runoff function 中文意思是什麼

runoff function 解釋
徑流函數
  • runoff : 降雨徑流
  • function : n 1 功能，官能，機能，作用。2 〈常 pl 〉職務，職責。3 慶祝儀式；（盛大的）集會，宴會。4 【數學】...
  1. And the major results and some new viewpoints were presented as follow : 1 ) sediment content of cn tillage system in runoff process is substantially low compared to st under rainfall with high intensity, showing cn bear the efficient capacity of control soil loss. nevertheless, when soil is saturated, the runoff intensity of both tillage systems is near, implicating cn has the limited function of reducing runoff. 2 ) based on the case analysis of observed all rainfall - runoff generation processes, a ) the initiation time hysteresis of surface runoff generation is notable when rainfall fall upon the unsaturated purple soils, which is attributed to the property of rapid water sorption and much non - capillary porosity

    經近幾年的觀測和理論分析，取得了以下結果和創新的認識： 1 ）在降雨強度較大的情況下，保護性耕作制? ?聚土免耕的產沙強度明顯較常規耕作制? ?順坡耕作的小，說明聚土免耕耕作制防治土壤流失是有效的；但當土壤達到飽和后，聚土免耕的徑流強度與常規耕作的差異較小，產沙強度也增大，因此，聚土免耕防治水土流失的能力是有限的。
  2. The new research progress in the effect of forest on rainfall, interception annual runoff, was summarized. the main issues show that the most function of forest vegetation aims at protecting water resources and water environment, adjusting water amount, controlling erosion, decreasing run - off silt, decreasing maximum flow as well as increasing discharge of river in dry season and purifying water quality

    本文一方面通過介紹森林水文學的概念、研究進展和實際運用，分析了森林與水相互作用的特點，並從降水、截留、徑流等方面綜合研究森林植被在涵養水源、調節水量、減少徑流泥沙、降低洪峰、增加枯水期流量、改善水質等方面具有的重要功能。
  3. Wetlands are irreplaceable spaces of water regulation and have prominent functions of regulating and storing surface runoff and purifying water body due to their special water - physical property and characterized biogeochemical function

    濕地是不可替代的水調節空間，因濕地特殊的水理性質和特有的生物地球化學作用，使濕地具有顯著的調蓄地表徑流和水體凈化功能。
  4. In harnessed watershed, a is smaller and b is bigger, but they are contrary in no - harnessed watershed. the flood peak volume modulus and sediment transport modulus is also power function relationship. but parameter a and b is different largely in different watershed and the relativity is not well than relationship between runoff depth and sediment transport modulus

    參數a 、 b可以反映流域有無治理的差異，參數a在有治理或部分治理的流域內均小於無治理流域；參數b在有治理流域內則較無治理流域偏大；流域次降雨洪峰流量模數與輸沙模數也為冪函數關系，但參數a 、 b在不同流域之間差別較大，其相關性不如徑流深與輸沙模數關系好。
  5. 11 can be a subsurface runoff parameterization with water storage and recharge based on the boussinesq - storage equation 625 written as 11 ee sineee sine. nnnnktaxbtnnuxktbtnsknnktbtaxnnuxktbtnsknnhxtwfnxhkbwfnxhkb letting t tend to infinity, one can get the steady aquifer function hs 13 : 1 sinee. uxaxnsksnnnfnhxxhkb multiplying through by the specific yield, f, and in - tegrating with respect to x between 0 and l gives the drainable storage associated with this steady - state free surface

    下面考慮整個潛水面的一種穩定狀態，也就是是對于任意一個恆定的入滲，當時間時潛水面將達到穩定的狀態不再發生變化，這個時候顯然有， 0 ， . sntnt t ， ssqnl也就是入滲補充量等於地下徑流量
  6. Traditionally, the saturated zone is modeled as a simple lumped continuity equation :, dsitqsdt where t is time, s is the total storage in the reservoir, i is the spatially integrated volume of incoming wa - ter, and q is the discharge subsurface runoff which only depends on the total storage s. this kind of subsurface runoff model has many different parame - terizations 10 12, however it has a very common char - acteristic that the subsurface runoff is just a sin - gle - valued storage - discharge function

