作用下，合理的年調水量應為160億立方公尺；年調水170億立方公尺和80億立方公尺，也是可行的方案。

This model is validated by a subsurface flow separation algorithm for an ex - ample river basin, which shows that the new model can simulate the subsurface flow reasonably. keywords : subsurface runoff parameterization, boussinesq - storage equation, water storage and re - charge. hydrological processes including surface runoff, subsurface runoff, and soil water movement play a great role in land surface processes

文中基於boussinesq - storage方程建立了同時考慮潛水面水分儲存和非飽和層水分入滲兩方面影響的地下徑流機制，並利用流域水文資料以及地下徑流分離演算法驗證了所建立模型的可靠性，結果表明該模型能夠比較合理地模擬地下徑流的變化情況

This study used water samples taken from fon - lin region in hualien river basin and analyzed their hydrogen and oxygen isotopes to investigate the possible sources and evolution processes of groundwater and river water flow

摘要本研究利用氫、氧同位素針對花蓮溪上游鳳林開發區地下水及地表水水文特性進行分析，判斷該區域地下水的補注源及地表與地下水間的相互關系。

River restoration mainly includes the recoveries of river morphologies and that of hydrological processes

摘要河流生態修復主要包括河流地貌特徵的修復和水文特徵的恢復。

Therefor, in the light of theory and methods of karst hydrogeomorphology and the knowledge of transformation, balance and variation of matter and energy in karst drainage basin, we can examine stone forest within a specific scope of time and space, and reveal the mechanism and the development model of stone forest with the help of the principle of the mutual response processes among base - level, water flow and forms. just based on the understanding above, the paper, with a special reference to the lunan stone forest which is the best developed one in china, discusses the hydro - geomorphlogical structure of the bajiang river, geomorphological types and spacial distribution feature of the stone forest, and studies the erosion rate on the top of stone forest, soil erosion rate, sub - soil dissolution rate and their combined influences on the evolution of stone forest, furtherly brings forward and demostrates the " tri - level erosion " mechanism for the development of stone forest

正是基於這種認識，本文以我國石林發育最完美的路南石林為研究對象，研究了巴江喀斯特流域的水文地貌結構特徵、石林的形態類型及其空間分佈特徵；探討了石柱頂部的剝蝕速率（ a ） 、表土剝蝕速率（ s ） 、土下溶蝕強度（ c ）及其組合對石林發育的影響，提出並論證了路南石林發育的「三重剝蝕」機制；通過對石林發育必備條件的剖析，以及對巴江喀斯特流域演變階段的定量研究、水文地貌系統的空間耦合分析，探討了巴江喀斯特流域的演變與路南石林發育間的關系，並結合該流域的演化史，提出了巴江喀斯特流域演變與路南石林發育的模式。

However, although prechlorination efficiently removed algae, its effect was directly related to the quantity of algae and was more obvious in the period of algae bloom. with regard to yellow river water in winter with low temperature and low turbidity, it was discovered that preozonation did not result in a substantial removal of total organic carbon ( toc ), but a remarkable uv254. it was further revealed that preozonation changed the characteristics and structure of organic matters and then enhanced removal efficiencie s of them by subsequent processes

對于夏季高藻期水質，高錳酸鉀預氧化對有機物有一定的去除能力，並能提高后續工藝出水水質；預氯化能顯著去除藻類，但后續工藝出水水質受藻類數量影響明顯，預氯化只有在高藻期才能提高后續常規處理工藝出水水質；對于冬季低溫低濁水，預臭氧化雖不能降低水中有機物濃度，但能顯著提高后續常規處理單元出水水質。

Specifically, in terms of mechanism, the evolutionary mechanisms and regularities of water cycle and accompanying processes of river basins under the effects of high intensity mankind activities will be revealed ; in terms of modeling methodology, an integrated simulation system will be constructed for the “ natural - artificial ” binary water cycle and related processes of river basins to create the basic theories and methods of high efficiency water resources utilization ; and, in terms of application basis, quantitative criteria and patterns will be created for high efficiency water resources utilization and integral control of water cycle in water scarce areas

具體來說，在機理層面上，揭示高強度人類活動作用下的流域水循環及其伴生過程演變機理與規律；在模型方法層面，構建流域「天然人工」二元水循環及相關過程綜合模擬系統，形成水資源高效利用的基礎理論與方法；在應用基礎層面，提出缺水地區水資源高效利用和水循環整體調控的定量標準與模式。

Processes of wetland landscape changes in naoli river basin since 1980s

20世紀80年代以來撓力河流域濕地景觀變化過程研究

There are two series of cu, au deposits, the stratiformed deposits and the intrusive - related ones in the mineralization belt of the middle and lower reaches of the yangtze river area. comparative studies on forming geodynamic backgrounds, geological and geochemical conditions of the ore - forming systems have been undertaken in this paper. the stratiformed deposits were formed in hercynian period by submarine exhalation - sedimentation sedex of hot brine through the synchronous basement faults in a tensional environmental, and the intrusive - related deposits were formed in yenshanian in a tensional or a transitional period to tensional environment during the upper mantle doming by water - rock interaction and complex transport - chemical reaction dynamic processes, the ore - forming fluids were mainly magmatic water from melt - fluid partition and some meteoric water

成礦流體系統形成的地球動力學背景及地質地球化學條件對比研究表明，賦存於石炭系中的層狀銅金礦床是海西期拉張背景下熱鹵水沿同生斷裂經噴流作用形成的海底噴流熱水沉積礦床與燕山期中酸性侵入巖有關的銅金礦床是在上地幔隆起張性或向張性過渡背景下形成的，是中酸性巖漿經熔體流體分離作用形成的巖漿熱液與大氣降水混合，經水巖作用等復雜的輸運和化學反應耦合過程的動力學產物。

Eight sub - projects will be set up in the project by comprehensively considering the integrity and logic of the project and the synchronism and independence between the topics of sub - projects : 1 ) binary water cycle pattern and mechanism of water resource evolution in the haihe river basin ; 2 ) mechanisms for water cycle - driven ecological evolution and restoration in the haihe river basin ; 3 ) mechanisms of water environment evolution and basis for water pollution control in the haihe river basin ; 4 ) integrated simulation and forecast of water cycle and accompanying processes in the haihe river basin ; 5 ) water cycle - based basic theories and methodology for the assessment of utility of water resource utilization ; 6 ) process of farmland water cycle and mechanisms of high efficiency agricultural water utilization in the haihe river basin ; 7 ) mechanisms of evolution of binary water cycle system and safe, high efficiency water use in cities ; and 8 ) thresholds and patterns for the integral multi - dimensional critical control of water cycle in the haihe river basin

綜合考慮項目研究的整體性、邏輯性，以及課題研究的同步性、獨立性，項目將設置八個課題：海河流域二元水循環模式與水資源演變機理；水循環驅動下的海河流域生態演變與修復機理；海河流域水環境演化機理與水污染防治基礎；海河流域水循環及其伴生過程的綜合模擬與預測；基於水循環的水資源利用效用評價基礎理論與方法；海河流域農田水循環過程與農業高效用水機制；城市二元水循環系統演化與安全高效用水機制；海河流域水循環多維臨界整體調控閾值與模式。

At present, many fields remain to further research, especially the profound combination of gis technique with ece ( estuarine and coastal engineering ), which should be developed for the purposes as follows : ( 1 ) to serve the huge comprehensive work in changeable natural conditions and difficult construction conditions which takes a long period and covers a large region, e. g. the regulation work of deepwater channel in the yre ( yangtze river estuary ) ( 2 ) to combine the gis with applied numerical model ( 3 ) to study the hydrodynamic processes and characteristics of waves, tidal currents and sediment transport, as well as the affection carried by the regulation work in an estuary ( 4 ) to monitor and to analyze ees ( evolution of erosion and sedimentation ) and the variation of riverbed ( 5 ) to play a role of dynamic supervising of a engineering project

目前尚有許多有待進一步研究的領域，尤其是以服務于長江口深水航道治理這樣規模大、周期長、影響區域廣、自然條件復雜、施工情況多變的國家重點工程為目的，將gis與專業應用數學模型結合，對河口海岸波浪、潮流、泥沙運動的動力機制，以及整治工程建築物對其影響的研究，對入海航道沖淤和河勢演變的監測分析，對施工進展和工程效果實現「動態」監控和管理，尚缺乏同gis技術的深入有效結合。

Hong kong should take advantage of its accessibility to capital financing, liberal and open telecommunications policies and front - line experience of what the world markets need, in order to gain a lead over china in it and applied research. if we can also take advantage of china s huge talent in research and the vast diversity of production processes available to test new technologies, there is a good possibility for synergy. another possibility is to develop tourism in the river pearl delta

香港必需建立新的經濟支柱，憑著較充裕的資金，完全開放的資訊政策，對市場產品需求的前線經驗，香港應可在拓展資訊及應用科技，例如生化方面跑得比其他中國城市快些，若然我們更可以藉助國內的科研專才，多樣的生產程序，以令科研可以付諸實際用途，將會是一個極好的互利組合。