    對于大尺度水文模型而言，目前常常採用的是集總式的地下徑流機制，其連續性方程一般可表示為d ， dsitqst ? 1這里t是時間， s表示整個流域潛水面土壤層的飽和區域總的水分儲存量， i t表示t時刻土壤的非飽和區域向整個潛水面的水分補充量， q s表示僅依賴於水分儲存量s的地下徑流量量
  7. In this paper, subjects mainly focused are as follows : to meet with the requirement of forward business and the establishment of mid - long term generation planning of hydroelectric plant, the yearly runoff and the monthly runoff are studied in this paper, providing many kinds models that suited to min - long term runoff forecast, including the time series analysis, the nearest neighbor bootstrap regressive model, the grey topological model, recession curve model, threshold auto regression, mean generating function, and ann model etc. the forecast result proves that these models are useful

    本文從以下幾方面進行了較為深入的研究： （ 1 ）為了滿足水電廠的期貨交易及編制水電站中長期發電計劃的需要，本文對年、月徑流預測進行了研究，提出了徑流中長期預測模型，包括：時間序列模型、最近鄰抽樣回歸模型、灰色拓撲預測、退水曲線模型、門限自回歸模型、均生函數模型及神經網路模型等，從預測成果來看，效果較好。
  8. The runoff and sediment yield is affected by the process of rainfall and the function of water and soil conservation measurement

    棄土場區域內產流受到降雨特徵和水保措施功能發揮的影響。
  9. The main features in the study of flood forecasting and control system are as follows : ( 1 ) runoff generating and confluence theory and hydro - dynamic method are adopted to predict the water level of taihu lake and key nodes, the basin wide forecasting and control system with the function of real time correction has been first established in plain river network to meet the complicated flow conditions of taihu lake basin and to enhance the reliability of forecasting results ; ( 2 ) according to the rainfall in foreseen period multiple schemes can be made in the forecasting model and adjusted with time, which overcomes the errors caused by the uncertain rainfall in the foreseen period so as to make the forecasting results approach reality

    本文所研究的預報調度系統有如下特點： （ 1 ）本系統採用產匯流理論和水動力學方法預報太湖及重要節點水位，首次在平原河網地區建立了具有實時校正功能的全流域預報調度系統。以適合太湖流域復雜的水力條件，增強預報的可靠性; （ 2 ）預報模型可以根據預見期降雨量進行多方案預報，並隨時間推移，可以實時進行調整，克服由於預見期降雨不確定引起的誤差，使預報結果更接近實際。
  10. Small watersheds are dominant landscape units of the region as well as runoff production, convergence and sand production unit which reflecting soil and water loss rules. small watersheds are eco - economic compound systems, embodying structure and function of economic and social activities of human being during a certain period time

    小流域既是區域的優勢景觀單元；又是一個產流、匯流、產沙單元，反映水土流失規律；還是一個復合生態經濟系統單元，反映一定時期內人類經濟社會活動的結構與功能。
  11. It was showed that forest with good structure could improve the soil noncapillary porosity and water conversation function, and it was implied that forest with rational structure stored rainfall and surface runoff quickly

    表明具有良好結構的林分，可有效改善土壤非毛管孔隙度和滯留貯水功能，從而有效地提高對降雨的快速貯存以及蓄洪與涵養水源作用。
  12. Analyzed result on observed data shows that runoff erosivity and sediment transport modulus have a good power function ( y = mxn ) relationship. all the correlation coefficients of regression equation are bigger than 0. 9 in different watershed and power exponent b is 0. 4 - 0. 65, which average is 0. 52. and n is bigger as harness degree high

    實際流域的觀測資料分析結果表明：徑流侵蝕力與輸沙模數之間有很好的冪函數（ y = mx ~ n ）關系，回歸方程相關系數均在0 . 9以上，關系式中冪指數n在0 . 4 - 0 . 65之間，平均為0 . 52 ，治理度越高， n值越大，而參數m與流域面積和治理度有關， m值隨著流域面積的增大和治理度的提高而減小。
  13. ( 1 ) in newly - constructed stage and early stage of reclamation, the most important factor of runoff is 30min rainfall intensity. in later stage of reclamation, the most important one is 45min rainfall intensity. and the runoff capacity is the most important influence factor to soil erosion always ; ( 2 ) on the certain degree, loosening surface has an active function to infiltration condition but not to conserve soil ; ( 3 ) the most runoff is formed on platform of stackpile and the soil erosion often happens in the slope ; ( 4 ) stone - soiled dumps have an advantage over soil at respect of erosion resistance so that soil is not adapt in covering slope ; ( 5 ) grass has a better role in conservation of water and soil than arbor in early stage of reclamation ; ( 6 ) arbor - arboret - hemp mix is the best model for conservation

    結果顯示：在未復墾時期和復墾初期， 30min降雨強度對徑流影響最大，復墾後期徑流與45min雨強相關性最強，而徑流量對土壤侵蝕量的影響始終最大；通過疏鬆地表巖土只在一定程度上改善地表的入滲條件，並不能起到保土的作用；平臺為徑流的主要形成區，而土壤侵蝕主要集中在斜坡；土石混排坡的土壤抗蝕性比覆土坡的要大得多，在排土場形成過程中不宜用厚層黃土覆坡；在復墾初期，純草模式水土保持效果明顯好於純喬模式。
  14. The reason is that the quality and function of current forest can not match the natural primeval forest with perfect soil conservation effectiveness. because unitary surface material and less land surface roughness which can not retain runoff lead to short confluence time, quick delivery of flood, easy superposition of floods, and result to flood disaster

    原因是目前的森林質量和功能都無法與具有水土保持功能的原始森林相比，其地表組成物質太少且單一，地面粗糙度低，起不到對地表徑流的阻擋作用，致使地面徑流匯流時間縮短，洪水下泄快並容易形成洪水疊加，導致洪澇災害加劇。
  15. ( 2 ) runoff - yielding time on grassland with a higher cover ratio primarily depended on initial water content, and their relationship might be described by a power function too. surface crust could easily take place on bare land, so its runoff - yielding time primarily depended on rainfall intensity, and their relationship might be described by a linear function

    （ 2 ）植被覆蓋度較高的荒草地，產流時間主要取決于初始含水量，兩者的關系可用冪函數描述；裸地因降雨產生地表結皮，產流時間主要取決于降雨強度，兩者的關系可用線性描述。
  16. The following conclusions were reached : i ) in different watershed, runoff depth and sediment transport modulus have power function ( y = axb ) relationship and the non - line regression equation can well simulate their relationship. parameter a and b can reflect difference of watershed harness degree

    通過研究，取得如下結論： （ 1 ）在不同流域內，徑流深與輸沙模數均成冪函數（ y = ax ~ b ）關系，其關系方程以非線性回歸擬合結果比較好。
  17. The results show that there is a power function relation between rainfall intensity and runoff duration and a linear relation between rainfall intensity and sediment transport rate of unit width, and we find the experienced coefficient of above relations through regression analysis

    結果表明，產流時間和降雨強度之間存在冪函數關系，與單寬輸沙率之間存在線性關系，單寬輸沙率與單寬流量之間亦存在線性關系。
  18. ( 4 ) building and resolving water resources stimulation model. based on analysis runoff data of 1974 - 2001 and using water data, adopting the minimum water shortage as object function, adopting delphi 6. 0 to programme, gained distributing water and water shortage results

    關中西部灌區採用1974年? 2001年的主要水源工程來水量資料，在分析資料的基礎上，以缺水量最小建立目標函數，利用模擬方法計算各子系統的用水、配水情況，採用delphi6 . 0編制模擬調度程序，得出灌區聯合調水后的缺水情況。
  19. In this paper, mean generating function is applied to the forecast of monthly runoff in a creative way. the forecast result proved that the mean generating function is a feasible method in monthly runoff forecast

    （ 3 ）創造性地將均生函數模型應用於入庫月徑流預測，得到了實用性較好的預測成果，豐富了徑流中長期預測的理論和方法。
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